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Rhizosphere Soil Microbial Characteristics and Enzyme Activities under Cajanus cajan and Milletia laurentii Grown in Scientific Center of Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo

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Open Journal of Applied sciences 2025年第1期15卷 220-238页

作者： Irene Marie Cécile Mboukou-Kimbatsa Angélique Esperance Lembella Boumba Alvychelle Benith Banga Augustin Aimé Lebonguy Joseph Goma-Tchimbakala Ecole Nationale Suprieure dAgronomie et de Foresterie Universit Marien NGOUABI Brazzaville Rpublique du Congo institut Nationale de Recherche en sciences Exactes et Naturelles Brazzaville Rpublique du Congo Facult des sciences et Techniques Universit Marien NGOUABI Brazzaville Rpublique du Congo

This study was conducted at the scientific center of Brazzaville. The objective was to assess the microbial characteristics and enzymes activities in the rhizosphere soil of Cajanus cajan and Milletia lauurentii. These plants have great importance in food and forestry. Microbial diversity management in the rhizosphere is the key for sustainable crop production or forest durability. DNA metagenomic sequencing was used to analyze the whole bacterial diversity, the microbial biomass was determinate by the fumigation-extraction method and the enzymes by the p-nitrophenol-β-D-glucoside for β-glucosidase, the p-nitrophenyl-N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminide for β-Glucosaminidase. Dehydrogenase and acid phosphatase were quantified using 2,3,5-tryphenyl tetrazolium chloride and p-nitophenylphosphate respectively. The results show that, in Cajanus cajan culturable bacteria genera were mainly Acidobacterium, Skermanella, Rhodoplanes, Bacillus, Chloroflexus, Steroidobacter, Sphingomonas and Bradyrhizobium while in Milletia laurentii: Rhodoplanes, Bradyrhizobium, Bacillus, Sphingobacterium, Acidobacterium, Mesorhizobium, Nitrospira were the principal genera. In the two rhizosphere soils investigated, the uncultured bacteria exhibited relatively higher abundance, often for the same genera, than culturable bacteria. Metagenomic studies have revealed more bacterial diversity in each compared to when culturable bacteria were taken into account alone. The MBC and MBN were higher in the rhizosphere of Milletia than in rhizosphere of Cajanus. The same trend was observed with the enzyme activities. PCA of culturable and NMDS of unculturable soil bacteria genera shows that factors mainly involved in the carbon cycle such as MBC, members of the microbial community i.e. Acidobacterium, Skermanella, Chloroflexus, sand, C, β-glucosaminidase and dehydrogenase, were strongly correlated with Cajanus cajan. On the other hand, the MBN, Mesorhizobium, Bradyrhizobium, Burkholderia, Nitrospira, Nitratiredu

关键词： Metagenomic Microbial Diversity Uncultured Bacteria Microbial Biomass Enzyme

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Exploring Malnutrition Risk among Infants under Five Years in Guéra Province, Chad: A Cross-Sectional Study

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Food and Nutrition sciences 2025年第1期16卷 95-119页

作者： Nassaradine Macki Minawir Donatien Serge Mbaga Mahamat Béchir Bernard Sodio Alpha Seydou Yaro cole Doctorale des sciences et des Technologies du Mali Universit des Sciences des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako (USTTB) Bamako Mali cole Suprieure des sciences de la Sant Siantou Institut Universitaire Siantou Yaound Cameroon Facult des sciences de la Sant Humaine Universit de N'Djamna N'Djamna Chad Laboratoire dEntomologie-Parasitologie Facult des Sciences et Techniques (FST) Universit des Sciences des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako (USTTB) Bamako Mali Malaria Research and Training Center Point G Facult de Mdecine et dOdontostomatologie (FMOS) Universit des Sciences des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako (USTTB) Bamako Mali

