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Metrological traceable calibration of organic carbon and elemental carbon based on laboratory-generated reference materials

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2025年第3期149卷 524-534页

作者： Yue Liu Junjie Liu Ji Xiao Jing Ye Lixu Guo Caiqing Yan Center for Environmental Metrology National Institute of Metrology ChinaBeijing 100029China College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Taiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan 030024China Environment Research institute Shandong UniversityQingdao 266237China

Carbonaceous aerosol,including organic carbon(OC)and elemental carbon(EC),has significant influence on human health,air quality and climate *** measurement of carbonaceous aerosol is essential to reduce the uncertainty of radiative forcing estimation and source *** accurate separation of OC and EC is controversial due to the charring of ***,the development of reference materials(RM)for the validation of OC/EC separation is an important basis for further *** RMs were mainly based on ambient air sampling,which could not provide traceability of OC and EC *** develop traceable RMs with known OC/EC contents,our study applied an improved aerosol generation and mixing technique,providing uniform deposition of particles on quartz *** generate OC aerosol with similar pyrolytic property of ambient aerosol,both water soluble organic carbon(WSOC)and water insoluble organic carbon(WIOC)were used,and amorphous carbon was selected for EC *** RMs were analyzed using different *** homogeneity within the filter was validated,reaching below 2%.The long-term stability of RMs has been validated with RSD ranged from 1.7%–3.2%.Good correlationwas observed between nominal concentration of RMswithmeasured concentration by two protocols,while the difference of EC concentration was within 20%.The results indicated that the newly developed RMs were acceptable for the calibration of OC and EC,which could improve the accuracy of carbonaceous aerosol ***,the laboratory-generated EC-RMs could be suitable for the calibration of equivalent BC concentration by Aethalometers.

关键词： Carbonaceous aerosol Split point Reference material Laboratory-generated Traceability

Characteristics and phytotoxicity of hydrochar-derived dissolved organic matter:Effects of feedstock type and hydrothermal temperature

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2025年第3期149卷 139-148页

作者： Qianqian Lang Xuan Guo Chao Wang Lingyao Li Yufei Li Junxiang Xu Xiang Zhao Jijin Li Bensheng Liu Qinping Sun Guoyuan Zou institute of Plant Nutrition and Resources Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesBeijing 100097China

The dissolved organic matter(DOM)with high mobility and reactivity plays a crucial role in *** this study,the characteristics and phytotoxicity ofDOMreleased fromthe hydrochars prepared from different feedstocks(cowmanure,corn stalk and Myriophyllum aquaticum)under three hydrothermal carbonization(HTC)temperatures(180,200 and 220°C)were *** results showed that the hydrochars had high dissolved organic carbon content(20.15 to 37.65 mg/g)and its content showed a gradual reduction as HTC temperature *** fluorescent components including mixed substance of fulvic acid-like and humic acid-like substances(C1,30.92%-58.32%),UVA humic acid-like substance(C2,25.27%-29.94%)and protein-like substance(C3,11.74%-41.92%)were identified in hydrochar DOM by excitation emission matrix spectra coupled with parallel factor *** HTC temperature increased the relative proportion of aromatic substances(C1+C2)and humification degree of hydrochar DOM from cow manure,while it presented adverse effects on the hydrochar DOM from corn stalk and *** principal component analysis suggested that feedstock type and HTC temperature posed significant effects on the characteristics of hydrochar ***,seed germination test of all hydrochar DOM demonstrated that the root length was reduced by 8.88%-26.43%in contrast with control,and the germination index values were 73.57%-91.12%.These findings provided new insights into the potential environmental effects for hydrochar application in soil.

关键词： Hydrochar Hydrothermal temperature Dissolved organic matter Excitation emission matrix Parallel factor analysis Phytotoxicity

Host cytoskeleton and membrane network remodeling in the regulation of viral replication

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生物物理学报（英文） 2025年第1期11卷 34-45页

作者： Xuedi Gao Xinming Chen Letian Yu Shuangshuang Zhao Yaming Jiu Unit of Cell Biology and Imaging Study of Pathogen Host Interaction The Center for Microbes Development and Health Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200031 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan 430071 China

Viral epidemics pose major threats to global health and economies. A hallmark of viral infection is the reshaping of host cell membranes and cytoskeletons to form organelle-like structures, known as viral factories, which support viral genome replication. Viral infection in many cases induces the cytoskeletal network to form cage-like structures around viral factories, including actin rings, microtubule cages, and intermediate filament cages. Viruses hijack various organelles to create these replication factories, such as viroplasms, spherules, double-membrane vesicles, tubes, and nuclear viral factories. This review specifically examines the roles of cytoskeletal elements and the endomembrane system in material transport, structural support, and biochemical regulation during viral factory formation. Furthermore, we discuss the broader implications of these interactions for viral replication and highlight potential future research directions.

