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Targets capture by distributed active swarms via bio-inspired reinforcement learning

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年第1期Mechanics & Astronomy) .卷 210-221页

作者： Kun Xu Yue Li Jun Sun Shuyuan Du Xinpeng Di Yuguang Yang Bo Li institute of Biomechanics and Medical engineering Applied Mechanics Laboratory Department of Engineering MechanicsTsinghua University institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology Tsinghua University Shanghai Aerospace control Technology institute Shanghai Key Laboratory of Aerospace Intelligent control Technology College of Automation engineering Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics

Natural swarms arranged from cells to herds are usually decentralized but display intriguing collective intelligence in coordinating individuals across large scales to efficiently achieve their common goals. Learning from nature may provide new strategies for controlling collective dynamics of synthetic swarms to accomplish specific functions. Here, we present a bioinspired computational framework that steers distributed active swarms to collectively capture and merge targets via reinforcement learning. We exploit collective milling structures of natural herds to cage the targets, and adopt a switching control policy inspired by sperms' chiral dynamics to optimize the trajectories of individuals, through which the active swarms can selforganize to enclose single or multiple distant targets in a dynamical, adaptive and scalable manner. There exists a critical swarm size, beyond which the excessive competition between agents would generate large mechanical forces, leading to capture instability but enabling the transition from short-distance to long-distance merging capture of multiple targets. This work provides physical insights into distributed active swarms and could offer a multilevel, decentralized strategy toward controlling swarm robotics in wide applications such as bio-medical devices, machine immunity, and target clearance.

关键词： swarm intelligence robotics multi-tasks artificial intelligence bionics

Optimal Scheduling of an Independent Electro-Hydrogen System with Hybrid Energy Storage Using a Multi-Objective Standardization Fusion Method

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Energy engineering 2025年第1期122卷 63-84页

作者： SuliangMa ZeqingMeng Mingxuan Chen Yuan Jiang School of electrical and control engineering North China University of TechnologyBeijing100144China ChinaThree Gorges Technology Co. Ltd.Beijing100032China School of Automation and electrical engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing100083China

In the independent electro-hydrogen system(IEHS)with hybrid energy storage(HESS),achieving optimal scheduling is ***,it presents a challenge due to the significant deviations in values ofmultiple optimization objective functions caused by their physical *** deviations seriously affect the scheduling process.A novel standardization fusion method has been established to address this issue by analyzing the variation process of each objective function’s *** optimal scheduling results of IEHS with HESS indicate that the economy and overall energy loss can be improved 2–3 times under different optimization *** proposed method better balances all optimization objective functions and reduces the impact of their *** the cost of BESS decreases by approximately 30%,its participation deepens by about 1 ***,if the price of the electrolyzer is less than 15￥/kWh or if the cost of the fuel cell drops below 4￥/kWh,their participation will increase *** study aims to provide a more reasonable approach to solving multi-objective optimization problems.

关键词： Electro-hydrogen system multi-objective optimization standardization method hybrid energy storage system

An NIR-Ⅱ-emissive Ru(Ⅱ) metallacycle for efficient and safe immunotherapy

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Science China Chemistry 2025年第1期68卷 5-7页

作者： Chonglu Li Jianbo Zhan Biao Dong institute of Health Inspection and Testing Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics College of Electronic Science and Engineering Jilin University

Immunotherapy, as a groundbreaking cancer treatment, has gained considerable attention for its utilization of the body’s immune system to combat tumors [1]. This therapy induces tumor cell apoptosis, triggering a sustained anti-tumor immune response and effectively preventing tumor recurrence and metastasis [2]. The fundamental principle lies in inducing tumor cell death through specific treatment modalities, leading to the release of a cascade of signaling molecules and antigens, thereby mobilizing the immune system to actively identify and attack tumor cells [3].

