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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2021年第6期39卷 2295-2308页

作者： Yujia YANG Xiaoni LI Lina SUN Laboratory for evolution and Development Institute of Evolution and Marine BiodiversityOcean University of ChinaQingdao 266003China CAS Key Laboratory of marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China

Sea cucumbers are echinoderm species with a leathery skin and an elongated *** compounds,including saponins,have been previously isolated from sea *** majority of saponins derived from this organism typically belong to the triterpene glycosides,which exhibit various biological effects(e.g.,antifungal,cytotoxic,hemolytic,and cytostatic immunomodulatory activities).In the present study,30 saponin biosynthesis enzymes,namely 2 AACTs,2 FPSs,2 HMGSs,2 OSCs,1 SS,2 SEs,and 19 UGTs,were found in the genome of sea cucumber Apostichopus *** with upstream saponin biosynthesis enzymes(i.e.,AACTs,FPSs,HMGSs,OSCs,and SSs),the downstream saponin biosynthesis enzymes(SEs and UGTs)shared lower amino acid sequence similarity with the corresponding genes in other *** was proposed that the enzyme structures comprised bothα-helices andβ-***,only a low percentage ofβ-sheets were present in FPSs,OSCs,and *** saponin biosynthesis enzymes showed dynamic expression patterns during five critical developmental stages of ***(fertilized oocytes,blastula,gastrula,doliolaria,and penractula).The present study involved elucidation of putative saponin biosynthesis pathways in sea cucumber and provides a valuable platform for further investigation of saponin biosynthesis in echinoderms.

关键词： triterpene saponin biosynthesis sea cucumber enzyme expression development

RpL38 modulates germ cell differentiation by controlling Bam expression in Drosophila testis

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第11期67卷 2411-2425页

作者： Yang Fang Fengchao Zhang Fangzhen Zhao Jiajia Wang Xinkai Cheng Fei Ye Jiayu He Long Zhao Ying Su Key Laboratory of evolution&marine biodiversity(Ministry of Education)and institute of evolution&marine biodiversity Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266003China College of marine Life Sciences Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266003China Fisheries College Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266003China

Switching from mitotic spermatogonia to meiotic spermatocytes is critical to producing haploid sperms during male germ cell ***,the underlying mechanisms of this switch remain largely *** Drosophila melanogaster,the gene RpL38 encodes the ribosomal protein L38,one component of the 60S subunit of *** found that its depletion in spermatogonia severely diminished the production of mature sperms and thus led to the infertility of male *** examining the germ cell differentiation in testes,we found that RpL38-knockdown blocked the transition from spermatogonia to spermatocytes and accumulated spermatogonia in the *** understand the intrinsic reason for this blockage,we conducted proteomic analysis for these spermatogonia *** from the control spermatogonia,the accumulated spermatogonia in RpL38-knockdown testes already expressed many spermatocyte markers but lacked many meiosis-related proteins,suggesting that spermatogonia need to prepare some important proteins for meiosis to complete their switch into ***,we found that the expression of bag of marbles(bam),a crucial determinant in the transition from spermatogonia to spermatocytes,was inhibited at both the mRNA and protein levels upon RpL38 *** also confirmed that the bam loss phenocopied RpL38 RNAi in the testis phenotype and transcriptomic ***,overexpressing bam was able to fully rescue the testis abnormality and infertility of RpL38-knockdown flies,indicating that bam is the key effector downstream of RpL38 to regulate spermatogonia ***,our data suggested that germ cells start to prepare meiosis-related proteins as early as the spermatogonial stage,and RpL38 in spermatogonia is required to regulate their transition toward spermatocytes in a bamdependent manner,providing new knowledge for our understanding of the transition process from spermatogonia to spermatocytes in Drosophila

关键词： Drosophila melanogaster spermatogenesis RpL38 spermatogonia bam

evolution of sex determination in crustaceans

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marine Life Science & Technology 2023年第1期5卷 1-11页

作者： Zhiqiang Ye Trent Bishop Yaohai Wang Ryan Shahriari Michael Lynch Center for Mechanisms of evolution Arizona State UniversityTempeAZ 85287USA institute of evolution and marine biodiversity KLMMEOcean University of ChinaQingdao 266003China

