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A double-layer radiative cooling coating that utilizes the refractive index difference between layers to achieve extremely high solar reflectivity

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Science China Technological Sciences 2024年第10期67卷 3182-3189页

作者： WANG FuQiang LI ChunZhe YANG ZhenNing XIE WeiXin LI Xiang XU ZengHui YAN YuYing CHENG ZiMing School of Energy Science and Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology School of New Energy Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai China construction Eco-Environmental Protection technology Co. Ltd. Faculty of Engineering University of Nottingham

Passive daytime radiative cooling（PDRC） technology has great potential in reducing cooling energy consumption. In order to further improve the spectral performance of PDRC coatings, current researchers mostly focus on the selection and size design of functional particles, while ignoring the optical properties enhancement effect caused by the interlayer binder. In this study, based on the principle that the refractive index difference between layers enhanced the backscattering performance of the solar spectrum, we proposed and manufactured a double-layer PDRC coating with polyvinylidene difluoride（PVDF） as the filmforming material in the upper layer and polydimethylsiloxane（PDMS） as the film-forming material in the lower layer, both filled with Al2O3and SiO2particles. The double-layer PDRC coating exhibited excellent spectral performance that a high solar reflectivity of 98% and an emissivity of 0.95 at the “atmospheric window” band. In comparison, the solar spectrum reflectivity of the single-layer PDRC coatings based on PVDF and PDMS of the same thickness was 95% and 94.7%, respectively. Outdoor tests showed that the PDRC coating achieved a temperature decrease of up to 7.1℃ under direct sunlight at noon time. In addition, the PDRC coating had excellent weather resistance, water resistance, and other basic properties. This article opens up a new idea and provides methodological guidance for the design of double-layer PDRC coatings.

关键词： double-layer radiative cooling coating spectral modulation interlayer refractive index solar energy radiative transfer

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Heat Storage Performance of PCM in a Novel Vertical Pointer-Shaped Finned Latent Heat Tank

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Journal of Thermal Science 2024年第2期33卷 422-434页

作者： MAO Qianjun ZHU Yuanyuan LI Tao School of Urban construction Wuhan University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430065China

The heat storage performance of latent heat storage systems is not good due to the poor thermal conductivity of phase change *** this paper,a new type of pointer-shaped fins combining rectangular and triangular fins has been employed to numerically simulate the melting process in the heat storage tank,and the fin geometry parameter effects on heat storage performance have been *** results indicate that compared with the bare tube and the rectangular finned tank,the melting time of the phase change material in the pointer-shaped finned tank is reduced by 64.2%and 15.1%,*** closer the tip of the triangular fin is to the hot wall,the better the heat transfer *** optimal height of the triangular fin is about 8 *** the number of fins from 4 to 6 and from 6 to 8 reduces the melting time by 16.0%and 16.7%***,increasing the number of fins from 8 to 10 only reduces the melting time by 8.4%.When the fin dimensionless length is increased from 0.3 to 0.5 and from 0.5 to 0.7,the melting time is shortened by 17.5%and 13.0%.But the melting time is only reduced by 2.9%when the dimensionless fin length is increased from 0.7 to *** optimising the design of the thermal storage system,the results can provide a reference value.

关键词： thermal energy storage phase change material pointer-shaped fins heat storage performance

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Temperature-adaptive metasurface radiative cooling device with excellent emittance and low solar absorptance for dynamic thermal regulation

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Advanced Photonics 2024年第4期6卷 70-82页

作者： Junlin Yang Qianyi Li Shiqiao Liu Debao Fang Jingyao Zhang Haibo Jin Jingbo Li Beijing institute of technology School of Materials Science and EngineeringBeijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green ApplicationsBeijingChina

