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Effects of meteorological factors on different grades of winter wheat growth in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, China

Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2016年第11期15卷 2647-2657页

作者： HUANG Qing WANG Li-min CHEN Zhong-xin LIU Hang institute of agricultural resources and regional planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

The sown area of winter wheat in the Huang-Huai-Hai（HHH） Plain accounts for over 65% of the total sown area of winter wheat in China. Thus, it is important to monitor the winter wheat growth condition and reveal the main factors that influence its dynamics. This study assessed the winter wheat growth condition based on remote sensing data, and investigated the correlations between different grades of winter wheat growth and major meteorological factors corresponding. First, winter wheat growth condition from sowing until maturity stage during 2011–2012 were assessed based on moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer（MODIS） normalized difference vegetation index（NDVI） time-series dataset. Next, correlation analysis and geographical information system（GIS） spatial analysis methods were used to analyze the lag correlations between different grades of winter wheat growth in each phenophase and the meteorological factors that corresponded to the phenophases. The results showed that the winter wheat growth conditions varied over time and space in the study area. Irrespective of the grades of winter wheat growth, the correlation coefficients between the winter wheat growth condition and the cumulative precipitation were higher than zero lag（synchronous precipitation） and one lag（pre-phenophase precipitation） based on the average values of seven phenophases. This showed that the cumulative precipitation during the entire growing season had a greater effect on winter wheat growth than the synchronous precipitation and the pre-phenophase precipitation. The effects of temperature on winter wheat growth varied according to different grades of winter wheat growth based on the average values of seven phenophases. Winter wheat with a better-than-average growth condition had a stronger correlation with synchronous temperature, winter wheat with a normal growth condition had a stronger correlation with the cumulative temperature, and winter wheat with a worse-than-average growth

关键词： growth condition meteorological factors remote sensing spatiotemporal correlation winter wheat HuangHuai-Hai(HHH) Plain region China

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Distribution of soil aggregates and organic carbon in deep soil under long-term conservation tillage with residual retention in dryland

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Journal of Arid Land 2019年第2期11卷 241-254页

作者： WANG Bisheng GAO Lili YU Weishui WEI Xueqin LI Jing LI Shengping SONG Xiaojun LIANG Guopeng CAI Dianxiong WU Xueping institute of agricultural resources and regional planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

To ascertain the effects of long-term conservation tillage and residue retention on soil organic carbon(SOC) content and aggregate distribution in a deep soil(>20-cm depth) in a dryland environment,this paper analyzed the SOC and aggregate distribution in soil, and the aggregate-associated organic carbon(OC) and SOC physical fractions. Conservation tillage(reduced tillage with residue incorporated(RT) and no-tillage with residue mulch(NT)) significantly increased SOC sequestration and soil aggregation in deep soil compared with conventional tillage with residue removal(CT). Compared with CT, RT significantly increased the proportion of small macroaggregates by 23%–81% in the 10–80 cm layer, and the OC content in small macroaggregates by 1%–58% in the 0–80 cm layer. RT significantly increased(by 24%–90%) the OC content in mineral-SOC within small macroaggregates in the 0–60 cm layer, while there was a 23%–80% increase in the 0–40 cm layer with NT. These results indicated that:(1) conservation tillage treatments are beneficial for soil aggregation and SOC sequestration in a deep soil in a dryland environment; and(2)the SOC in mineral-associated OC plays important roles in soil aggregation and SOC sequestration. In conclusion, RT with NT is recommended as an agricultural management tool in dryland soils because of its role in improving soil aggregation and SOC sequestration.

关键词： long-term tillage residue retention soil aggregates SOC deep soil dryland

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Effects of long-term full straw return on yield and potassium response in wheat-maize rotation

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第12期14卷 2467-2476页

作者： BAI You-lu WANG Lei LU Yan-li YANG Li-ping ZHOU Li-ping NI Lu CHENG Ming-fang institute of agricultural resources and regional planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

