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Maximizing biomass utilization: An integrated strategy for coproducing multiple chemicals

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 180-191页

作者： Byeongchan Ahn Sua Jo Jonggeol Na J.Jay Liu Young-Ju Kim Wangyun Won Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Korea University Department of Chemical Engineering (Integrated process) Kyung Hee University Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Ewha Womans University Department of Chemical Engineering Pukyong National University resources Engineering Plant Research Department Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources

Lignocellulosic biomass is one of the viable solutions to alleviate the global warming. However, the limited utilization of biomass majorly focused on cellulose and hemicellulose restricts the economic and environmental feasibilities. To cope with this issue, we proposed an integrated process of co-producing 1,6-hexanediol（1,6-HDO） with tetrahydrofuran and adipic acid from biomass, referred to as Strategy A. To compare the impacts of lignin upgrading and feedstock, Strategy B, which co-produces tetrahydrofuran alone, and Strategy C, which is the traditional route to produce 1,6-HDO from fossil fuels, were used. Heat networks are also designed to reduce operating costs and indirect carbon emissions due to energy consumption, saving 87% and 83% of the heat and cooling requirements, respectively, in Strategy A. The market competitiveness of Strategy A was evaluated by determining the minimum selling price through techno-economic analysis, and sustainability was thoroughly investigated by quantifying the environmental impacts through both midpoint and endpoint life-cycle assessments（LCAs）.Strategy A was found to be the most favorable both economically（USRDSCHARDOLLAR3,402/ton） and environmentally（-26.9 kg CO2eq.）. This indicates that lignin valorization is not only economically but also environmentally preferred. Finally, changes in economic and environmental feasibilities depending on economic, process, and environmental parameters were investigated using sensitivity and uncertainty analyses. The results of these analyses provide valuable insight into bio-based chemical production.

关键词： Carbon capture and utilization

Carbon Sequestration in Soil Humic Substances Under Long-Term Fertilization in a Wheat-Maize System from North China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2014年第3期13卷 562-569页

作者： SONG Xiang-yun LIU Shu-tang LIU Qing-hua ZHANG Wen-ju HU Chun-guang College of resources and environment Qingdao Agricultural University institute of agricultural resources and Regional Planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

The changes in humic substances （HS） is fundamental in detecting soil carbon sequestration mechanisms in natural and cultivated environments. Based on a long-term trial, the amounts of water dissolved substances （WSS）, humic acid （HA）, fulvic acid （FA） and humin （HU） were determined to explore the impact of long-term fertilization on HS. Increases in the amounts of WSS, HA, FA and HU were significant different among the treatments with manure. A significant correlation was found between the increased soil organic carbon （SOC） and HS （R^2=0.98, P〈0.01）. The change in the E4/E6 ratio was significantly correlated with the increased SOC （R2=0.88, P〈0.01）, HA （R^2=0.91, P〈0.01）, FA （R^2=0.91, P〈0.01） and HU （R^2=0.88, P〈0.01）. The cluster was mainly divided into two parts as manure fertilization and inorganic fertilization, based on the increases in HA, FA and HU. These results suggest that long term fertilization with manure favours carbon sequestration in HS and is mainly stabilized as HU, while the HA becomes more aliphatic. We conclude that increases in SOC can be linked to changes in the molecular characteristics of HS fractions under long term fertilization.

关键词： carbon sequestration humic acid humin long term fertilization E4/E6 ratio

Effects of Biochar and Super Absorbent Polymer on Substrate Properties and Water Spinach Growth

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Pedosphere 2015年第5期25卷 737-748页

作者： FAN Ruqin LUO Jia YAN Shaohua ZHOU Yunlai ZHANG Zhenhua institute of agricultural resources and environment Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences School of Earth and environment The University of Western Australia