Sex determination(SD)involves mechanisms that determine whether an individual will develop into a male,female,or in rare cases,*** harbor extremely diverse SD systems,including hermaphroditism,environmental sex determination(ESD),genetic sex determination(GSD),and cytoplasmic sex determination(e.g.,Wolbachia controlled SD systems).Such diversity lays the groundwork for researching the evolution of SD in crustaceans,i.e.,transitions among different SD ***,most previous research has focused on understanding the mechanism of SD within a sin-gle lineage or species,overlooking the transition across different SD *** help bridge this gap,we summarize the understanding of SD in various clades of crustaceans,and discuss how different SD systems might evolve from one ***,we review the genetic basis for transitions between different SD systems(i.e.,Dmrt genes)and propose the microcrustacean Daphnia(clade Branchiopoda)as a model to study the transition from ESD to GSD.

关键词： Crustacean Sex determination Sexual differentiation Dmrt Daphnia

Presence of a long nuclear-localization signal sequence in homeodomain transcription factor Nkx 1.2

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2024年第2期42卷 620-626页

作者： Xinyi LI Lihui CHEN Xinyuan WANG Chen SUN Guangdong JI Guobin HU Zhenhui LIU College of marine Life Science and institute of evolution&marine biodiversity Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266003China Laoshan Laboratory Qingdao 266237China

Homeodomains,a 60-amino acid sequence encoded by 180 nucleotides,are highly conserved DNA-binding motifs that are present in a variety of transcription factors in species ranging from yeast to *** NKX proteins belong to the homeodomain(HD)-containing transcription factor *** play vital roles in the regulation of ***1-2 is one member of the NKX *** present,information about its nuclear localization signal(NLS)sequence is *** studied the NLS sequence of zebrafish Nkx1.2 by introducing sequence changes such as deletion,mutation,and truncation,and identified an NLS motif(QNRRTKWKKQ)that is localized at the C-terminus of the ***,the deletion of two amino acid residues(RR)in this NLS motif prevents Nkx1.2 from entering the nucleus,indicating that the two amino acids are essential for Nkx1.2 nuclear ***,the NLS motif alone is unable to target cytoplasmic protein glutathione S-transferase(GST)to the *** intact homeodomain is necessary for mediating the complete nuclear transport of cytoplasmic *** most nuclear import proteins with short NLS sequences,a long NLS is present in zebrafish *** also demonstrated that the sequences of homeodomain of NKX1.2 are well conserved among different *** study is informative to verify the function of the NKX1.2 protein.

关键词： NKX1.2 NKX protein homeodomain nuclear localization signal(NLS) nuclear transport

Morphology and SSU rD NA Sequence Analysis of Two Hypotrichous Ciliates(Protozoa, Ciliophora, Hypotrichia) Including the New Species Metaurostylopsis parastruederkypkeae ***.

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2016年第5期15卷 866-878页

作者： LU Borong WANG Chundi HUANG Jie SHI Yuhong CHEN Xiangrui School of marine Sciences Ningbo University institute of evolution & marine biodiversity Ocean University of China Key Laboratory of Aquatic biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of HydrobiologyChinese Academy of Sciences

The morphology and phylogeny of two hypotrichous ciliates, Metaurostylopsis parastruederkypkeae n. sp. and Neourostylopsis flavicana(Wang et al., 2011) Chen et al., 2013 were investigated based on morphology, infraciliature and the small subunit(SSU) ribosomal RNA gene(r RNA) sequence. The new species, M. parastruederkypkeae n. sp. was identified according to its characteristics: body shape ellipsoidal, size about(165–200) ×(45–60) μm in vivo, cell color reddish; two types of cortical granules including wheat grain-like and yellow-greenish larger ones along the marginal cirri rows and dorsal kineties and dot-like and reddish smaller ones, grouped around marginal cirri on ventral side and arranged in short lines on dorsal side; 26–41 adoral membranelles; three frontal and one parabuccal, five to seven frontoterminal, one buccal, and three to six transverse cirri; seven to thirteen midventral pairs; five to nine unpaired ventral cirri, five to seven left and three to five right marginal rows; and three complete dorsal kineties. Phylogenetic analysis based on SSU r DNA sequences showed that both Metaurostylopsis and Neourostylopsis are monophyletic. As the internal relationship between and within both genera are not clear, further studies on the species in these two genera are necessary. The key characteristics of all known twelve Metaurostylopsis-Apourostylopsis-Neourostylopsis species complex were updated.