The effect of long-term straw return on crop yield, soil potassium（K） content, soil organic matter, and crop response to K from both straw and chemical K fertilizer（K_2SO_4） were investigated in a fixed site field experiment for winter wheat-summer maize rotation in 6 years for 12 seasons. The field experiment was located in northern part of North China Plain with a sandy soil in relatively low yield potential. Two factors, straw return and chemical K fertilizer, were studied with two levels in each factor. Field split design was employed, with two straw treatments, full straw return of previous crop（St） and no straw return, in main plots, and two chemical K fertilizer treatments, 0 and 60 kg K2 O ha^（–1）, as sub-plots. The results showed that straw return significantly increased yields of winter wheat and summer maize by 16.5 and 13.2% in average, respectively, and the positive effect of straw return to crop yield showed more effective in lower yield season. Straw return significantly increased K absorption by the crops, with significant increase in straw part. In treatment with straw return, the K content in crop straw increased by 15.9 and 21.8% in wheat and maize, respectively, compared with no straw return treatment. But, straw return had little effect on K content in grain of the crops. Straw return had significant influences on total K uptake by wheat and maize plants, with an increase of 32.7 and 30.9%, respectively. There was a significant correlation between crop yield and K uptake by the plant. To produce 100 kg grain, the wheat and maize plants absorbed 3.26 and 2.24 kg K2 O, respectively. The contents of soil available K and soil organic matter were significantly affected by the straw return with an increase of 6.07 and 23.0%, respectively, compared to no straw return treatment. K_2SO_4 application in rate of 60 kg K2 O ha^（–1） showed no significant effect on wheat and maize yield, K content in crop straw, total K uptake by the crops, soil available K c

关键词： straw return potassium in straw wheat maize potassium response

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Straw layer burial to alleviate salt stress in silty loam soils: Impacts of straw forms

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2020年第1期19卷 265-276页

作者： ZHANG Hong-yuan LU Chuang PANG Huan-cheng LIU Na ZHANG Xiao-li LI Yu-yi institute of agricultural resources and regional planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Salt stress can be alleviated by straw layer burial in the soil, but little is known of the appropriate form of the straw layer for optimal regulation of soil water and salinity because of the uncontrollability of field tests. Here, the following four straw forms with compaction thickness of 5 cm buried 40–45 deep were studied: no straw layer(CK), segmented straw(SL, 5 cm in length), straw pellet(SK), and straw powder(SF). The three straw forms(SL, SK and SF) significantly delayed the infiltration of irrigation water down the column profile by 71.20–134.3 h relative to CK and the migration velocity of the wetting front under SF was the slowest. It took longer for the wetting front to transcend SK than SL but shorter for it to reach the bottom of soil column after water crossed the straw layer. Compared with CK, the average volumetric water content in the 0–40 cm soil layer increased by 6.45% under SL, 1.77% under SK and 5.39% under SF. The desalination rates at the 0–40 and 0–100 cm soil layers increased by 5.85 and 3.76% under SL, 6.64 and 1.47% under SK and 5.97 and 4.82% under SF. However, there was no significant difference among straw forms in the 0–40 cm soil layer. Furthermore, the salt leaching efficiency(SLE, g mm^–1 h^–1) above the 40 cm layer under SL was 0.0097, being significantly higher than that under SF(0.0071) by 37.23%. Salt storage under SL, SK and SF in the 40–45 cm layer accounted for 4.50, 16.92 and 7.43% of total storage in the 1-m column profile. Cumulative evaporation under SL and SF decreased significantly by 41.20 and 49.00%, with both treatments having the most significant inhibition of salt accumulation(resalinization rate being 36.06 and 47.15% lower than CK) in the 0–40 cm soil layer. In conclusion, the different forms of straw layers have desalting effects under high irrigation level(446 mm). In particular, SL and SF performed better than SK in promoting deep salt leaching and inhibiting salt accumulation on the soil surface. However,

关键词： straw layer segmented straw with 5 cm length straw pellet straw powder infiltration evaporation water and salt distribution

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Environmental risk for application of ammonia-soda white mud in soils in China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2020年第3期19卷 601-611页

作者： WANG Xiao-bin YAN Xiang LI Xiu-ying institute of agricultural resources and regional planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

In recent years,some reports,mainly from Chinese research,show that there has been an increasing trend in the use of ammonia-soda residue(ASR)(or called ammonia-soda white mud) as a soil conditioner in *** to now,the studies on ASR have focused on its utilization for acid soil amendment in agriculture,but few studies have assessed its environmental *** contains pollutant elements such as mercury(Hg),cadmium(Cd),copper(Cu) and fluorine(F) and the purpose of this study was to review research on the environmental impacts of ASR application in *** obtained from 23 research reports indicate that the concentrations of Hg,Cd,Cu,F and Cl(0-170,0.01-2.8,4.5-200,2000-24700 and 1 600-188 000 mg kg^-1,respectively) in ASR may exceed the limits(≤0.5,≤0.3 and ≤50 mg kg^-1 for Hg,Cd and Cu,respectively) of Chinese Risk Screening Values for Soil Contamination of agricultural Land(GB 15618-2018 2018) or the refereed critical value(≤800 and ≤200 mg kg^-1 for F and Cl,respectively) based on Chinese *** concentrations of the elements Hg,Cd,Cu,F and Cl in the leachate of ASR detected by the extraction tests also exceed the limits(Class IV-V) of the Chinese Standard for Groundwater Quality(GB/T 14848-2017 2017).Based on the above results,it is suggested that ASR without any pretreatment for reducing harmful pollutants should not be used for soil remediation or conditioning of farmlands,to ensure soil health,food safety and environmental quality.

