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Potential fly-ash utilization in agriculture:A global review

Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2009年第10期19卷 1173-1186页

作者： Manisha Basu Manish Pande P.B.S.Bhadoria S.C.Mahapatra Agriculture & Food Services SGS India Pvt. Ltd. Department of Agricultural and Food Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Rural development Centre Indian Institute of Technology

Though in last four decades various alternate energy sources have come into the limelight, the hyperbolic use of coal as a prime energy source cannot be counterbalanced. Disposal of high amount of fly-ash from thermal power plants absorbs huge amount of water, energy and land area by ash ponds. In order to meet the growing energy demand, various environmental, economic and social problems associated with the disposal of fly-ash would continue to increase. Therefore, fly-ash management would remain a great concern of the century. Fly-ash has great potentiality in agriculture due to its efficacy in modification of soil health and crop performance. The high concentration of elements (K, Na, Zn, Ca, Mg and Fe) in fly-ash increases the yield of many agricultural crops. But compared to other sectors, the use of fly-ash in agriculture is limited. An exhaustive review of numerous studies of last four decades took place in this paper, which systematically covers the importance, scope and apprehension regarding utilization of fly-ash in agriculture. The authors concluded that though studies have established some solutions to handle the problems of radioactivity and heavy metal content in fly-ash, long-term confirmatory research and demonstration are necessary. This paper also identified some areas, like proper handling of dry ash in plants as well as in fields, ash pond management (i.e., faster decantation, recycling of water, vertical expansion rather than horizontal), monitoring of soil health, crop quality, and fate of fly-ash in time domain, where research thrust is required. Agricultural lime application contributes to global warming as Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) assumes that all the carbon in agricultural lime is finally released as CO2 to the atmosphere. It is expected that use of fly-ash instead of lime in agriculture can reduce net CO2 emission, thus reduce global warming also.

关键词： Coal fly-ash Agriculture Soil health Crop yield Radioactivity Global warming

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GDI and GSI: China’s New Propositions for Global Governance

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China Economist 2024年第5期19卷 107-116页

作者： Ouyang Xiangying institute of World Economy and Politics Chinese Academy of Social Sciences(IWEP-CASS)BeijingChina

In the post-pandemic era,the global economic and security landscapes are fraught with complexities and *** them,four risk flashpoints merit attention:Certain countries are raising interest rates to subdue inflation,despite their already high levels of debt;the bulk commodities market is experiencing volatility,leading to global turbulence and change;trade protectionism is at the forefront of major-power rivalry in political and economic spheres;and regional security crises are compounding international *** those flashpoints are contradictions that obstruct world peace and progress,including development imbalances,governance gaps,and structural tensions in global *** the face of uncertainties,it is crucial for China to seize strategic opportunities and transform crises into favorable *** has launched the Global development Initiative(GDI)and the Global Security Initiative(GSI)to contribute to global prosperity and *** two initiatives demonstrate China’s commitment to addressing global deficits in peace,development,security,and governance.

关键词： Global development Initiative(GDI) Global Security Initiative(GSI) China’s approach to global governance Ukraine crisis China-Russia relationship

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Selective photocatalytic oxidation of methane to C1 oxygenates by regulating sizes and facets over Au/ZnO

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Nano Research 2024年第5期17卷 3810-3818页

作者： Qiang Zhou Xinyu Wang Xiaojie Tan Qinhua Zhang Hao Yang Tao Xing Mingqing Wang Mingbo Wu Wenting Wu State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering&Institute of New EnergyChina University of Petroleum(East China)Qingdao 266580China National Engineering Research Center of Coal Gasification and Coal-Based Advanced Materials ShanDong Energy Group CO.LTDJinan 250101China