Background: Malnutrition, a serious public health concern, is influenced by various factors. Objective: The study aims to explore malnutrition issues among infants under five years old in Guéra Province. Methods: The study used a cross-sectional design and a two-stage cluster sampling method to select participants. The study population was infants aged between 0 - 24 months. Data collection was done between June 2023 and September 2024;it included anthropometric measurements, blood analyses, and interviews. Anthropometric parameters were calculated using ENA for SMART software. Statistical analyses were performed by R Studio to investigate associations between different characteristics, using logistic regression models to identify risk factors. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The study included 377 infants in eight villages in Guéra Province, Chad. The sample was predominantly girls (55.3%), with a median age of 16 months. Most infants (94%) were mixed-fed, and only 6% were exclusively breastfed. We found that 7.3% of children were globally malnourished, with higher rates in boys 9.6%. A significant disparity existed between boys and girls in global acute malnutrition (GAM) rates, with boys having a higher prevalence of 17.9%. A substantial proportion of Infants were underweight, with males 27.4%. Stunting was prevalent 20.1%. Several factors were associated with malnutrition, including gender, feeding practices, infectious diseases, and socioeconomic factors. Diarrhea, malaria, limited access to drinking water, and early diet diversification were significantly associated with malnutrition. Conclusion: Targeted interventions are necessary to address these issues and improve the nutritional status of children in the Guéra province.

关键词： Malnutrition Undernutrition Overnutrition Stunting Wasting Infant

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Steam Methane Reforming(SMR)Combined with Ship Based Carbon Capture(SBCC)for an Efficient Blue Hydrogen Production on Board Liquefied Natural Gas(LNG)Carriers

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Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing 2025年第1期21卷 71-85页

作者： Ikram Belmehdi Boumedienne Beladjine Mohamed Djermouni Amina Sabeur Mohammed El Ganaoui Laboratoire des sciences et Ingénierie Maritimes Facultéde Génie MécaniqueUniversitédes Sciences et de la Technologie d’Oran Mohammed BoudiafOran31000Algérie Laboratoire LERMAB IUT Henri Poincaréde Longwy Universitéde LorraineCosnes et RomainLongwy54400France

The objective of this study is to propose an optimal plant design for blue hydrogen production aboard a liquefiednatural gas(LNG)*** investigation focuses on integrating two distinct processes—steam methanereforming(SMR)and ship-based carbon capture(SBCC).The first refers to the common practice used to obtainhydrogen from methane(often derived from natural gas),where steam reacts with methane to produce hydrogenand carbon dioxide(CO_(2)).The second refers to capturing the CO_(2) generated during the SMR process on *** capturing and storing the carbon emissions,the process significantly reduces its environmental impact,making the hydrogen production“blue,”as opposed to“grey”(which involves CO_(2) emissions without capture).For the SMR process,the analysis reveals that increasing the reformer temperature enhances both the processperformance and CO_(2) ***,a higher steam-to-carbon(s/c)ratio reduces hydrogen yield,therebydecreasing thermal *** study also shows that preheating the air and boil-off gas(BOG)before theyenter the combustion chamber boosts overall efficiency and curtails CO_(2) *** the SBCC process,puremonoethanolamine(MEA)is employed to capture the CO_(2) generated by the exhaust gases from the SMR *** results indicate that with a 90%CO_(2) capture rate,the associated heat consumption amounts to 4.6 MJ perkilogram of CO_(2) *** combined approach offers a viable pathway to produce blue hydrogen on LNGcarriers while significantly reducing the carbon footprint.