关键词： dorsal Species genera granules marginal phylogeny arrows ventral subunit RNA

Comparative genome analysis of three euplotid protists provides insights into the evolution of nanochromosomes in unicellular eukaryotic organisms

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marine Life Science & Technology 2023年第3期5卷 300-315页

作者： Didi Jin Chao Li Xiao Chen Adam Byerly Naomi AStover Tengteng Zhang Chen Shao Yurui Wang Laboratory of Protozoological biodiversity and evolution in Wetland College of Life SciencesShaanxi Normal UniversityXi’an 710119China institute of evolution and marine biodiversity Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266003China Laboratory of marine Protozoan biodiversity and evolution Marine CollegeShandong UniversityWeihai 264209China Department of Computer Science and Information Systems Bradley UniversityPeoria 61625USA Department of Biology Bradley UniversityPeoria 61625USA

One of the most diverse clades of ciliated protozoa,the class Spirotrichea,displays a series of unique characters in terms of eukaryotic macronuclear(MAC)genome,including high fragmentation that produces ***,the genomic diversity and evolution of nanochromosomes and gene families for spirotrich MAC genomes are poorly *** this study,we assemble the MAC genome of a representative euplotid(a new model organism in Spirotrichea)species,Euplotes *** results indicate that:(a)the MAC genome includes 35,465 contigs with a total length of 97.3 Mb and a contig N50 of 3.4 kb,and contains 13,145 complete nanochromosomes and 43,194 predicted genes,with the majority of these nanochromosomes containing tiny introns and harboring only one gene;(b)genomic comparisons between *** and other reported spirotrichs indicate that average GC content and genome fragmentation levels exhibit interspecifc variation,and chromosome breaking sites(CBSs)might be lost during evolution,resulting in the increase of multi-gene nanochromosome;(c)gene families associated with chitin metabolism and FoxO signaling pathway are expanded in ***,suggesting their potential roles in environment adaptation and survival strategies of ***;and(d)a programmed ribosomal frameshift(PRF)with a conservative motif 5′-AAATAR-3′tends to occur in longer genes with more exons,and PRF genes play an important role in many cellular regulation processes.

关键词： Ciliate Euplotes Genome fragmentation Gene family expansion

Taxonomic description of a new marine ciliate,Euplotes qingdaoensis n. sp.(Ciliophora:Euplotida)

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2014年第2期32卷 426-432页

作者：陈相瑞马洪钢 Khaled A.S.AL-RASHEID School of marine Science Ningbo University Laboratory of Protozoology Institute of Evolution & Marine BiodiversityOcean University of China Zoology Department College of ScienceKing Saud University

The characteristics and infraciliature of a new euplotid ciliate, Euplotes qingdaoensis n. sp., discovered from the coastal waters of Jiaozhou Bay, northern China, were studied using live observation and silver impregnation. The new marine species is characterized by a slightly flattened body （90-110 um×70- 80 um, in vivo）, an adoral zone of 26-29 membranelles, 10 strong frontoventral and five transverse cirri, two caudal cirri, a single left marginal cirrus, seven dorsal kineties, a middle kinety with about 15 pairs of basal bodies, a silverline system of the double-eurystomus type, and a C-shaped macronucleus.