关键词： environmental safety risk heavy metals industrial solid wastes ammonia-soda white mud ammonia-soda residue

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Carbon Sequestration in Soil Humic Substances Under Long-Term Fertilization in a Wheat-Maize System from North China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2014年第3期13卷 562-569页

作者： SONG Xiang-yun LIU Shu-tang LIU Qing-hua ZHANG Wen-ju HU Chun-guang College of resources and Environment Qingdao Agricultural University institute of agricultural resources and regional planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

The changes in humic substances （HS） is fundamental in detecting soil carbon sequestration mechanisms in natural and cultivated environments. Based on a long-term trial, the amounts of water dissolved substances （WSS）, humic acid （HA）, fulvic acid （FA） and humin （HU） were determined to explore the impact of long-term fertilization on HS. Increases in the amounts of WSS, HA, FA and HU were significant different among the treatments with manure. A significant correlation was found between the increased soil organic carbon （SOC） and HS （R^2=0.98, P〈0.01）. The change in the E4/E6 ratio was significantly correlated with the increased SOC （R2=0.88, P〈0.01）, HA （R^2=0.91, P〈0.01）, FA （R^2=0.91, P〈0.01） and HU （R^2=0.88, P〈0.01）. The cluster was mainly divided into two parts as manure fertilization and inorganic fertilization, based on the increases in HA, FA and HU. These results suggest that long term fertilization with manure favours carbon sequestration in HS and is mainly stabilized as HU, while the HA becomes more aliphatic. We conclude that increases in SOC can be linked to changes in the molecular characteristics of HS fractions under long term fertilization.

关键词： carbon sequestration humic acid humin long term fertilization E4/E6 ratio

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Accumulation and bioavailability of heavy metals in a soil-wheat/maize system with long-term sewage sludge amendments

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2018年第8期17卷 1861-1870页

作者： YANG Guo-hang ZHU Guang-yun LI He-lian HAN Xue-mei LI Ju-mei MA Yi-bing School of resources and Environment University of Jinan institute of agricultural resources and regional planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

A long-term field experiment was carried out with a wheat-maize rotation system to investigate the accumulation and bioavailability of heavy metals in a calcareous soil at different rates of sewage sludge amendment. There are significant linear correlations between the contents of Hg, Zn, Cu, Pb, and Cd in soil and sewage sludge amendment rates. By increasing 1 ton of applied sludge per hectare per year in soil, the contents of Hg, Zn, Cu, Pb, and Cd in soil increased by 6.20, 619, 92.9, 49.2, and 0.500 μg kg–1, respectively. For Hg, sewage sludge could be safely applied to the soil for 18 years at an application rate of 7.5 t ha–1 before content exceeded the soil environmental quality standards in China(1 mg kg–1). The safe application period for Zn is 51 years and is even longer for other heavy metals(112 years for Cu, 224 years for Cd, and 902 years for Pb) at an application rate of 7.5 t ha–1 sewage sludge. The contents of Zn and Ni in wheat grains and Zn, Cu, and Cr in maize grains increased linearly with increasing sewage sludge amendment rates. The contents of Zn, Cr, and Ni in wheat straws and Zn, Cu, and As in maize straws were positively correlated with sewage sludge amendment rates, while the content of Cu in wheat straws and Cr in maize straws showed the opposite trend. The bioconcentration factors of the heavy metals in wheat and maize grains were found to be in the order of Zn>Cu>Cd>Hg>Cr=Ni>Pb>As. Furthermore, the bioconcentration factors of heavy metals in wheat were greater than those in maize, indicating that wheat is more sensitive than maize as an indicator plant. These results will be helpful in developing the critical loads for sewage sludge amendment in calcareous soils.