关键词： Carbon dioxide(CO_(2))emissions blue hydrogen boil-off gas(BOG) steam methane reforming(SMR) ship-based carbon capture(SBCC)

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Modeling of a Parabolic Cylindrical Solar Concentrator

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Open Journal of Applied sciences 2025年第1期15卷 53-69页

作者： Bati Ernest Boya Bi Kpeusseu Angeline Kouambla Epse Yeo Ekoun Paul Magloire Koffi Prosper Gbaha Laboratoire de Mcanique et sciences des Matriaux Groupe Energies Renouvelables Institut National Polytechnique Houphout Boigny Yamoussoukro Cte dIvoire

This work aims at the mathematical modeling of a parabolic trough concentrator, the numerical resolution of the resulting equation, as well as the simulation of the heat transfer fluid heating process. To do this, a thermal balance was established for the heat transfer fluid, the absorber and the glass. This allowed us to establish an equation system whose resolution was done by the finite difference method. Then, a computer program was developed to simulate the temperatures of the heat transfer fluid, the absorber tube and the glass as a function of time and space. The numerical resolution made it possible to obtain the temperatures of the heat transfer fluid, the absorber and the glass. The simulation of the fluid heating process was done in one-hour time steps, from six in the morning to six in the afternoon. The results obtained show that the temperature difference between the inlet and the outlet of the sensor is very significant. These results obtained, regarding the variation of the temperatures of the heat transfer fluid, the absorber and the glass, as well as the powers and efficiency of the parabolic trough concentrator and various factors, allow for the improvement of the performances of our prototype.

关键词： Modeling Simulation Parabolic Trough Concentrator Heat Transfer Fluid Temperature

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A Regional Structural Mapping Approach for Mineral Exploration: Application in the Southwestern Region of Burkina Faso

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Open Journal of Geology 2025年第1期15卷 1-21页

作者： Kalidou Traoré Benjamin Sawadogo Koffi Vincent de Paul Vodounnou Wilédio Marc-Emile Bonzi Georges Alassane Ouattara Morou François Ouédraogo Séta Naba Laboratoire de Godynamique et de Cartographie Universit des Sciences des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako Bamako Mali Laboratoire Gosciences et Environnement (LaGE) Dpartement des Sciences de la Terre Universit Joseph Ki-Zerbo Ouagadougou Burkina Faso institut Teng Tuuma Gosciences de Ouagadougou (ITTGO) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Universit Daniel Ouezzin Coulibaly Unit de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences Appliques et Technologies (UFR-SAT) Ddougou Burkina Faso

From a harmonized structural map at the scale of a portion of SW Burkina Faso (90 × 80 km2), we targeted prospective zones on the basis of structural criteria and structure-geology relationships. The map was constructed from an aeromagnetic image, and the geology was deduced from old geological maps. The procedure involved extracting the magnetic fabric and deducing the deformation gradients, which led to the identification of shear zones. Analysis and interpretation of the structural geometry of the obtained structural pattern led us to target areas of interference between structures or geology-structures interplays, which are conducive to the deposition of metallic elements. The subsequent overlay of known gold prospects and deposits documented in the region revealed the validity of the predefined prospects. This result reinforces the applicability of the methodology as a first-order regional approach to mineral exploration.

关键词： Magnetic Fabric Shear Zones Targeting Gold Mining Exploration sWAC Burkina Faso

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Assessment of a New Senegalese Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) Collection for Grain Yield and Tolerance to Anthracnose and Grain Molds

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American Journal of Plant sciences 2025年第1期16卷 1-10页

作者： Ghislain Kanfany Mame Diarra Sylla Cyril Diatta Mame Penda Sarr Souleymane Bodian Yedomon Ange Bovys Zoclanclounon Departement Productions Vgtales et Agronomie UFR des Sciences Agronomiques de lAquaculture et des Technologies Alimentaires (S2ATA) Universit Gaston Berger Saint-Louis Sngal Centre National de Recherches Agronomiques de Bambey (CNRA) Institut Sngalais de Recherches Agricoles Bambey Sngal Plant sciences and Bioeconomy Rothamsted Research Harpenden UK