关键词： Viral replication factory Cytoskeleton Actin filaments Microtubules Intermediate filaments Rearrangement of cellular membranes

Dibutyl phthalate disrupts[Ca^(2+)]_(i),reactive oxygen species,[pH]_(i),protein kinases and mitochondrial activity,impairing sperm function

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2025年第5期151卷 68-78页

作者： Seung Hyun Park Myung Chan Gye Department of Life Science and institute for Natural Sciences Hanyang UniversitySeoul 04763Republic of Korea

To explore the mechanism of sperm dysfunction caused by dibutyl phthalate(DBP),the effects of DBP on intracellular[Ca^(2+)]and[pH],reactive oxygen species(ROS),lipid peroxidation(LPO),mitochondrial permeability transition pore(mPTP)opening,mitochondrial membrane potential(MMP),adenosine triphosphate(ATP)levels,phosphorylation of protein kinase A(PKA)substrate proteins and phosphotyrosine(p-Tyr)proteins,sperm motility,spontaneous acrosome reaction,and tail bending were examined in mouse *** 100μg/mL,DBP significantly increased tail bending and[Ca^(2+)]***,DBP showed biphasic effects on[pH]*** at 10–100μg/mL significantly decreased sperm ***,Ca^(2+)ionophore A23187 decreased[pH]_(i)sperm motility,suggesting that DBP-induced excessive[Ca^(2+)]_(i)decreased sperm *** significantly increased ROS and *** at 100μg/mL significantly decreased mPTP closing,MMP,and ATP levels in spermatozoa,as did H2O2,indicative of ROS-mediatedmitochondrial dysfunction caused by *** as well as H2O2 increased p-Tyr sperm proteins and phosphorylated PKA substrate sperm *** at 1–10μg/mL significantly increased the spontaneous acrosome reaction,suggesting that DBP can activate sperm ***,DBP showed a biphasic effect on intracellular signaling in *** concentrations relevant to seminal ortho-phthalate levels,DBP activates[pH]i,protein tyrosine kinases and PKA via physiological levels of ROS generation,potentiating sperm *** at high doses excessively raises[Ca^(2+)]_(i)and ROS and disrupts[pH]i,impairing the mitochondrial function,tail structural integrity,and sperm motility.

关键词： Dibutyl phthalate Reactive oxygen species(ROS) [Ca^(2+)]_(i) [pH]_(i) Mitochondria Protein kinases Sperm

Honeycomb-spiderweb-inspired self-similar hybrid cellular structures for impact applications

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Defence Technology(防务技术) 2025年第1期43卷 182-200页

作者： K.Tewari M.K.Pandit M.M.Mahapatra P.R.Budarapu School of Mechanical Sciences Indian Institute of Technology BhubaneswarBhubaneswar752050India

Inspired by nature's self-similar designs,novel honeycomb-spiderweb based self-similar hybrid cellular structures are proposed here for efficient energy absorption in impact *** energy absorption is enhanced by optimizing the geometry and topology for a given *** proposed hybrid cellular structure is arrived after a thorough analysis of topologically enhanced self-similar *** optimized cell designs are rigorously tested considering dynamic loads involving crush and high-velocity bullet ***,the influence of thickness,radial connectivity,and order of patterning at the unit cell level are also *** maximum crushing efficiency attained is found to be more than 95%,which is significantly higher than most existing traditional *** on,the first and second-order hierarchical self-similar unit cell designs developed during crush analysis are used to prepare the cores for sandwich *** tests are performed on the developed sandwich structures using the standard 9-mm *** influence of multistaging on impact resistance is also investigated by maintaining a constant total thickness and mass of the sandwich ***,in order to avoid layer-wise weak zones and hence,attain a uniform out-of-plane impact strength,off-setting the designs in each stage is *** sandwich structures with first and second-order self-similar hybrid cores are observed to withstand impact velocities as high as 170 m/s and 270 m/s,respectively.

关键词： Sandwich structures Honeycomb-spider web inspired Self-similar hierarchy Crush analysis High-velocity impact Strong and weak zones Multistaging

Residual symmetry and interactions between solitons and periodic waves of the Drinfeld-Sokolov-Satsuma-Hirota system

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2025年第1期77卷 1-10页

作者： Jie-tong Li Jun Yu Xi-zhong Liu institute of Nonlinear Science Shaoxing UniversityShaoxing 312000China

In this paper,the Drinfeld-Sokolov-Satsuma-Hirota(DSSH)system is studied by using residual symmetry and the consistent Riccati expansion(CRE)method,*** residual symmetry of the DSSH system is localized to Lie point symmetry in a properly prolonged system,based on which we get a new Bäcklund transformation for this *** symmetry reduction solutions of the DSSH system are obtained by applying the classical Lie group approach on the prolonged ***,the DSSH system proves to be CRE integrable and new interesting interaction solutions between solitons and periodic waves are generated and analyzed.