Photocatalytic oxidation of methane to value-added chemicals is a promising process under mild conditions,nevertheless confronting great challenges in efficiently activating C-H bonds and inhibiting ***,we propose a comprehensive strategy for the selective generation of reactive oxygen species(ROS)by regulating the sizes and facets of Au nanoparticles loaded on *** photocatalytic methane oxidation at ambient temperature,a high oxygenates yield of 36.4 mmol·g^(-1)·h^(-1) with a nearly 100%selectivity has been achieved over the optimized 1.0%Au/ZnO-9.6(1%Au with(111)facet and 9.6 nm size on ZnO)photocatalyst,exceeding most reported *** investigations reveal that 1.0%Au/ZnO-9.6 with the medium size and Au(111)facet guarantees the favourable formation of superoxide radicals(·OOH)through mild oxygen reduction,ultimately leading to excellent photocatalytic methane oxidation *** work provides some guidance for the delicate design of photocatalysts for efficient photocatalytic methane oxidation and oxygen utilization.

关键词： photocatalysis methane oxidation radical regulation oxygen activation nanomaterial

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Visible-light-driven thio-carboxylation of alkynes with CO_(2):facile synthesis of thiochromones

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Science China Chemistry 2023年第5期66卷 1457-1466页

作者： Meng Miao Lei Zhu Hong Zhao Lei Song Si-Shun Yan Li-Li Liao Jian-Heng Ye Yu Lan Da-Gang Yu Key Laboratory of green Chemistry&Technology of Ministry of Education College of ChemistrySichuan UniversityChengdu 610064China College of Pharmacy Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing 400038China School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational ChemistryChongqing UniversityChongqing 400030China College of Chemistry and institute of green Catalysis Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001China

Difunctionalizing carboxylation of alkynes with CO_(2)is a sustainable and important strategy to generate valuable acrylate derivatives from both readily available starting *** protocols,however,always suffer from the use of excess metallic reagents and transition metal ***,we report the first thio-carboxylation of alkynes with thiophenols and CO_(2),which is a visible-light-driven and transition metal-free *** contrast to previous carboxylations of alkynes via two-electron activation of CO_(2),mechanistic and computational investigations suggest that the single-electron activation of CO_(2)is involved in the thio-carboxylation,rendering uniqueβ-*** following cyclizing acylation affords important thiochromones ***,the one-pot method features mild reaction conditions(room temperature,1 atmosphere of CO_(2)),high chemo-and regio-selectivity,easy scalability and facile derivatization of products to bioactive compounds.

关键词： carbon dioxide visible light carboxylation thiochromones

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Electromagnetic fields in ultra-peripheral relativistic heavy-ion collisions

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第2期35卷 103-109页

作者： Jie Zhao Jin-Hui Chen Xu-Guang Huang Yu-Gang Ma Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application(MOE) Institute of Modern PhysicsFudan UniversityShanghai 200433China Shanghai Research Center for Theoretical Nuclear Physics NSFC and Fudan UniversityShanghai 200438China Physics Department and Center for Particle Physics and Field Theory Fudan UniversityShanghai 200438China

Ultra-peripheral heavy-ion collisions(UPCs)offer unique opportunities to study processes under strong electromagnetic *** these collisions,highly charged fast-moving ions carry strong electromagnetic fields that can be effectively treated as photon *** exchange of photons can induce photonuclear and two-photon interactions and excite *** excitation of the ions results in Coulomb dissociation with the emission of photons,neutrons,and other ***,the electromagnetic fields generated by the ions can be sufficiently strong to enforce mutual interactions between the two colliding ***,the two colliding ions experience an electromagnetic force that pushes them in opposite directions,causing a back-to-back correlation in the emitted *** a Monte Carlo simulation,we qualitatively demonstrate that the above electromagnetic effect is large enough to be observed in UPCs,which would provide a clear means to study strong electromagnetic fields and their effects.