关键词： Euplotes infraciliature morphology new species taxonomy

Structure of Mitochondrial DNA Control Region of Pholis fangi and Its Phylogenetic Implication

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2014年第3期13卷 491-496页

作者： LI Lin ZHANG Hui SUN Dianrong GAO Tianxiang institute of evolution and marine biodiversity Ocean University of China South China Sea Fisheries Research institute Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences

In this study, the entire mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA) control region(CR) of Pholis fangi was amplified via polymerase chain reaction followed by direct sequencing. The length of the mtDNA CR consensus sequence of P. fangi was 853 bp in length. In accordance with the recognition sites as were previously reported in fish species, the mtDNA CR sequence of P. fangi can be divided into 3 domains, i.e., the extended terminal associated sequence(ETAS), the central conserved sequence block(CSB), and the CSB domain. In addition, the following structures were identified in the mtDNA CR sequence of P. fangi: 2 ETASs in the ETAS domain(TAS and cTAS), 6 CSBs in the central CSB domain(CSB-F to CSB-A), and 3 CSBs in the CSB domain(CSB-1 to CSB-3). These demonstrated that the structure of the mtDNA CR of P. fangi was substantially different from those of most other fish species. The mtDNA CR sequence of P. fangi contained one conserved region from 656 bp to 815 bp. Similar to most other fish species, P. fangi has no tandem repeat sequences in its mtDNA CR sequence. Phylogenetic analysis based on the complete mtDNA CR sequences showed that there were no genetic differences within P. fangi populations of the same geographical origin and between P. fangi populations of different geographical origins.

关键词： Pholisfangi mitochondrial DNA control region structure phylogenetic relationship

Hatschek's pit and origin of pituitary gland

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2022年第12期41卷 1-6页

作者： Shicui Zhang Xiaohan Ji institute of evolution and marine biodiversity Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266003China Laboratory for marine Biology and Biotechnology Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao)Qingdao 266237China

Pituitary gland,or pituitary for short,is characteristic of all *** a“master gland”controlling a multitude of important functions in the body,its evolutionary origin has been an object of investigations of evolutionary biology for two *** morphological,ultrastructural and immunohistochemical studies suggested the homology of the Hatschek’s pit of amphioxus and vertebrate *** genetics study showed that the development of Hatschek’s pit and vertebrate pituitary is both subject to regulation by the common genes such as Pit1,Lhx3 and *** recent studies demonstrated that the Hatschek’s pit is able to secrete growth hormone(GH)-like hormone and thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH)-like hormone that both play functions similar to vertebrate GH and *** thus think that the emergence of Hatschek’s pit represents one of important events during endocrine network evolution,which laid a foundation for the subsequent formation of a hypothalamic-pituitary system in vertebrates.

关键词： protochordate amphioxus brain pituitary evolution

Molecular Grouping of Grateloupia Tissues Collected Along Chinese Coast and Microsatellite Diversity Analysis of G. asiatica

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2018年第4期17卷 925-931页

作者： PENG Chong DING Haiyan TANG Zhihong GUO Li YANG Guanpin College of marine Life Sciences Ocean University of China institute of evolution & marine biodiversity Ocean University of China Key Laboratory of marine Genetics and Breeding of Chinese Ministry of Education Ocean University of China

Genus Grateloupia is one of the most speciose genera in family Halymeniales. It is also one of the sources for natural materials, food and medicine. With different environments, Grateloupia change their morphological characteristics, making their morphological identification very difficult. In addition, few of the species diversity in this genus has been described before. In this study, phylogenetic analysis based on rbc L gene sequence was employed to group Grateloupia collected from three locations along Chinese coast. The microsatellites were also used to evaluate their genetic diversity. In total, the tissue parts of 6 putative species were collected from G. asiatica, G. livida, G. lanceolate, G. catenata, G. turuturu and G. filicina. In order to evaluate their genetic diversity and then conserve them better, 40 microsatellites available for Grateloupia were used to evaluate their genetic diversity, and 11 microsatellites were found to be applicable to determine the genetic diversity of G. asiatica. It was found that the genetic diversity of G. asiatica around Qingdao was very rich. We suggested that the species of genus Grateloupia should be identified based on rbc L phylogenetic analysis before the diversity evaluation with microsatellites. The microsatellites should be developed for each species of Grateloupia so that their genetic diversity can be evaluated appropriately.

关键词： Grateloupia rbc L molecular grouping microsatellite genetic diversity