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Risk Factors in Surgical Site Infections

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Surgical Science 2024年第2期15卷 64-80页

作者： Atilla Duran Hüseyin Gülay Mustafa Cem terzi Department of General Surgery Mersin City Training and Research Hospital Mersin Türkiye Department of General Surgery Baskent University Ankara Türkiye Department of General Surgery Acibadem Kent Hastanesi Izmir Türkiye

Purpose of the Research: Our study aimed to determine and understand the risk factors of surgical site infections in patients operated on in general surgery wards. Method of Research: Between May 2008 and November 2008, 422 consecutive patients who underwent emergency and elective surgeries, excluding breast, goitre and laparoscopic surgeries, were included in the study to determine surgical site infections and risk factors. the patients’ risk factors were selected in the preoperative period, and postoperative 3rd, 7th, and 30th days were checked by the physician responsible for conducting the study regarding surgical site infection. Results and Conclusion: Surgical site infections were defined as incisional and organ/space based on NNIS data. Gender, diabetes mellitus, malignancy, degree of contamination, ASA score ≥ 3, preoperative skin cleansing, duration of intensive care unit stay, duration of hospital stay, growth in wound culture, duration of surgery and incision length were determined as risk factors increasing CAI rates. Especially the degree of contamination, duration of intensive care unit stay, hospitalisation, duration of operation, and growth in wound culture were decisive factors in the development of CAI. As a result of our study, in the light of these data, we concluded that to prevent the development of CAI can be modified, interventions to foreseeable factors can be assessed.

关键词： Infection CAI Risk Patient

Advancements in nanofluidics:Unveiling the dynamics of nanoconfined water and its implications for emerging technologies

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第10期67卷 172-174页

作者： Bohayra Mortazavi Ali Akbar Zinatizadeh Institute of Photonics Department of Mathematics and PhysicsLeibniz Universität HannoverWelfengarten 1AHannover 30167Germany Cluster of Excellence PhoenixD Leibniz Universität HannoverWelfengarten 1AHannover 30167Germany Department of Applied Chemistry Faculty of ChemistryRazi UniversityKermanshah 67144-14971Iran Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology(ACWEB formerly AWMC)Gehrmann BuildingThe University of QueenslandBrisbane 4072Australia

Over the past two decades,nanofluidics[1]has emerged as a pivotal field with profound implications across various disciplines,including fluid mechanics,condensed matter physics,engineering,materials science,and *** confining and manipulating liquids,gases,ions,and other complex fluids at the nanoscale,nanofluidics enables unprecedented control over their behavior and properties.

关键词： properties fluid dynamics

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Customized scaffolds for large bone defects using 3D‑printed modular blocks from 2D‑medical images

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Bio-Design and Manufacturing 2024年第1期7卷 74-87页

作者： Anil AAcar Evangelos Daskalakis Paulo Bartolo Andrew Weightman Glen Cooper Gordon Blunn Bahattin Koc Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences Sabanci UniversityIstanbul 34956Türkiye D Bioprinting Laboratory Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application CenterIstanbul 34956Türkiye School of Mechanical Aerospace and Civil EngineeringManchester Institute of BiotechnologyUniversity of ManchesterManchester M139PLUK Singapore Centre for 3D Printing School of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 639798Singapore School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences University of PortsmouthPortsmouth PO12UPUK

Additive manufacturing(AM)has revolutionized the design and manufacturing of patient-specific,three-dimensional(3D),complex porous structures known as scaffolds for tissue engineering *** use of advanced image acquisition techniques,image processing,and computer-aided design methods has enabled the precise design and additive manufacturing of anatomically correct and patient-specific implants and ***,these sophisticated techniques can be timeconsuming,labor-intensive,and ***,the necessary imaging and manufacturing equipment may not be readily available when urgent treatment is needed for trauma *** this study,a novel design and AM methods are proposed for the development of modular and customizable scaffold blocks that can be adapted to fit the bone defect area of a *** modular scaffold blocks can be combined to quickly form any patient-specific scaffold directly from two-dimensional(2D)medical images when the surgeon lacks access to a 3D printer or cannot wait for lengthy 3D imaging,modeling,and 3D printing during *** proposed method begins with developing a bone surface-modeling algorithm that reconstructs a model of the patient’s bone from 2D medical image measurements without the need for expensive 3D medical imaging or *** algorithm can generate both patient-specific and average bone ***,a biomimetic continuous path planning method is developed for the additive manufacturing of scaffolds,allowing porous scaffold blocks with the desired biomechanical properties to be manufactured directly from 2D data or *** algorithms are implemented,and the designed scaffold blocks are 3D printed using an extrusion-based AM *** and instructions are also provided to assist surgeons in assembling scaffold blocks for the self-repair of patient-specific large bone defects.

