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Impact of past mining on public safety:seismicity in area of flooded abandoned coal Gardanne mine,France

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International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 2022年第6期9卷 101-111页

作者： dalija Namjesnik Jannes Kinscher Isabelle Contrucci Emmanuelle Klein institut National de l'environnement Industriel et des Risques Direction Sites Et TerritoiresNancyFrance

This paper focuses on the impact of past mining on public *** emphasizes the need to understand the induced seismic hazard and consequently improve the post-mining management procedures and legislations,as many mining sites are located in proximity to populated *** to many challenges and complexity of the post-mining environments,induced seismic hazard nowadays remains largely ***,the return experience of several post-mining sites in recent decades have shown us that the mine flooding and/or degradation of mining works can lead to the stress perturbations,inducing the seismicity and the reactivation of the surrounding geological ***,it is important to advance the seismic monitor-ing and research of seismicity in flooded post-mining *** the number of mine closures worldwide is rising,it can be expected that flooding induced reactivation of the surrounding faults becomes a more often observed *** present in this paper the experience of the abandoned flooded coal mine of Gardanne in France,which has been experiencing post-mining seismicity problems since its closure in *** show the results of a recent study of seismic multiplets and clustering of seismic events,as well as their spatio-temporal activity compared to meteorological *** results provide us new insights as well as lead to raising new questions on seismic sources and triggering mechanisms.

关键词： Post-mining seismicity Seismic origin Seismic hazard Multiplets Clusters

Mapping global forest biomass and its changes over the first decade of the 21st century

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Science China Earth sciences 2019年第3期62卷 585-594页

作者： Anping CHEN Shushi PENG Songlin FEI department of Forestry and Natural Resources Purdue University The Woods Hole Research Center laboratoire des sciences du Climat et de l'environnement(lSCE) CEA-CNRS-UVSQ

Forests played an important role in carbon sequestration during the past two decades. Using a model tree ensemble method(MTE) to regress the seven reflectance bands of EOS-Terra-MOdIS satellite data against country level forest biomass carbon density(BCd) of 2001–2005 provided by United Nations' s Forest Resource Assessment(FRA), we developed a global map of forest BCd at 1 km×1 km resolution for both 2001–2005 and 2006–2010. For 2006–2010, the total global forest biomass carbon stock is estimated as 279.6±7.1 Pg C, and the tropical forest biomass carbon stock is estimated as 174.4±5.4 Pg C. during the first decade of the 21 st century, we estimated an increase of global forest biomass of 0.28±0.75 Pg C yr^(-1). Tropical forest biomass carbon stock slightly decreased(-0.31±0.60 Pg C yr^(-1)); by contrast, temperate and boreal forest biomass increased(0.58±0.28 Pg C yr^(-1)) during the same period. Our estimation of the global forest biomass carbon stock and its changes is subject to uncertainties due to lack of extensive ground measurements in the tropics, spatial heterogeneity in large countries, and different definitions of forest. The continuously monitoring of forest biomass carbon stock with MOdIS satellite data will provide useful information for detecting forest changes.

关键词： Forest biomass Carbon stock Model tree ensemble(MTE) MOdIS Remote sensing

Sediment fingerprinting in fluvial systems:review of tracers,sediment sources and mixing models

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2013年第4期28卷 560-578页

作者： Arman HAddAdCHI darren S.RYdeR Olivier EVRARd Jon OllEY Australian Rivers institute Griffith University School of Environmental and Rural sciences University of New England laboratoire des sciences du Climat et de l'environnement(lSCE/IPSl)

Suspended sediments in fluvial systems originate from a myriad of diffuse and point sources,with the relative contribution from each source varying over time and *** process of sediment fingerprinting focuses on developing methods that enable discrete sediment sources to be identified from a composite sample of suspended *** review identifies existing methodological steps for sediment fingerprinting including fluvial and source sampling,and critically compares biogeochcmical and physical tracers used in fingerprinting *** of applying different mixing models to the same source data are explored using data from 41 catchments across Europe,Africa,Australia,Asia,and North and South *** application of seven commonly used mixing models to two case studies from the US(North Fork Broad River watershed) and France(BIcone watershed) with local and global(genetic algorithm) optimization methods identified all outputs remained in the acceptable range of error defined by the original *** propose future sediment fingerprinting studies use models that combine the best explanatory parameters provided by the modified Collins(using correction factors) and Hughes(relying on iterations involving all data,and not only their mean values) models with optimization using genetic algorithms to best predict the relative contribution of sediment sources to fluvial systems.