关键词： sewage sludge agricultural use heavy metals calcareous soil bioconcentration factors

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Expression of sulfur uptake assimilation-related genes in response to cadmium,bensulfuron-methyl and their co-contamination in rice roots

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2014年第3期26卷 650-661页

作者： Jian Zhou Zegang Wang Zhiwei Huang Chao Lu Zhuo Han Jianfeng Zhang Huimin Jiang Cailin Ge Juncheng Yang College of Bioscience and Biotechnology Yangzhou University institute of agricultural resources and regional planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

The responses of sulfur （S） uptake assimilation-related genes＇ expression in roots of two rice cultivars to cadmium （Cd）, bensulfuron-methyl （BSM） and their co-contamination （Cd＋BSM） were investigated by gene-chip microarray analysis and quantitative real-time PCR （QRT-PCR） technology. Treatments of Cd and Cd＋BSM induced expression of sulfate transporter and permease genes, and promoted sulfate uptake in rice roots. Cd＋BSM could alleviate Cd toxicity to cv. Fengmeizhan seedlings, probably due to Cd＋BSM promoting greater S absorption by seedlings. Cd and Cd＋BSM induced expression of sulfate assimilation-related genes, and thus activated the sulfur assimilation pathway. Cd and Cd＋BSM induced expression of phytochelatin synthase and metallothionein genes, and induced expression of glutathione S-transferases （GSTs）, glutathione synthase （GS） and S- containing antioxidation enzyme genes, which detoxified Cd2＋. It is suggested that （to cope with the toxicity of Cd, BSM and their co-contamination） the S uptake and assimilation pathway was activated in rice roots by increased expression of related genes, thus enhancing the supply of organic S for synthesis of Cd or BSM resistance-related substances.

关键词： rice cadmium bensulfuron-methyl sulfur assimilation

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Spatio-temporal changes in rice area at the northern limits of the rice cropping system in China from 1984 to 2013

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2017年第2期16卷 360-367页

作者： LI Zhi-peng LONG Yu-qiao TANG Peng-qin TAN Jie-yang LI Zheng-guo WU Wen-bin HU Ya-nan YANG Peng Key Laboratory of Agri-informatics Ministry of Agriculture/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional PlanningChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences institute of agricultural Economics and regional planning Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Rice area has been expanding rapidly during the past 30 years under the influence of global change in northeastern China, which is the northernmost region of rice cultivation in China. However, the spatio-temporal dynamic changes in rice area are still unclear, although they may have important policy implications for environmental protection and adaptation to climate change. In this study, we aimed to identify the dynamic changes of the rice area in Heilongjiang Province of northeastern China by extracting data from multiple Landsat images. The study used ground quadrats selected from Google Earth and the extraction of a confusion matrix to verify the accuracy of extraction. The overall accuracy of the extracted rice area was higher than 95% as a result of using the artificial neural network （ANN） classification method. The results showed that the rice area increased by approximately 2.4×10^6 ha during the past 30 years at an annual rate of 8.0×10^4 ha, and most of the increase occurred after 2000. The central latitude of the rice area shifted northwards from 46 to 47°N during the study period, and moved eastwards from 130 to 133°E. The rice expansion area accounted for 98% of the total change in rice area, and rice loss was notably rare. The rice expansion was primarily from dryland. In addition, rice cultivation in marshland and grassland played a minor role in the rice expansion in this region.

关键词： paddy rice Landsat images artificial neural network Heilongjiang Province

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Environmental risks for application of iron and steel slags in soils in China: A review

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Pedosphere 2021年第1期31卷 28-42页

作者： Xiaobin WANG Xiuying LI Xiang YAN Cheng TU Zhaoguo YU institute of agricultural resources and regional planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China

Iron and steel slags are smelting wastes, mainly including blast furnace slag(BFS) and steel slag(SS) produced in the iron and steel industry. Utilization of iron and steel slags as resources for solving the problem of slag disposals has attracted much attention with increasing iron and steel smelting slags in China. Because the iron and steel slags contain calcium(Ca), magnesium(Mg), phosphorus(P), and silicon(Si), some have tried to use them as Si-and P-fertilizers, for producing Ca-Mg-P fertilizers, or as soil amendments in agriculture. However, in the iron metallurgical process, several pollutants in iron ores can inevitably transfer into iron and steel slags, resulting in the enrichment of pollutants both in BFS(mainly nickel(Ni), copper(Cu), mercury, zinc(Zn),cadmium(Cd), chromium(Cr), arsenic, lead, selenium, fluorine(F), and chlorine(Cl)) and in SS(mainly Ni, Cr, Cd, Zn, Cu, F, and Cl), in which some of pollutants(especially Cr, Ni, F, and Cl) exceed the limits of environmental quality standards for soils and groundwater. The elements of manganese, barium,and vanadium in iron and steel slags are higher than the background values of soil environment. In order to ensure soil health, food safety, and environmental quality, it is suggested that those industrial solid wastes, such as iron and steel slags, without any pretreatment for reducing harmful pollutants and with environmental safety risk, should not be allowed to use for soil remediation or conditioning directly in farmlands by solid waste disposal methods, to prevent pollutants from entering food chain and harming human health.

关键词： blast furnace slag environmental safety risk heavy metal industrial solid waste iron and steel industry soil pollution

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