关键词： Additive manufacturing Modular scaffolds Large bone defect Customized scaffold design Patient-specific scaffolds

Like a G6-nal:transcriptional control of G-protein coupled receptors during oligodendroglial development

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 2001-2002页

作者： tim Aberle Michael Wegner Institut für Biochemie Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergErlangenGermany

Multilayered control of myelination:Quick,saltatory conduction of action potentials along nerve fibers requires the electrical insulation of axons by myelinating *** the central nervous system,this role is taken up by *** are marked by the expression of the lineage determinants Sox10 and Olig2 and arise from oligodendrocyte precursor cells(OPCs)during embryonal *** the majority of OPCs differentiate into mature oligodendrocytes when nearby axonal segments require myelination,a small subpopulation of OPCs persist as a progenitor ***,the timing of myelination and maintenance of the OPC pool both need to be precisely *** transcription factors either positively or negatively affect oligodendrocyte differentiation and maintenance of the OPC pool as components of a complex gene regulatory network(reviewed in Sock and Wegner,2021).Network activity is additionally influenced by extracellular signaling molecules that bind to receptors on the oligodendroglial cell surface and activate intracellular signaling *** the receptors are linked to the network is poorly understood so far,but pivotal to understanding the overall regulation of central nervous system(CNS)myelination in response to environmental *** insights were recently gained for Gpr37(Schmidt et al.,2024),a G-protein coupled receptor(GPCR)with known relevance in differentiating oligodendrocytes(Yang et al,2016).

关键词： gained insulation conduction

Epitranscriptomic Regulation of NMDA Receptors Rears its Ugly Head in Chemotherapy-Induced Neuropathic Pain

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2024年第8期40卷 1209-1211页

作者： Wing Lam Yu Gerald W.Zamponi Department of Clinical Neurosciences Hotchkiss Brain InstituteAlberta Children's Hospital Research InstituteUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAB T2N 4N1Canada

number of different cancer chemotherapy agents such as cisplatin,oxaliplatin,and paclitaxel can lead to nerve damage,thereby giving rise to neuropathic pain states that present with mechanical and cold allodynia[1].Although these pain conditions often resolve after completion of the chemotherapy,a significant portion of patients exhibit longlasting pain that can persist longer than 12 months with a negative impact on the quality of life of affected individuals[1].

关键词： chemotherapy pain damage

Optimal Design of Hybrid Microgrid in Isolated Communities of Ecuador

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2024年第2期12卷 488-499页

作者： Luis A.Pesantes Ruben Hidalgo-León Johnny Rengifo Miguel torres Jorge Aragundi JoséCordova-Garcia Luis F.Ugarte Facultad de Ingeniería en Electricidad y Computación of Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral(ESPOL)University GuayaquilEcuador Department of Electrical Engineering at Universidad técnica Federico Santa María SantiagoChile IEEE

In rural territories, the communities use energy sources based on fossil fuels to supply themselves with electricity, which may address two main problems: greenhouse gas emissions and high fuel prices. Hence, there is an opportunity to include renewable resources in the energy mix. this paper develops an optimization model to determine the optimal sizing, the total annual investment cost in renewable generation, and other operating costs of the components of a hybrid microgrid. By running a k-means clustering algorithm on a meteorological dataset of the community under study, the hourly representative values become input parameters in the proposed optimization model. the method for the optimal design of hybrid microgrid is analyzed in six operating scenarios considering:(1) 24-hour continuous power supply;(2) load shedding percentage;(3) diesel power generator(genset) curtailment;(4) the worst meteorological conditions;(5) the use of renewable energy sources including battery energy storage systems(BESSs);and(6) the use of genset. A mathematical programming language(AMPL) tool is used to find solutions of the proposed optimization model. Results show that the total costs of microgrid in the scenarios that cover 100% of the load demand(without considering the scenario with 100% renewables) increase by over 16% compared with the scenario with genset operation limitation. For the designs with power supply restrictions, the total cost of microgrid in the scenario with load shedding is reduced by over 27% compared with that without load shedding.