Passive radiative cooling is a promising passive cooling technology that emits heat to deep space without energy ***,the persistent challenge of overcooling in static radiative techniques has raised *** a desirable solution is suggested based on vanadium dioxide(VO_(2))in the form of a Fabry-Perot(F-P)resonant cavity,the inherent contradiction between desired high emissivity(ε)and low solar absorptance(α_(sol))remains a notable ***,we employed a simple mask-filling technique to develop a temperature-adaptive metasurface radiative cooling device(ATMRD)for dynamic thermal *** and experimental results substantially evidenced that multiple localized polariton resonances were induced by the VO_(2)metasurface,significantly enhancing the thermal emittance of the *** engineered ATMRD achieved an amazing switch of the atmospheric window emittance from 0.13 to 0.85 when the surface temperature exceeds a pre-set transition temperature,accompanied by a commendableα_(sol)of 27.71%.The mechanism of multiple localized polariton resonances is discussed in detail to understand the enhanced performance based on the investigation of the relationship between the metasurface structure and multiple localized polariton *** demonstrate an efficient smart radiative technique achieved by a simple micro/nanoprocess and,most importantly,contribute a valuable reference for the design of radiative devices,which is crucial in various areas such as passive cooling,smart windows,multifunctional electromagnetic response,and space application technologies.

关键词： dynamic radiative cooling metasurface vanadium dioxide emittance plasmon resonance

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Influence of Incomplete Soil Plugs on Bearing Capacities of Bucket Foundations in Clay

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China Ocean Engineering 2024年第1期38卷 144-155页

作者： LI Hui-shan LIU Run YANG Xu LIAN Ji-jian State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Intelligent construction and Operation Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China School of Civil Engineering Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China institute of Marine Energy and Intelligent construction Tianjin University of TechnologyTianjin 300384China

Due to the uneven seabed and heaving of soil during pumping,incomplete soil plugs may occur during the installation of bucket foundations,and the impacts on the bearing capacities of bucket foundations need to be *** this paper,the contact ratio(the ratio of the top diameter of the soil plug to the diameter of the bucket)and the soil plug ratio(the ratio of the soil heave height to the skirt height)are defined to describe the shape and size of the incomplete soil ***,finite element models are established to investigate the bearing capacities of bucket foundations with incomplete soil plugs and the influences of the contact ratios,and the soil plug ratios on the bearing capacities are *** results show that the vertical bearing capacity of bucket foundations in homogeneous soil continuously improves with the increase of the contact ***,in normally consolidated soil,the vertical bearing capacity barely changes when the contact ratio is smaller than 0.75,while the bearing capacity suddenly increases when the contact ratio increases to 1 due to the change of failure *** contact ratio hardly affects the horizontal bearing capacity of bucket ***,the moment bearing capacity improves with the increase of the contact ratio for small aspect ratios,but hardly varies with increasing contact ratio for aspect ratios larger than ***,the reduction coefficient method is proposed based on this analysis to calculate the bearing capacities of bucket foundations considering the influence of incomplete soil *** comparison results show that the proposed reduction coefficient method can be used to evaluate the influences of incomplete soil plug on the bearing capacities of bucket foundations.

关键词： bucket foundation incomplete soil plug uniaxial bearing capacity contact ratio soil plug ratio

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Text Difficulty Study:Do Machines Behave the Same as Humans Regarding Text Difficulty?

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Machine Intelligence Research 2024年第2期21卷 283-293页

作者： Bowen Chen Xiao Ding Yi Zhao Bo Fu Tingmao Lin Bing Qin Ting Liu Research Center for Social Computing and Information Retrieval Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001China Fundamental technology Center China Construction Bank Financial Technology Co.Ltd.Beijing 100033China

With the emergence of pre-trained models,current neural networks are able to give task performance that is comparable to ***,we know little about the fundamental working mechanism of pre-trained models in which we do not know how they approach such performance and how the task is solved by the *** example,given a task,human learns from easy to hard,whereas the model learns ***,difficulty-insensitive learning leads to great success in natural language processing(NLP),but little attention has been paid to the effect of text difficulty in *** propose a human learning matching index(HLM Index)to investigate the effect of text *** results show:1)LSTM gives more human-like learning behavior than ***,UID-SuperLinear gives the best evaluation of text difficulty among four text difficulty *** nine tasks,some tasks’performance is related to text difficulty,whereas others are not.2)Model trained on easy data performs best in both easy and medium test data,whereas trained on hard data only performs well on hard test data.3)Train the model from easy to hard,leading to quicker convergence.