关键词： Electromagnetic fields Neutrons Ultra-peripheral relativistic heavy-ion collisions(UPC)

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Petroleum geology and sub-source hydrocarbon accumulation of Permian reservoirs in Jinan Sag,eastern Junggar Basin,NW China

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Petroleum Exploration and development 2023年第3期50卷 558-572页

作者： LI Jianzhong CHEN Xuan YANG Runze LIN Tong YANG Fan MA Qiang GOU Hongguang WEI Yanzhao LIN Lin PetroChina Tuha Oilfield Company Hami 839009China PetroChina Research institute of Petroleum Exploration and development Beijing 100083China

According to the latest drilling and the analysis of the burial history,source rock evolution history and hydrocarbon accumulation history,the sub-source hydrocarbon accumulation characteristics of the Permian reservoirs in the Jinan Sag,eastern Junggar Basin,are clarified,and the hydrocarbon accumulation model of these reservoirs is *** results are obtained in four ***,the main body of the thick salified lake basin source rocks in the Lucaogou Formation has reached the mature stage with abundant resource ***-scale reservoirs are developed in the Jingjingzigou,Wutonggou and Lucaogou ***,there are multiple sets of good regional seals,the source-reservoir-caprock assemblage is good,and there are three reservoir-forming assemblages:sub-source,intra-source and ***,dissolution,hydrocarbon charging and pore-preserving effect,and presence of chlorite film effectively increase the sub-source pore *** charging is earlier than the time when the reservoir becomes densified,which improves the efficiency of hydrocarbon ***,buoyancy and source-reservoir pressure difference together constitute the driving force of oil charging,and the micro-faults within the formation give the advantage of"source-reservoir lateral docking"under the source *** can be critical channels for efficient seepage and continuous charging of oil in different ***,the Jingjingzigou Formation experienced three periods of oil accumulation in the Middle-Late Permian,Middle-Late Jurassic and Late Neogene,with the characteristics of long-distance migration and accumulation in early stage,mixed charging and accumulation in middle stage and short-distance migration and high-position accumulation in late *** discovery and theoretical understanding of the Permian reservoirs in the Jinan Sag reveal that the thrust belt has good conditions for forming large reservoirs,and it is promising for exploration.T

关键词： Junggar Basin Fukang fault zone Jinan Sag Permian Jingjingzigou Formation hydrocarbon accumulation conditions sub-source hydrocarbon accumulation

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Hierarchy, clusters, and spatial differences in Chinese inter-city networks constructed by scientific collaborators

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2018年第12期28卷 1793-1809页

作者：马海涛方创琳林赛南黄晓东徐成东 institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research CAS School of Urban Design Wuhan University Key Research institute of Yellow River Civilization and Sustainable development Henan University

The Chinese urban system is currently experiencing a fundamental shift, as it moves from a size-based hierarchy to a network-based system. Contemporary studies of city networks have tended to focus on economic interactions without paying sufficient attention to the issue of knowledge flow. Using data on co-authored papers obtained from China Academic Journal Network Publishing Database （CAJNPD） during 2014-2016, this study explores several features of the scientific collaboration network between Chinese mainland cities. The study concludes that：（1） the spatial organization of scientific cooperation amongst Chinese cities is shifting from a jurisdiction-based hierarchical system to a networked system; and （2） several highly intra-connected city regions were found to exist in the network of knowledge, and such regions had more average internal linkages （14.21） than external linkages （8.69）, and higher average internal linkage degrees （14.43） than external linkage degrees （10.43）; and （3） differences existed in terms of inter-region connectivity between the Western, Eastern, and Central China regional networks （the average INCD of the three regional networks were 109.65, 95.81, and 71.88）. We suggest that China should engage in the development of regional and subregional scientific centers to achieve the goal of building an innovative country. Whilst findings reveal a high degree of concentration in those networks - a characteristic which reflects the hierarchical nature of China＇s urban economic structure - the actual spatial distribution of city networks of knowledge flow was found to be different from that of city networks based on economic outputs or population.