关键词： watershed fluvial sampling source tracing modeling local optimization genetic algorithm

Farmers' contributions to the conservation of tree diversity in the Groundnut Basin,Senegal

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Journal of Forestry Research 2017年第5期28卷 1083-1096页

作者： Antoine Sambou Bienvenu Sambou Anders R?bild department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management Faculty of ScienceUniversity of Copenhagen institut des sciences de l'environnement (ISE) Facultdes Sciences et TechniqueUniversitCheikh Anta Diop(UCAD)

Tree diversity in West Africa is threatened by intensified land uses and salinization, and farmers’ role in conservation of tree species is unclear. We hypothesized that farmers contribute to conservation of tree diversity through protection of trees in their agroforestry landscapes and compared the diversity and structure of the tree vegetation across landscape classes. Inventories were carried out in three villages in the Groundnut Basin in Senegal, assessing tree diversity, density and crown cover. Tree diversity as assessed by species accumulation curves was high in forests, but cultivated landscapes had comparable or almost comparable diversity, especially in the cases where the forest was planted or was affected by charcoal production. However, the occurrence of exotic species was higher in cultivated parts of the landscape, and although many species were in common, ordination plots indicated that forests and cultivated landscapes to some degree had different species composition. Salinity had a strong influence on vegetation, not only in the tans (salt marshes) but also across the other landscape classes. In conclusion, agroforestry landscapes in the three villages harbor considerable tree diversity, but insufficient to fully conserve the tree species. We argue that informing and including farmers in tree management in the region will contribute to overall conservation of tree genetic resources.

关键词： Tree diversity Conservation-landscape classes Environmental factors Groundnut Basin

Evolution of heat transport pathways in the Indonesian Archipelago during last deglaciation

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2002年第22期47卷 1912-1917页

作者： F.Guichard F.Bassinot l.labeyrie China University of Geosciences (Beijing) Beijing China laboratoire des sciences du Climat et de l’environnement Domaine du CNRS Gif-sur-Yvette France

The Indonesian Archipelago provides important heat transport pathways of the Western Pacific Warm Pool between the northern Indian Ocean and western equatorial Pacific Ocean, that exert important impacts on global climate change. This study investigated AMS 14C, δ18O, planktonic foraminifer assemblages and sedimentation rates in three piston cores collected in the Indonesian Archipelago. The results indicate that changes in the Indonesian Archipelago heat transport pathways were phase characteristic and in steps during the last deglaciation. In the deglaciation Termination IA, at about 12.5 kaBP, sea level rose rapidly in a short time period, and Makassar and lombok straits widened suddenly for warm and fresh water from the Pacific to pour into the Java Sea and eastern Indian Ocean. during the Termination IB, about 9.5 kaBP, sea level rose rapidly again, and the South China Sea (SCS) started to connect with the Java Sea. With monsoon actions, a large amount of fresh water from the SCS shelf area flew

关键词： Indonesian Archipelago last deglaciation heat transport pathways β18O planktonic foraminifer assemblages.

The B/Ca and Cd/Ca of a subsurface-dwelling foraminifera Pulleniatina obliquiloculata in the tropical Indo-Pacific Ocean: implications for the subsurface carbonate chemistry estimation

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2019年第3期38卷 138-150页

作者： Haowen dang Tingting Wang Peijun Qiao Franck Bassinot Zhimin Jian State Key laboratory of Marine Geology Tongji University laboratoire des sciences du Climat et de l'environnement/IPSl CEA-CNRS-UVSQ Université Paris-Saclay

Pulleniatina obliquiloculata shells from 16 core-top samples from the tropical Indo-Pacific Oceans are analyzed for the ratios of boron and cadmium to calcium(B/Ca and Cd/Ca). The B/Ca ratios show a very weak positive relationship with [B(OH)_4^-] and the dissolved carbonate species at the apparent calcification depth of ***. The boron partition coefficients(K_d) between P. obliquiloculata B/Ca and seawater[B(OH)_4^-]/[HCO_3^-] distribute around 1.1×10^(-3)-1.3×10^(-3) with a mean value of(1.19±0.12)×10^(-3),and are significantly related to the nutrient concentration, especially phosphate. The lack of any clear correlation between the P. obliquiloculata B/Ca and seawater carbonate chemical parameters suggests that the physiochemical controls on boron incorporation are masked by the complexity of natural seawater condition. But the significant dependence of Ku on nutrient may likely be explained by a nutrient related growth-rate effect. Cd/Ca of *** shows significant correlation with seawater phosphate concentration, and its partition coefficients(d_(cd)) are significantly related to temperature. A first-principle methodology of P. obliquiloculata B/Ca is applied;with the aid of Cd/Ca as a phosphate proxy and a constraint on K_d, to estimating sea water carbonate chemistry(e.g., pH). The results are fairly promising and allow us to propose the possibility to apply the combination of B/Ca and Cd/Ca proxies(and also Mg/Ca and δ^(18)O for estimating temperature and salinity) for the paleoreconstruction of seawater carbonate chemistry.