关键词： Cognition inspired natural language processing psycholinguistics explainability text difficulty curriculum learning

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Characterization and Propagation of Historical and Projected Droughts in the Umatilla River Basin, Oregon, USA

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第2期41卷 247-262,I0020-I0028页

作者： Sudip GAUTAM Alok SAMANTARAY Meghna BABBAR-SEBENS Meenu RAMADAS School of Civil and construction Engineering Oregon State UniversityCorvallisOR 97331USA School of Infrastructure Indian Institute of TechnologyBhubaneswarOdisha 752050India

Climate change is expected to have long-term impacts on drought and wildfire risks in Oregon as summers continue to become warmer and drier. This paper investigates the projected changes in drought characteristics and drought propagation in the Umatilla River Basin in northeastern Oregon for mid-century(2030–2059) and late-century(2070–2099) climate scenarios. Drought characteristics for projected climates were determined using downscaled CMIP5 climate datasets from ten climate models and Soil and Water Assessment Tool to simulate effects on hydrologic processes. Short-term(three months) drought characteristics(frequency, duration, and severity) were analyzed using four drought indices, including the Standardized Precipitation Index(SPI-3), Standardized Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index(SPEI-3), Standardized Streamflow Index(SSI-3), and the Standardized Soil Moisture Index(SSMI-3). Results indicate that short-term meteorological droughts are projected to become more prevalent, with up to a 20% increase in the frequency of SPI-3drought events. Short-term hydrological droughts are projected to become more frequent(average increase of 11% in frequency of SSI-3 drought events), more severe, and longer in duration(average increase of 8% for short-term droughts).Similarly, short-term agricultural droughts are projected to become more frequent(average increase of 28% in frequency of SSMI-3 drought events) but slightly shorter in duration(average decrease of 4%) in the future. Historically, drought propagation time from meteorological to hydrological drought is shorter than from meteorological to agricultural drought in most sub-basins. For the projected climate scenarios, the decrease in drought propagation time will likely stress the timing and capacity of water supply in the basin for irrigation and other uses.

关键词： Umatilla drought SPI SPEI SSI SSMI

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Dynamic compliance of energy-saving legged elastic parallel joints for quadruped robots:design and realization

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Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2024年第2期19卷 45-58页

作者： Yaguang ZHU Minghuan ZHANG Xiaoyu ZHANG Haipeng QIN Key Laboratory of Road construction technology and Equipment of Ministry of Education School of Engineering MachineryChang’an UniversityXi’an 710064China State Key Laboratory of Robotics and Systems Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001China

Achieving dynamic compliance for energy-efficient legged robot motion is a longstanding *** recent predictive control methods based on single-rigid-body models can generate dynamic motion,they all assume infinite energy,making them unsuitable for prolonged robot *** this issue necessitates a mechanical structure with energy storage and a dynamic control strategy that incorporates feedback to ensure *** work draws inspiration from the efficiency of bio-inspired muscle–tendon networks and proposes a controllable torsion spring leg *** design integrates a spring-loaded inverted pendulum model and adopts feedback delays and yield springs to enhance the delay effects.A leg control model that incorporates motor loads is developed to validate the response and dynamic performance of a leg with elastic *** model provides torque to the knee joint,effectively reducing the robot’s energy consumption through active or passive control *** benefits of the proposed approach in agile maneuvering of quadruped robot legs in a realistic scenario are demonstrated to validate the dynamic motion performance of the leg with elastic joints with the advantage of energy-efficient legs.

关键词： dynamic responsiveness energy dissipation legged locomotion parallel joints quadruped robot

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Public perception of connected and automated vehicles:Benefits,concerns,and barriers from an Australian perspective

Journal of Intelligent and Connected Vehicles

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Journal of Intelligent and Connected Vehicles 2024年第2期7卷 108-128页

作者： Ali Matin Hussein Dia Department of Civil and construction Engineering Swinburne University of TechnologyMelbourne 3122Australia