Sorghum is an important cereal crop for smallholder farmers’ food security in many countries in West Africa. However, its production has stagnated due to several factors, such as anthracnose and grain molds. Thus, a study was conducted to identify local germplasms that combine high grain yield and resistance to anthracnose and grain molds under Senegalese environments. A set of 256 genotypes was assessed at Sefa, Sinthiou and Kolda research stations using an incomplete blocks design with two replications. Agro-morphological and phytopathological data were collected. The results revealed a huge phenotypic variation between the genotypes for all traits. The flowering time varied from 43 to 126 days after sowing, while the panicle length varied from 10 to 60 cm. The genotypes were generally more productive at Sinthiou (1653 Kg ha−1) compared to Kolda (164 kg ha−1) research stations. The disease parameters were significantly and positively associated, while the flowering time was strongly and positively associated to grain mold score. The genotypes were classified into three groups with plant height, panicle diameter and length, flowering time and grain mold score as the most discriminating parameters. The genotypes belonging to cluster 3, in addition of being more productive and more resistant to grain mold and anthracnose, have longer panicles. These genotypes present promising prospects for inclusion in breeding programs focused on advancing sorghum yield and disease resistance in Senegal.

关键词： Sorghum Grain Mold Anthracnose Yield Resistance

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On-Station Bioefficacy of Neem Seed Extract and Beauveria bassiana 115 for Managing Major Insect Pests of Cowpea in the Sahelian Region of Maradi, Niger

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Agricultural sciences 2025年第1期16卷 1-12页

作者： Laouali Amadou Souleymane Laminou Ousseina Abdoulaye Mahaman Nassirou Oumarou Roufai Yarifou Nana Hadiza Issa Labo Ramatou Bargui Abdoulaye Ibrahim Boukari Baoua Entomologie Laboratory II Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique du Niger Maradi Niger Centre Rgional de la Recherche Agronomique de Tahoua CERRA Tahoua Niger Faculty of Agronomy Universit Dan Dicko Dan Koulodo de Maradi Maradi Niger Facult des sciences Agronomiques Universit Boubacar B de Tillabry Tillabry Niger

Cowpea, Vigna unguiculata L. Walp, is an important food grain legume in Niger facing production losses due to insect pests. This study aims to determine the efficiency of non-chemical methods for managing these pests. A trial was conducted during the 2020 and 2022 cropping seasons at the INRAN station in the Maradi region. A Fischer experimental design with 6 repetitions was used to compare 4 treatments: synthetic chemical pesticide;the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana;aqueous extracts of neem seeds, and control. Observations were carried out every three days. The cowpea pod-sucking bug, pod borer, and thrips were the main insect pests recorded. In terms of effectiveness, the synthetic pesticide was the best treatment. It reduced insect pest densities by 71.35% to 90.40% in 2020 and by 35.11% to 42.13% in 2022. Grain yields varied between treatments. Neem seed extract followed the synthetic pesticide and significantly reduced insect infestations in both years. The synthetic pesticide and neem seed extract resulted in yields 3 to 5 times higher than the control treatment in 2020. By contrast, B. bassiana 115 and neem seed extract produced similar yields in 2022. Therefore, the results of this study showed that B. bassiana 115 and neem seed extract have insecticidal potential and could be used as an ecological alternative for managing cowpea insect pests in the Sahel.

关键词： Vigna unguiculata Biopesticide Cowpea Insect Pest Niger

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Schwarzschild black hole surrounded by a cloud of strings in the background of perfect fluid dark matter

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Chinese Physics C 2025年第02期 224-240页

作者： B.Hamil B.C.Lütfüo?lu Laboratoire de Physique Mathématique et Subatomique Faculté des Sciences ExactesUniversité Constantine 1 Department of Physics Faculty of ScienceUniversity of Hradec Kralove

This manuscript investigates a Schwarzschild black hole surrounded by perfect fluid dark matter embedded in a cloud of strings. The effects of its surroundings on thermodynamics, timelike and null geodesics, shadows,and quasinormal modes are analyzed. It is demonstrated that changes in spacetime, induced by the surrounding environment, significantly influence the stability, thermal phases, energy dynamics, particle trajectories, and observable features of the black hole's shadow, as well as its oscillation frequency and decay rate.