关键词： Chinese city networks knowledge flows scientific collaboration co-authored papers knowledge city clusters China academic journal innovative country regional differences

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CFD study on double-to single-loop flow pattern transition and its influence on macro mixing efficiency in fully baffled tank stirred by a Rushton turbine

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2019年第5期27卷 993-1000页

作者： Quanhong Zhu Hang Xiao Aqiang Chen Shujun Geng Qingshan Huang Key Laboratory of Biofuels Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266101China Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy Dalian 116023China Key Laboratory of green Process and Engineering Institute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

For a fully baffled tank stirred by a Rushton turbine (RT), the flow pattern will change from double- to single-loop as the off bottom clearance (C) of the RT decreases from one third of the tank diameter. Such a flow pattern transition as well as its influence on the macro mixing efficiency was investigated via CFD simulation. The transient sliding mesh approach coupled with the standard k-s turbulence model could correctly and efficiently reproduce the reported critical C range where the flow pattern changes. Simulation results indicated that such a critical C range varied hardly with the impeller rotation speed but decreased significantly with increasing impeller diameter. Small RTs are preferable to generating the single-loop flow pattern. A mechanism of the flow pattern transition was further proposed to explain these phe no mena. The discharge stream from the RT deviates down wards from the horizontal direction for small C values;if it meets the tank wall first, the double-loop will form;if it hits the tank bottom first, the single-loop will form. With the flow pattern transition, the mixing time decreased by about 35% at the same power input (P), indicating that the single-loop flow pattern was more efficient than the double-loop to enhance the macro mixing in the tank. A comparison was further made between the single-loop RT and pitched blade turbine (PBT, 45°) from macro mixing perspective. The single-loop RT was found to be less efficient than the PBT and usually required 60% more time to achieve the same level of macro mixing at the same P.

关键词： Rushton turbine Flow pattern Transition Simulation Mechanism Mixing

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Tunable artificial plasmonic nanolaser with wide spectrum emission operating at room temperature

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第5期33卷 466-471页

作者：周鹏郭佳琦梁琨金磊梁熊玉李俊强邓绪彦秦建宇张家森于丽 State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications School of ScienceBeijing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsBeijing 100876China State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructures and Mesoscopic Physics School of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100876China Peking University Yangtze Delta institute of Optoelectronics Peking UniversityNantong 226010China

With the rapid development of information and communication technology,a key objective in the field of optoelectronic integrated devices is to reduce the nano-laser size and energy *** nanolasers are unable to exceed the diffraction limit and typically exhibit low modulation rates of several *** contrast,plasmonic nanolaser utilizes highly confined surface plasmon polariton(SPP)mode that can exceed diffraction limit and their strong Purcell effect can accelerate the modulation rates to several ***,we propose a parametrically tunable artificial plasmonic nanolasers based on metal–insulator–semiconductor–insulator–metal(MISIM)structure,which demonstrates its ability to compress the mode field volume toλ/*** the pump power increases,the proposed artificial plasmonic nanolaser exhibits 20-nm-wide output ***,we investigate the effects of various cavity parameters on the nanolaser’s output threshold,offering potentials for realizing low-threshold artificial plasmonic ***,we observe a blue shift in the center wavelength of the nanolaser output with thinner gain layer thickness,predominantly attributed to the increased exciton–photon coupling *** work brings inspiration to several areas,including spaser-based interconnects,nano-LEDs,spontaneous emission control,miniaturization of photon condensates,eigenmode engineering of plasmonic nanolasers,and optimal design driven by artificial intelligence(AI).

关键词： surface plasmon polaritons nanolaser ultrafast MISIM

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China＇s Internet Finance： A Critical Review

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China & World Economy 2017年第4期25卷 78-92页

作者： Jianguo Xu Associate Professor National School of Development and Institute of Digital Finance Peking University China

China＇s Internet finance industry developed explosively from 2012 to 2015. Undersupply of finaneial services, progress of information technology and accommodative regulations for Internet finance jointly explain the explosive development. Regulation tightened after the small-scale P2P lending crisis in 2015. The present paper discusses the role of information technology and mega data analysis in financial services, with particular attention paid to some popular misconceptions. The paper predicts that large financial institutions and information technology companies will play a dominant role in the future development of lnternet finance.

关键词： financial regulation financial repression information technology mega data analysis

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