This study investigates the attitudes and concerns of the Australian public toward connected and autonomous vehicles(CAVs),and the factors influencing their willingness to adopt this *** a comprehensive survey,a diverse group of respondents provided valuable insights toward various CAV scenarios such as riding in a vehicle with no driver,self-driving public transport,self-driving taxis,and heavy vehicles without *** results highlight the significant impact of safety concerns about automated vehicles on individuals’attitudes across all *** levels of concern were associated with more negative attitudes,and a strong correlation between concerns and opposition underlines the necessity of addressing these apprehensions to build public trust and promote CAV ***,nearly 70%of respondents felt uncomfortable driving next to a CAV,but they displayed more confidence in adopting automated public transport in the near ***,around 40%of participants indicated a strong willingness to purchase a CAV,primarily driven by the desire to reduce their carbon footprint and safety ***,respondents with health conditions or disability exhibited heightened interest(almost double those without health conditions)in CAV *** differences emerged in attitudes and preferences toward CAVs,with women expressing a greater level of concern and perceiving higher barriers to CAV *** emphasizes the importance of employing targeted approaches to address the specific concerns of different *** study also underscores the role of trust in technology as a significant barrier to CAV deployment,ranking high among respondents’*** overcome these challenges and facilitate successful CAV deployment,various strategies are suggested,including live demonstrations,dedicated routes for automated public transport,adoption incentives,and addressing liability *** findings from this st

关键词： connected and automated vehicles(CAVs) autonomous vehicles public acceptance stakeholder consultations road safety

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Enhancing wood efficiency through comprehensive wood flow analysis:Methodology and strategic insights

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第2期11卷 172-183页

作者： Ruisheng Wang Peer Haller institute of Steel and Timber construction Technische Universität Dresden01062DresdenGermany

Wood,an essential natural resource in human civilization,remains widely used despite advances in technology and material *** surge in greenhouse gas emissions and environmental concerns accentuates the need for optimizing wood *** flow analysis is a powerful tool for tracking material flows and stocks,aiding resource management and environmental ***,the full extent of its methodological dimensions,particularly within the context of the wood supply chain,remains relatively *** this study,we delve into the existing literature on wood flow analysis,discussing its primary objectives,materials involved,temporal and spatial scales,data sources,units,and conversion ***,data uncertainty,data reconciliation and crucial assumptions in material flow analysis are highlighted in this *** findings reveal the significance of wood cascading and substitution effects by replacing non-wood materials,where they can reduce greenhouse gas emissions more than the natural carbon sink of forests and wood *** immediate impact of short-term wood cascading might not be as robust as the substitution effect,with energy substitution showcasing better results than material ***,it's crucial to note that these conclusions could experience significant reversal from a long-term and global *** for improving wood efficiency involve maximizing material use,advancing construction technologies,extending product lifespans,promoting cascade use,and optimizing energy recovery *** study underscores the need for standardized approaches in wood flow analysis and emphasizes the potential of wood efficiency strategies in addressing environmental challenges.

关键词： Material flow analysis Wood Methodology Cascade use Substitution effects

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Deep Guided Attention Network for Joint Denoising and Demosaicing in Real Image

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Chinese Journal of Electronics 2024年第1期33卷 303-312页

作者： Tao ZHANG Ying FU Jun ZHANG School of Computer Science and technology Beijing Institute of Technology Advanced Reasearch institute of Multidisciplinary Science Beijing Institute of Technology

Denoising(DN) and demosaicing(DM) are the first crucial stages in the image signal processing pipeline. Recently, researches pay more attention to solve DN and DM in a joint manner, which is an extremely undetermined inverse problem. Existing deep learning methods learn the desired prior on synthetic dataset, which limits the generalization of learned network to the real world data. Moreover, existing methods mainly focus on the raw data property of high green information sampling rate for DM, but occasionally exploit the high intensity and signalto-noise(SNR) of green channel. In this work, a deep guided attention network(DGAN) is presented for real image joint DN and DM(JDD), which considers both high SNR and high sampling rate of green information for DN and DM, respectively. To ease the training and fully exploit the data property of green channel, we first train DN and DM sub-networks sequentially and then learn them jointly, which can alleviate the error accumulation. Besides, in order to support the real image JDD, we collect paired raw clean RGB and noisy mosaic images to conduct a realistic dataset. The experimental results on real JDD dataset show the presented approach performs better than the state-of-the-art methods, in terms of both quantitative metrics and qualitative visualization.

关键词： Training Visualization Inverse problems Green products Noise reduction Pipelines Signal processing

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