关键词： Drinfeld-Sokolov-Satsuma-Hirota system residual symmetry consistent Riccati expansion

Advances in flexible weak-light detectors based on perovskites:preparation,optimization,and application

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Journal of Semiconductors 2025年第1期46卷 144-164页

作者： Yaqian Yang Ying Li Di Chen Guozhen Shen School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China

Photodetectors with weak-light detection capabilities play an indispensable role in various crucial fields such as health monitors,imaging,optical communication,and ***,the detection of weak light signals is often severely interfered by multiple factors such as background light,dark noise and circuit noise,making it difficult to accurately capture *** traditional technologies like silicon photomultiplier tubes excel in sensitivity,their high cost and inherent fragility restrict their widespread *** this background,perovskite materials have rapidly emerged as a research focus in the field of photodetection due to their simple preparation processes and exceptional optoelectronic *** only are the preparation processes of perovskite materials straightforward and cost-effective,but more importantly,they can be flexibly integrated into flexible and stretchable *** characteristic significantly compensates for the shortcomings of traditional rigid electronic devices in specific application scenarios,opening up entirely new possibilities for photodetection ***,recent advances in perovskite light detection technology are ***,the chemical and physical properties of perovskite materials are discussed,highlighting their remarkable advantages in weak-light ***,the review systematically organizes various preparation techniques of perovskite materials and analyses their advantages in different application ***,from the two core dimensions of performance improvement and light absorption enhancement,the key strategies of improving the performance of perovskite weak-light photodetectors are ***,the review concludes with a brief summary and a discussion on the potential challenges that may arise in the further development of perovskite devices.

关键词： perovskite weak-light photodetector flexible

Increased contribution of microbial necromass to soil organic carbon in solar farms on the Tibetan Plateau

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Journal of Mountain Science 2025年第1期22卷 184-197页

作者： ZHANG Xiyu ZHOU Jun CHEN Yang FAN Jianrong institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610299China

Solar farms have been rapidly expanding on the Qinghai-Tibetan ***,the effects of photovoltaic arrays on the contribution of microbial necromass carbon(MNC)to soil organic carbon(SOC),along with the underlying mechanisms,remain *** address this,we collected soil samples from the top 20 cm in under-panel,inter-panel and control plots at five solar farms constructed between 2012 and 2014 in the dry Yarlung Tsangpo and Lhasa River valleys on the Qinghai-Tibetan *** determined SOC,fungal and bacterial necromass and relevant soil *** found that the concentration of MNC in the under-panel plots(3.93±0.79 mg g-1)was significantly higher compared to the control plots(2.28±0.79 mg g-1)across all five solar *** proportion of MNC to SOC in the under-panel plots(34.7±2.4%)was also significantly higher than that in the control plots(27.5±1.4%).Specifically,the contribution of fungal necromass to SOC in the under-panel plots(26.4±2.2%)was significantly larger than that in the control plots(19.7±1.6%),while the increase in the bacterial necromass proportion was *** least squares structural equation modeling(PLS-SEM)indicated a significant and positive effect of increased soil moisture in the under-panel plots on the proportion of fungal necromass to *** results highlight that beyond their economic benefits,solar farms in the arid regions on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau can enhance soil C sequestration by improving soil moisture and promoting microbial necromass accumulation.

关键词： Photovoltaic power station Fungal necromass Bacterial necromass Microbial residues Yarlung Tsangpo Arid river valley

Design strategies and insights of flexible infrared optoelectronic sensors

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Journal of Semiconductors 2025年第1期46卷 21-56页

作者： Yegang Liang Wenhao Ran Dan Kuang Zhuoran Wang School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China

Infrared optoelectronic sensing is the core of many critical applications such as night vision,health and medication,military,space exploration,*** including mechanical flexibility as a new dimension enables novel features of adaptability and conformability,promising for developing next-generation optoelectronic sensory applications toward reduced size,weight,price,power consumption,and enhanced performance(SWaP^(3)).However,in this emerging research frontier,challenges persist in simultaneously achieving high infrared response and good mechanical deformability in devices and integrated ***,we perform a comprehensive review of the design strategies and insights of flexible infrared optoelectronic sensors,including the fundamentals of infrared photodetectors,selection of materials and device architectures,fabrication techniques and design strategies,and the discussion of architectural and functional integration towards applications in wearable optoelectronics and advanced image ***,this article offers insights into future directions to practically realize the ultra-high performance and smart sensors enabled by infrared-sensitive materials,covering challenges in materials development and device micro-/*** for scaling these techniques across fabrication,performance,and integration are presented,alongside perspectives on potential applications in medication and health,biomimetic vision,and neuromorphic sensory systems,etc.

关键词： flexible infrared sensor infrared-sensitive materials device architectures fabrication techniques design strategies