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Integrated Equipment with Functions of Current Flow control and Fault Isolation for Multiterminal DC Grids

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Energy engineering 2025年第1期122卷 85-99页

作者： Shuo Zhang Guibin Zou School of electrical engineering Shandong UniversityJinan250061China Suzhou Research institute Shandong UniversitySuzhou215123China

The multi-terminal direct current(DC)grid has extinctive superiorities over the traditional alternating current system in integrating large-scale renewable *** the DC circuit breaker(DCCB)and the current flow controller(CFC)are demanded to ensure the multiterminal DC grid to operates reliably and ***,since the CFC and the DCCB are all based on fully controlled semiconductor switches(e.g.,insulated gate bipolar transistor,integrated gate commutated thyristor,etc.),their separation configuration in the multiterminal DC grid will lead to unaffordable implementation costs and conduction power *** solve these problems,integrated equipment with both current flow control and fault isolation abilities is proposed,which shares the expensive and duplicated components of CFCs and DCCBs among adjacent *** addition,the complicated coordination control of CFCs and DCCBs can be avoided by adopting the integrated equipment in themultiterminal DC *** order to examine the current flow control and fault isolation abilities of the integrated equipment,the simulation model of a specific meshed four-terminal DC grid is constructed in the PSCAD/EMTDC ***,the comparison between the integrated equipment and the separate solution is presented a specific result or conclusion needs to be added to the abstract.

关键词： Integrated equipment multiterminal direct current grid current flow control fault isolation

Multi-model ensemble learning for battery state-of-health estimation:Recent advances and perspectives

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 739-759页

作者： Chuanping Lin Jun Xu Delong Jiang Jiayang Hou Ying Liang Zhongyue Zou Xuesong Mei State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robots School of Mechanical Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Department of electrical engineering and Automation Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology School of Mechanical engineering Hangzhou Dianzi University

The burgeoning market for lithium-ion batteries has stimulated a growing need for more reliable battery performance monitoring. Accurate state-of-health(SOH) estimation is critical for ensuring battery operational performance. Despite numerous data-driven methods reported in existing research for battery SOH estimation, these methods often exhibit inconsistent performance across different application scenarios. To address this issue and overcome the performance limitations of individual data-driven models,integrating multiple models for SOH estimation has received considerable attention. Ensemble learning(EL) typically leverages the strengths of multiple base models to achieve more robust and accurate outputs. However, the lack of a clear review of current research hinders the further development of ensemble methods in SOH estimation. Therefore, this paper comprehensively reviews multi-model ensemble learning methods for battery SOH estimation. First, existing ensemble methods are systematically categorized into 6 classes based on their combination strategies. Different realizations and underlying connections are meticulously analyzed for each category of EL methods, highlighting distinctions, innovations, and typical applications. Subsequently, these ensemble methods are comprehensively compared in terms of base models, combination strategies, and publication trends. Evaluations across 6 dimensions underscore the outstanding performance of stacking-based ensemble methods. Following this, these ensemble methods are further inspected from the perspectives of weighted ensemble and diversity, aiming to inspire potential approaches for enhancing ensemble performance. Moreover, addressing challenges such as base model selection, measuring model robustness and uncertainty, and interpretability of ensemble models in practical applications is emphasized. Finally, future research prospects are outlined, specifically noting that deep learning ensemble is poised to advance ens

关键词： Contrastive Learning

Robust Backstepping control of a Quadrotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicle under Colored Noises

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第1期82卷 777-798页

作者： Mehmet Karahan electrical and Electronic engineering Department Atilim UniversityAnkara06830Turkey

Advances in software and hardware technologies have facilitated the production of quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs).Nowadays,people actively use quadrotor UAVs in essential missions such as search and rescue,counter-terrorism,firefighting,surveillance,and cargo *** performing these tasks,quadrotors must operate in noisy ***,a robust controller design that can control the altitude and attitude of the quadrotor in noisy environments is of great *** researchers have focused only on white Gaussian noise in their studies,whereas researchers need to consider the effects of all colored noises during the operation of the *** study aims to design a robust controller that is resistant to all colored ***,a nonlinear quadrotormodel was created with ***,a backstepping controller resistant to colored noises was *** backstepping controller was tested under Gaussian white,pink,brown,blue,and purple *** and Lyapunov-based controller designswere also carried out,and their time responses(rise time,overshoot,settling time)were compared with those of the backstepping *** the simulations,time was in seconds,altitude was in meters,and roll,pitch,and yaw references were in *** and settling time values were in seconds,and overshoot value was in *** the obtained values are examined,simulations prove that the proposed backstepping controller has the least overshoot and the shortest settling time under all noise types.