关键词： Battery energy storage system(BESS) isolated community microgrid renewable energy optimization

Enhanced Fuzzy Logic Control Model and Sliding Mode Based on Field Oriented Control of Induction Motor

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World Journal of Engineering and technology 2024年第1期12卷 65-79页

作者： Alaa tahhan Feyzullah temurtaş Bandirma Onyedi Eylul Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Bandirma Türkiye AINtELLA Artificial Intelligence technologies Company Bursa Türkiye

In the context of induction motor control, there are various control strategies used to separately control torque and flux. One common approach is known as Field-Oriented Control (FOC). this technique involves transforming the three-phase currents and voltages into a rotating reference frame, commonly referred to as the “dq” frame. In this frame, the torque/speed and flux components are decoupled, allowing for independent control, by doing so, the motor’s speed can be regulated accurately and maintain a constant flux which is crucial to ensure optimal motor performance and efficiency. the research focused on studying and simulating a field-oriented control system using fuzzy control techniques for an induction motor. the aim was to address the issue of parameter variations, particularly the change in rotor resistance during motor operation, which causes the control system to deviate from the desired direction. this deviation implies to an increase in the magnetic flux value, specifically the flux component on the q-axis. By employing fuzzy logic techniques to regulate flux vector’s components in the dq frame, this problem was successfully resolved, ensuring that the magnetic flux value remains within the nominal limits. to enhance the control system’s performance, response speed, and efficiency of the motor, sliding mode controllers were implemented to regulate the current in the inner loop. the simulation results demonstrated the proficiency of the proposed methodology.

关键词： Induction Motor Vector Control Fuzzy Logic Control Sliding Mode

Magnetic and quadrupole moments of the Z_(c)(4020)^(+),Z_(c)(4050)^(+),and Z_(c)(4600)^(+)states in the diquark-antidiquark picture

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Chinese Physics C 2024年第1期48卷 7-16页

作者： Ulaş Özdem Health Services Vocational School of Higher Education Istanbul Aydin UniversitySefakoy-Kucukcekmece34295 IstanbulTürkiye

the magnetic and quadrupole moments of the Z_(c)(4020)^(+),Z_(c)(4050)^(+),and Z_(c)(4600)^(+)states are calculated within the QCD light-cone sum *** compact diquark-antidiquark interpolating currents and the distribution amplitudes of the on-shell photon are used to extract the magnetic and quadrupole moments of these *** magnetic moments are acquired asμZ_(c)=0.50+0.22−0.22μN,μZ_(c)^(1)=1.22+0.34−0.32μN,andμZ_(c)^(2)=2.40+0.53−0.48μN for the Z_(c)(4020)^(+),Z_(c)(4050)^(+),and Z_(c)(4600)^(+)states,*** magnetic moments evaluated for the Z_(c)4020)+,Z_(c)(4050)+,and Z_(c)(4600)+states are sufficiently large to be experimentally *** magnetic moment is an excellent platform for studying the internal structure of hadrons governed by the quark-gluon dynamics of QCD because it is the leading-order response of a bound system to a weak external magnetic *** quadrupole moment results are DZ_(c)=(0.20+0.05−0.04)×10^(−3)fm^(2),DZ_(c)^(1)=(0.57+0.07−0.08)×10^(−3)fm^(2),and DZ_(c)^(2)=(0.30+0.05−0.04)×10^(−3)fm^(2)for the Z_(c)(4020)^(+),Z_(c)(4050)^(+),and Z_(c)(4600)^(+)states,*** obtain a non-zero,but small,value for the quadrupole moments of the Z_(c)states,which indicates a non-spherical charge *** nature and internal structure of these states can be elucidated by comparing future experimental data on the magnetic and quadrupole moments of the Z_(c)(4020)^(+),Z_(c)(4050)^(+),and Z_(c)(4600)^(+)states with the results of the present study.

关键词： hidden-charm tetraquark states electromagnetic form factors magnetic and quadrupole moments QCD light-cone sum rules

Virtual Element Method for the Elastic transmission Eigenvalue Problem with Equal Elastic tensors

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2024年

作者： Jian Meng Bing-Bing Xu Fang Su Xu Qian Songhe Song Department of Mathematics College of Science National University of Defense Technology Institute of Continuum Mechanics Leibniz Universit?t Hannover

the elastic transmission eigenvalue problem is fundamental to the qualitative methods for inverse scattering involving penetrable obstacles. Although simply stated as a coupled pair of elastodynamic wave equations, the elastic transmission eigenvalue problem is neither self-adjoint nor elliptic. the aim of this work is to provide a systematic spectral approximation analysis for the VEM of the elastic transmission eigenvalue problem with equal elastic tensors. Considering standard assumptions on polygonal/polyhedral meshes, we prove the stability analysis of the associated VEM bilinear forms, which shall be applied to the well-defined property of the discrete solution *** the correct approximation of spectrum for the proposed VEM scheme is proven. Necessitated by supporting the convergence analysis, a series of numerical examples are reported. In addition, some negative points of the current VEM scheme are considered, including the locking phenomenon and the influence of VEM stabilization parameters. thanks to the flexibility of construction for the VEM space, the locking-free and stabilization-free VEM approaches are utilized to tackle with these negative aspects.

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