Most previous researches have focused on biochar application in agricultural soils; however, limited information is available concerning the effects of biochar amendment on greenhouse substrate properties. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to investigate effects of wheat straw biochar （0-160 mL L-1） and super absorbent polymer （SAP, 0.8 g L-1） on physical and chemical properties of a substrate based on spent pig litter compost and the growth of water spinach （Ipomoea aquatica Forsk）. Total porosity, water-holding capacity~ pH and electrical conductivity （EC） of the substrate significantly increased with increasing biochar rates, especially in the substrate without SAP. The values of pH and EC were significantly lower in the substrate with SAP than those without SAP at the high biochar application rates （100-160 mL L-l）. The germination rates of water spinach decreased with increasing biochar rates when biochar was added alone （76.9%-83.7%）, whereas the rates increased to 83.6%-85.8% when biochar was added in combination with SAP. Growth parameters of water spinach and nutrient uptake by shoots and roots increased with increasing biochar rates and reached the maximum values at the biochar rate of 100 mL L-1. There were significant cubic relationships between the uptake of nutrients （N, P, and K） and biochar rates, both with and without SAP addition. In order to avoid negative effects on plant growth, the biochar application rate should be controlled at an optimal level （100 mL L-1 ）. The SAP addition not only enhanced the positive effects of biochar application on the properties of the substrate, but also inhibited the excessive rise of pH and EC following biochar additions, which led to better plant growth and enhanced nutrient uptakes by water spinach.

关键词： amendment electrical conductivity nutrient uptake pH total porosity water-holding capacity water spinach wheat straw

Radiation grafting of poly(vinyl acetate) onto wheat straw and properties of the product

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2017年第11期28卷 172-179页

作者： Ping Qu Guo-Feng Wu Jing-Xia Wu Yong-Fu Zhao institute of agricultural Facilities and Equipment Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences institute of agricultural resources and environment Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science

Poly(vinyl acetate)(PVAc) was grafted onto wheat straw by γ-irradiation to improve the compatibility between wheat straw and high-density polyethelene(PE).The grafting was proved by Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) spectroscopy. The compact structure of wheat straw was loosened because the chemical bonds and crystalline structure were destructed by the γ-rays. The modified wheat straw needed less energy for thermal transition, as revealed by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC).Thermal analysis revealed that grafted PVAc acted as a protective barrier for the wheat straw and leads to an increase in maximum pyrolysis temperature. The crystallite size of grafted wheat straw decreased to 5.33 nm from 5.63 nm before irradiation. There were holes in melted form appeared on the surface of the grafted wheat *** the grafted PVAc and irradiation are beneficial to lower the torque of wheat straw/PE melts and improve its mechanical properties by 36%. Possible mechanism of irradiation grafting was proposed.

关键词： Wheat straw Poly(vinyl acetate) Radiation grafting Composites

Accumulation and bioavailability of heavy metals in a soil-wheat/maize system with long-term sewage sludge amendments

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2018年第8期17卷 1861-1870页

作者： YANG Guo-hang ZHU Guang-yun LI He-lian HAN Xue-mei LI Ju-mei MA Yi-bing School of resources and environment University of Jinan institute of agricultural resources and Regional Planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

A long-term field experiment was carried out with a wheat-maize rotation system to investigate the accumulation and bioavailability of heavy metals in a calcareous soil at different rates of sewage sludge amendment. There are significant linear correlations between the contents of Hg, Zn, Cu, Pb, and Cd in soil and sewage sludge amendment rates. By increasing 1 ton of applied sludge per hectare per year in soil, the contents of Hg, Zn, Cu, Pb, and Cd in soil increased by 6.20, 619, 92.9, 49.2, and 0.500 μg kg–1, respectively. For Hg, sewage sludge could be safely applied to the soil for 18 years at an application rate of 7.5 t ha–1 before content exceeded the soil environmental quality standards in China(1 mg kg–1). The safe application period for Zn is 51 years and is even longer for other heavy metals(112 years for Cu, 224 years for Cd, and 902 years for Pb) at an application rate of 7.5 t ha–1 sewage sludge. The contents of Zn and Ni in wheat grains and Zn, Cu, and Cr in maize grains increased linearly with increasing sewage sludge amendment rates. The contents of Zn, Cr, and Ni in wheat straws and Zn, Cu, and As in maize straws were positively correlated with sewage sludge amendment rates, while the content of Cu in wheat straws and Cr in maize straws showed the opposite trend. The bioconcentration factors of the heavy metals in wheat and maize grains were found to be in the order of Zn>Cu>Cd>Hg>Cr=Ni>Pb>As. Furthermore, the bioconcentration factors of heavy metals in wheat were greater than those in maize, indicating that wheat is more sensitive than maize as an indicator plant. These results will be helpful in developing the critical loads for sewage sludge amendment in calcareous soils.