关键词： Backstepping control colored noises Gaussian noise Lyapunov stability quadrotor robustness PID control

Near-perfect replication on amorphous alloys through active force modulation based on machine learning/neural network parameter prediction

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年第1期Mechanics & Astronomy) .卷 181-191页

作者： Senkuan Meng Zheng Wang Ruisong Zhu Ruijie Liu Jiang Ma Lina Hu Weihua Wang Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education) School of Materials Science and Engineering Shandong University College of Mechatronics and control engineering Shenzhen University Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences

As a microforming technique, micro/nano-structural replication possesses advantages of high precision and efficiency. With the remarkable superplasticity in the supercooled liquid region, amorphous alloys or metallic glasses(MGs) are regarded as ideal materials for miniature fabrication. However, due to the intrinsic metastable nature of supercooled liquids, the design of imprinting processes for MGs poses a challenge. In the past, process parameters have largely relied on trial-and-error *** this work, a low-frequency active force modulation system is employed to apply a stable, precise, and real-time feedback stress field for imprinting of MG samples. Low-frequency vibrations can facilitate the filling of microstructures on the template surface by reducing the effective viscosity of the supercooled liquid. With the dataset composed of orthogonal experiments, a machine learning strategy based on back-propagation(BP) neural networks was utilized to construct a 3D parameter space for temperature, stress, and time, and to predict the corresponding filling ratio. Furthermore, the optimal combination of imprinting process parameters was identified, and its filling ratio was experimentally validated to reach as high as 0.94. The near-perfect replication of microstructures confirms the superiority of the active force modulation system and the data-driven strategy of machine learning-assisted parameter design. At the same time, this one-step microforming process provides a new approach to addressing the accuracy-cost trade-off dilemma in precision manufacturing.

关键词： metallic glass amorphous alloy microforming imprinting machine learning

Bandgap characteristics analysis and graded design of a novel metamaterial for flexural wave suppression

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2025年第1期46卷 1-24页

作者： Fan YANG Zhaoyang MA Xingming GUO Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mechanics in Energy engineering Shanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics School of Mechanics and Engineering ScienceShanghai University Shanghai institute of Aircraft Mechanics and control

A novel elastic metamaterial is proposed with the aim of achieving lowfrequency broad bandgaps and bandgap regulation. The band structure of the proposed metamaterial is calculated based on the Floquet-Bloch theorem, and the boundary modes of each bandgap are analyzed to understand the effects of each component of the unit cell on the bandgap formation. It is found that the metamaterials with a low elastic modulus of ligaments can generate flexural wave bandgaps below 300 Hz. Multi-frequency vibrations can be suppressed through the selective manipulation of bandgaps. The dual-graded design of metamaterials that can significantly improve the bandgap width is proposed based on parametric studies. A new way that can regulate the bandgap is revealed by studying the graded elastic modulus in the substrate. The results demonstrate that the nonlinear gradient of the elastic modulus in the substrate offers better bandgap performance. Based on these analyses, the proposed elastic metamaterials can pave the way for multi-frequency vibration control, low-frequency bandgap broadening, and bandgap tuning.

关键词： Vibration analysis

Dispatchable Capability of Aggregated Electric Vehicle Charging in Distribution Systems

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Energy engineering 2025年第1期122卷 129-152页

作者： ShiqianWang Bo Liu Yuanpeng Hua Qiuyan Li Binhua Tang Jianshu Zhou Yue Xiang Economic and Technology Research institute State Grid Henan Electric Power CompanyZhengzhou450052China College of electrical engineering Sichuan UniversityChengdu610065China

This paper introduces a method for modeling the entire aggregated electric vehicle(EV)charging process and analyzing its dispatchable *** methodology involves developing a model for aggregated EV charging at the charging station level,estimating its physical dispatchable capability,determining its economic dispatchable capability under economic incentives,modeling its participation in the grid,and investigating the effects of different scenarios and EV penetration on the aggregated load dispatch and dispatchable *** results indicate that using economic dispatchable capability reduces charging prices by 9.7%compared to physical dispatchable capability and 9.3%compared to disorderly ***,the peak-to-valley difference is reduced by 64.6%when applying economic dispatchable capability with 20%EV penetration and residential base load,compared to disorderly charging.

关键词： Aggregated charging dispatchable capability peak shaving and valley filling the economics of charging demand response