关键词： Pulleniatina obliquiloculata B/Ca Cd/Ca paleo-pH estimation

Soil and vegetation water content identify the main terrestrial ecosystem changes

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National Science Review 2023年第5期10卷 167-179页

作者： diego Bueso Maria Piles Philippe Ciais Jean-Pierre Wigneron álvaro Moreno-Martínez Gustau Camps-Valls Image Processing laboratory Universitat de València laboratoire des sciences du Climat et de l'environnement Université Paris Saclay INRA Centre de Bordeaux Aquitaine Image Processing laboratory Universitat deValència

Environmental change is a consequence of many interrelated *** vegetation responds to natural and human activity still needs to be well establishe d,quantified and *** cent satellite missions providing hydrologic and ecological indicators enable better monitoring of Earth system changes,yet there is no automatic way to address this issue directly from ***,we develop an observation-based methodology to capture evidence of changes in global terrestrial ecosystems and attribute these changes to natural or anthropogenic *** use the longest time record of global microwave l-band soil moisture and vegetation optical depth as satellite data and build spatially explicit maps of change in soil and vegetation water content and biomass reflecting large ecosystem changes during the last decade,*** of prominent trends(from-8% to 9% per year) are observed,especially in humid and semi-arid *** further combine such trends with land cover change maps,vegetation greenness and precipitation variability to assess their relationship with major documented ecosystem *** regions emerge from our *** cluster changes according to human activity drivers,including deforestation(Amazon,Central Africa) and wildfires(East Australia),artificial reforestation(South-East China),abandonment of farm fields(Central Russia) and climate shifts related to changes in precipitation variability(East Africa,North America and Central Argentina).Using the high sensitivity of soil and vegetation water content to ecosystem changes,microwave satellite observations enable us to quantify and attribute global vegetation responses to climate or anthropogenic activities as a direct measure of environmental changes and the mechanisms driving them.

关键词： soil moisture vegetation water content ecosystem trend remote sensing soil moisture and ocean salinity satellite

Numerical Study of Greenhouse Nocturnal Heat losses

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Journal of Thermal Science 2011年第4期20卷 377-384页

作者： F.Berroug E.K.lakhal M.El Omari M.Faraji H.El Qarnia laboratoire d'Automatique de l'environnement et Procédés de Transfert UniversitéCadi AyyadFacultédes Sciences Semlalia-Département de PhysiqueMarrakech-MarocAffiliéau CNRSTURAC 28 laboratoire de Physique des Materiaux MicroelectroniqueAutomatique et TechniqueDepartement de PhysiquesFaculte des Sciences Ain ChockUniversite Hassan IICasablanca-Maroc

In this study we quantify and analyze different components of nocturnal losses from a heated greenhouse with the presence of vegetation for typical winter weather conditions in Marrakesh-Morocco,using a non linear model,based on the greenhouse heat and mass *** was found that 12% of the total input heat was dissipate as a sensible and latent leakage losses,66% was lost by convective exchange through air-inner *** gain of energy at the inner-cover is dissipated at the outer-cover by radiation(66%)and convection(34%).This results point toward some practical measures to reduce heat losses:increasing air tightness,using covering materials with low-emissivity in the long wave band or putting up an external thermal curtain should provide significant energy savings.

关键词： Greenhouse energy balance heat losses numerical analysis.

Use of antibiotics in broiler production:Global impacts and alternatives

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Animal Nutrition 2018年第2期4卷 170-178页

作者： Youcef Mehdi Marie-Pierre létourneau-Montminy Marie-lou Gaucher Younes Chorfi Gayatri Suresh Tarek Rouissi Satinder Kaur Brar Caroline Cté Antonio Avalos Ramirez Stéphane Godbout Université laval Faculté des sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation institut de Recherche et de développement en Agroenvironnement Université de Montréal Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire institut National de Recherche Scientifique Centre National en électrochimie et en Technologies environnementales

Antibiotics are used to fight bacterial ***, a selective pressure gave rise to bacteria resistant to *** leaves scientists worried about the danger to human and animal *** strategies can be borrowed to reduce the use of antibiotics in chicken *** research has been carried out to look for natural agents with similar beneficial effects of growth *** aim of these alternatives is to maintain a low mortality rate, a good level of animal yield while preserving environment and consumer *** these, the most popular are probiotics, prebiotics, enzymes,organic acids, immunostimulants, bacteriocins, bacteriophages, phytogenic feed additives, phytoncides,nanoparticles and essential oils.

关键词： Broiler chicken Antibiotic Probiotic Prebiotic Enzyme Essential oil