关键词： sewage sludge agricultural use heavy metals calcareous soil bioconcentration factors

Evaluating the impacts of converting grain to vegetable fields on nitrate transport in the deep vadose zone of the North China Plain

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2025年第1期 189-212页

作者： LIU Meiying MIN Leilei WU Lin ZHANG Yucui QI Yongqing WANG Shiqin LIU Binbin GENG Di SHEN Yanjun Hebei Key Laboratory of Water-Saving Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water ResourcesCenter for Agricultural Resources ResearchInstitute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyCAS School of Advanced agricultural Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Nitrate （NO3-） accumulation and transport processes in the thick vadose zone affect the evolution of the groundwater NO3-content in intensive agricultural *** land-use change （ALUC）,typically accompanied by substantial alterations in nitrogen fertilizer application and irrigation practices,is an important influencing *** study evaluated the changes in NO3-accumulation and transport in the deep vadose zone （DVZ,below the root zone）,and the groundwater NO3-content associated with ALUC from grain to vegetable fields in the North China Plain （NCP）.The ALUC from grain to vegetable resulted in nitrate–nitrogen （NO3--N） accumulation in DVZ increased by 235.5 kg ha-1m-1（163.2%） in the piedmont plain and 224.9 kg ha-1m-1（102.7%） in the central plain,*** change accelerated downward transport velocity in the DVZ (from 0.81±0.47 to 0.89±0.55 m yr-1in the piedmont plain,and from 0.24±0.12 to 0.92±0.12 m yr-1in the central plain) and increased NO3-leaching *** transport velocity and leaching fluxes resulted in chemical N-fertilizer entering the aquifer in several areas in the piedmont *** impact of the agricultural activity intensity changes,accompanied by the ALUC,on groundwater quantity and quality should be considered in similar regions.

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The status and distribution characteristics of residual mulching film in Xinjiang, China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2016年第11期15卷 2639-2646页

作者： ZHANG Dan LIU Hong-bin HU Wan-li QIN Xiao-hui MA Xing-wang YAN Chang-rong WANG Hong-yuan Key Laboratory of Nonpoint Source Pollution Control Ministry of Agriculture/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional PlanningChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences institute of agricultural environment and resources Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences Protection Station of agricultural resources and environment Xinjiang Agricultural Department institute of Soil Fertilizer and Water Saving Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences institute of environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Pollution of residual plastic film in arable lands is a severe problem in China. In this study, the status of residual film and influential factors were investigated using the methods of farm survey in combination with questionnaires and quadrat sampling at a large number of field sites in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China. The results showed that the amount of film utilization increased largely and reached to 1.8×10~5 t in 2013. Similarly, the mulching area also substantially increased in recent decades, and reached to 2.7×10~5 ha in the same year. According to the current survey, 60.7% of the sites presented a greater mulch residue than the national film residue standard（75 kg ha^（–1））, and the maximum residual amount reached 502.2 kg ha^（–1） in Turpan, Xinjiang. The film thickness, the mulching time and the crop type all influenced mulch residue. The thickness of the film had significantly negative correlation with the amount of residual film（P0.05）, while the mulching years had significantly positive correlation with it（P0.05）. The total amount of residual film in Xinjiang was 3.43×105 t in 2011, which accounted for 15.3% of the cumulative dosage of mulching. Among all the crops, the cotton fields had the largest residual amount of mulch film（158.4 kg ha^（–1））, and also the largest contribution（2.6×10~5 tons） to the total amount of residual film in Xinjiang.

关键词： Xinjiang residual mulching film influential factor agricultural resources agricultural pollution

Significant loss of soil inorganic carbon at the continental scale

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National Science Review 2022年第2期9卷 13-20页