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Assessment of Health Risks Associated with Nitrate in Drinking Well Water: Case Study, M’Bahiakro (Central-Eastern Côte d’Ivoire)

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2025年第1期17卷 35-46页

作者： Hervé Achié N’cho Ruth Baï Euclide Kouadio N’Goran Kouadio Koffı Lazare Kouakou Kouassı Innocent Kouassi Kouamé Laboratoire de Gosciences et Environnement UFR Sciences et Gestion de lEnvironnement Universit Nangui Abrogoua Abidjan Cte dIvoire Laboratoire de sciences du Sol de lEau et des Gomatriaux UFR Sciences de la Terre et des Ressources Minires Universit Flix Houphouet Boigny Abidjan Cte dIvoire Laboratoire de Gnie de lEau et de lEnvironnement UFR Environnement Universit Jean Lorougnon Gud de Daloa Daloa Cte dIvoire

Nitrate contamination of groundwater is a worldwide problem, particularly in agricultural countries. Exposure to high levels of nitrates in groundwater can have adverse effects on the health of residents who use groundwater for drinking. This study aims to assess the health risk associated with the ingestion of nitrates in well water in the town of M’bahiakro. Health risk maps were created on the basis of hazard quotients (HQ) using the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) health risk assessment model. The results indicate that residents of the Koko, Dougouba and Baoulekro neighbourhoods, whatever their age, are potentially exposed to the toxic effects of NO3−during their daily intake of nitrate-contaminated well water, with reference to hazard quotients (HQ) greater than 1. Nitrate concentrations in the groundwater should therefore be controlled in order to prevent their harmful effects on the health of the population and guarantee its use in rice-growing activities in M’Bahiakro.

关键词： Nitrate Well Health Risks M’Bahiakro

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Isolation and Preliminary Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus Lytic Phages from Wastewater Environment in Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso, West Africa

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Advances in Microbiology 2025年第1期15卷 42-57页

作者： Kobo Gnada Michel Kiréopori Gomgnimbou Raymond Karlhis Yao Christiane Essoh Equipe Biologie Molculaire et Biotechnologies Laboratoire de Recherche Centre MURAZ Institut National de Sant Publique Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso. Ecole Doctorale sciences Naturelles et Agronomiques Universit Nazi BONI Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso. Centre dExcellence Africain en Innovations Biotechnologiques pour lElimination des Maladies Transmission Vectorielle (CEA/ITECH-MTV) Universit Nazi BONI Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso. institut Suprieur des sciences de la Sant (IN.S.SA) Universit Nazi BONI Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Facult des sciences Universit Peleforo Gon COULIBALY Korhogo Rpublique de Cte dIvoire.

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a bacterial pathogen for humans and animals. These bacteria can resist against many antibiotics and this resistance constitute an alarming worldwide human health threat due to the morbidity and mortality. Phage therapy is one of the alternative treatments. The aim of this study was to isolate and characterize lytic phages of S. aureus from different wastewater sources in Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso. Eight strains of S. aureus were isolated from different clinical samples and were used to isolate phages. The isolation and host range of phages were done by the spot test. Phages were purified by the double-layer method. Similar phages after the determination of the host range were characterized using restriction enzymes. A total of 27 phages were obtained after isolation and purification. Nine of the 27 isolates reported a broad host range (≥67%). The results of enzymatic digestion allowed to consider that all phage isolates that presented the same host range and the same genetic fingerprint are the same phage strain;whereas phages that presented the same host range and different genetic fingerprints are different phage strains. Thus, a total of 15 distinct phages isolates specific to S. aureus were characterized. This study highlighted the abundance and lytic capacity of phages isolated from wastewater from Bobo-Dioulasso’s environment against clinical strains of S. aureus. The lytic capacity of these Staphyphages could be an effective alternative tool to combat bacteria multi-resistance.

关键词： Staphylococcus aureus Lytic Phages Wastewater Isolation Burkina Faso

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