作者： Xiao-Dong Song Fei Yang Hua-Yong Wu Jing Zhang De-Cheng Li Feng Liu Yu-Guo Zhao Jin-Ling Yang Bing Ju Chong-Fa Cai Biao Huang Huai-Yu Long Ying Lu Yue-Yu Sui Qiu-Bing Wang Ke-Ning Wu Feng-Rong Zhang Ming-Kui Zhang Zhou Shi Wan-Zhu Ma Gang Xin Zhi-Ping Qi Qing-Rui Chang En Ci Da-Gang Yuan Yang-Zhu Zhang Jun-Ping Bai Jia-Ying Chen Jie Chen Yin-Jun Chen Yun-Zhong Dong Chun-Lan Han Ling Li Li-Ming Liu Jian-Jun Pan Fu-Peng Song Fu-Jun Sun Deng-Feng Wang Tian-Wei Wang Xiang-Hua Wei Hong-Qi Wu Xia Zhao Qing Zhou Gan-Lin Zhang State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Advanced agricultural Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences College of resources and environment Huazhong Agricultural University institute of agricultural resources and Regional Planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences College of Natural resources and environment South China Agricultural University Northeast institute of Geography and Agroecology Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Land and environment Shenyang Agricultural University School of Land Science and Technology China University of Geosciences College of Land Science and Technology China Agricultural University College of environmental and Resource Sciences Zhejiang University institute of Digital Agriculture Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences College of Agriculture Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University Tropical Crops Genetic resources institute Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences College of Natural resources and environment Northwest A & F University College of resources and environment Southwest University College of resources Sichuan Agricultural University College of resources and environment Hunan Agricultural University institute of agricultural Product Quality Standard and Testing Research Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences School of agricultural Sciences Zhengzhou University institute of Agriculture environment and resources Research Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences College of resources and environment Henan Agricultural University College of resources and environment China Agricultural University College of resources and environmental Sciences Nanjing Agricultural University College of resources and environment Shandong Agricultural University agricultural College Guangxi University College of Grassland and environment Science Xinjiang Agricultural University College of Geographical Science Qinghai Normal University

Widespread soil acidification due to atmospheric acid deposition and agricultural fertilization may greatly accelerate soil carbonate dissolution and ***,to date,few studies have addressed these ***,we use meta-analysis and nationwide-survey datasets to investigate changes in soil inorganic carbon(SIC) stocks in *** observe an overall decrease in SIC stocks in topsoil(0-30 cm)(11.33 g C m-2yr-1) from the 1980 s to the 2010 *** SIC stocks have decreased by～8.99±2.24%(1.37±0.37 Pg C).The average SIC losses across China(0.046 Pg C yr-1) and in cropland(0.016 Pg C yr-1) account for～17.6%-24.0% of the terrestrial C sink and 57.1% of the soil organic carbon sink in cropland,*** deposition and climate change have profound influences on SIC *** estimate that～19.12%-19.47% of SIC stocks will be further lost by *** consumption of SIC may offset a large portion of global efforts aimed at ecosystem carbon sequestration,which emphasizes the importance of achieving a better understanding of the indirect coupling mechanisms of nitrogen and carbon cycling and of effective countermeasures to minimize SIC loss.

关键词： China soil inorganic carbon stocks global change carbonate soil acidification

Effects of water level variations on the water quality of Huayang Lakes, China

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2025年第1期 173-188页

作者： AN Lesheng LIU Chun FAN Zhongya LIAO Kaihua WANG Wencai WANG Nan School of resources and environment Anqing Normal University South China institute of environmental Sciences Ministry of Ecology and Environment The Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences Nanjing Institute of Geography and LimnologyCAS

To explore water level variations and their dynamic influence on the water quality of Huayang Lakes, the water level from 1967 to 2023 and water quality from 2015 to 2023 were analyzed using the Mann–Kendall trend test, box plots, and violin plots. The results show a notable hydrological rhythm of water level alternation between dry and flood seasons in Huayang Lakes, with an average water level of 12.82 m and a monthly range of 11.21–17.24m. Since 2017, the water level of Huayang Rivers has shown a decreasing trend of –0.02 m/*** phosphorus(TP) has become the primary pollutant. The TP concentrations in Longgan Lake(the largest lake) during the dry, rising, flood, and retreating seasons from 2015 to 2023were 0.083, 0.061, 0.050, and 0.059 mg/L, respectively. The effect of water level on TP was mainly observed during the low-water period. When the water level in the dry season rose to 12.25 and 13.00 m, the percentage of TP exceeding 0.1 mg/L in Longgan Lake decreased to 55.8% and 33.3%, respectively. During the dry season, wind and wave disturbances caused the release of endogenous phosphorus in Huayang Lakes. This led to drastic fluctuations in TP concentration, reducing the correlation between water level and TP. When external control is limited, the water level during the dry season should be maintained between 12.25 and 13.0 m. Additionally, it is necessary to accelerate the restoration of submerged macrophyte species(such as Hydrilla verticillata and Vallisneria natans) in the Huayang Rivers.

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