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What is artificial meat and what does it mean for the future of the meat industry?

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第2期14卷 255-263页

作者： Sarah P F Bonny Graham E Gardner David W Pethick Jean-Franois Hocquette School of Veterinary and Life Sciences Murdoch UniversityMurdoch W.A. 6150 Australia INRA UMR1213 Recherches sur les HerbivoresSaint-Genès Champanelle F-63122 France Clermont Université Vet Agro Sup UMR1213 Recherches sur les HerbivoresSaint-Genès Champanelle F-63122 France

The meat industry cannot respond to increases in demand by ever increasing resource use. The industry must find solutions to issues regarding animal welfare, health and sustainability and will have to do so in the face of competition from emerging non-traditional meat and protein products in an increasingly complex regulatory environment. These novel meat and protein products, otherwise known as ‘artificial meat＇ are utilising ground breaking technologies designed to meet the issues facing the conventional meat industry. These artificial meats, in vitro or cultured meat and meat from genetically modified organisms have no real capacity to compete with conventional meat production in the present environment. However, meat replacements manufactured from plant proteins and mycoproteins are currently the biggest competitors and are gaining a small percentage of the market. Manufactured meats may push conventional meat into the premium end of the market, and supply the bulk, cheap end of the market if conventional meat products become more expensive and the palatability and versatility of manufactured meats improve. In time the technology for other artificial meats such as meat from genetic modified organisms or cultured meat may become sufficiently developed for these products to enter the market with no complexity of the competition between meat products. Conventional meat producers can assimilate agroecology ecology concepts in order to develop sustainable animal production systems. The conventional meat industry can also benefit from assimilating biotechnologies such as cloning and genetic modification technologies, using the technology to adapt to the changing environment and respond to the increasing competition from artificial meats. Although it will depend at least partly on the evolution of conventional meat production, the future of artificial meat produced from stem cells appears uncertain at this time.

关键词： artificial meat,in vitro meat,meat industry,consumer satisfaction,sustainable production

Responses of five woody species to burial by marly sediment: the role of biomass allocation pattern flexibility

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2012年第3期5卷 287-293页

作者： M.Burylo F.Rey T.Dutoit Cemagref Grenoble UR Ecosystemes Montagnards2 rue de la PapeterieBP 7638402 Saint Martin d’Heres CedexFrance institut Mediterraneen d’Ecologie et de Paleoecologie Unite Mixte de Recherches CNRS-IRDInstitut Universitaire deTechnologieUniversite d’AvignonAgroparcBP 120784911 Avignon Cedex 9France

Aims In eroded lands of the French Southern Alps,burial of early established seedlings under marly sediment weakens the effect of vegetation on soil stabilization and sediment trapping.Therefore,this protective role is largely dependent on species’resistance to burial,and the understanding of species’tolerance to this environmental disturbance is highly valuable for basic knowledge on plant succession and for ecological restoration purposes.Methods The response of five woody species with contrasting ecological requirements and natural habitats—three tree species,Pinus nigra,Robinia pseudoacacia and Acer campestre,and two shrubs,Ononis fruticosa and Hippophae rhamnoides—to experimental burial under marly sediment was studied.Seedlings were exposed to three burial levels:no burial(control),partial burial(50%of seedling height)and complete burial(100%of seedling height).Burial tolerance was evaluated based on seedling survival,height and biomass.Biomass allocation to shoots and roots and soluble sugar and starch contents in roots and stems were measured to identify plant traits that determine species response to burial.Important Findings All species survived partial burial but only A.campestre seedlings emerged from complete burial.Tree species were more tolerant to burial and buried plants showed no significant differences with control.The two shrubs were found less tolerant and buried plants showed slower growth than controls.The results showed that species response was not related to initial soluble and starch content in roots and stems,but instead to biomass allocation pattern flexibility.

关键词： burial sediment marls response to burial plant traits

Community responses to extreme climatic conditions

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Current Zoology 2011年第3期57卷 406-413页

作者： Frederic JIGUET Lluis BROTONS Vincent deVICTOR Centre de recherches sur la Biologie des Populations d'Oiseaux UMR 7204 MNHN-CNRS-UPMC CP 51 Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle 55 rue Buffon F-75005 Paris France Biodiversity department Forest Technology Centre of Catalonia Pujada del Seminari s/n E-25280 Solsona Spain institut des Sciences de l'Evolution UMR CNRS-UM2 5554 Universite Montpellier 2 F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 05 France

Species assemblages and natural communities are increasingly impacted by changes in the frequency and severity of extreme climatic events. Here we propose a brief overview of expected and demonstrated direct and indirect impacts of extreme events on animal communities. We show that differential impacts on basic biological parameters of individual species can lead to strong changes in community composition and structure with the potential to considerably modify the functional traits of the community. Sudden disequilibria have even been shown to induce irreversible shifts in marine ecosystems, while cascade effects on various taxonomic groups have been highlighted in Mediterranean forests. Indirect effects of extreme climatic events are expected when event-induced habitat changes (e.g. soil stability, vegetation composition, water flows altered by droughts, floods or hurricanes) have differential consequences on species assembled within the communities. Moreover, in increasing the amplitude of trophic mismatches, extreme events are likely to turn many systems into ecological traps under climate change. Finally, we propose a focus on the potential impacts of an extreme heat wave on local assemblages as an empirical case study, analysing monitoring data on breeding birds collected in France. In this example, we show that despite specific populations were differently affected by local temperature anomalies, communities seem to be unaffected by a sudden heat wave. These results suggest that communities are tracking climate change at the highest possible rate [Current Zoology 57 (3): 406-413, 2011].

关键词：极端气候条件社区极端气候事件海洋生态系统生物学参数动物群落气候变化严重程度

Aerospace Clusters and Competitiveness Poles： A France-Quebec Comparison

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering 2015年第1期3卷 52-62页

作者： Nathalie Gardes Isabelle Dostaler Céline Barredy Corinne Gourmel-Rouger IRGO (institut de Recherche en Gestion des Organisations Organizational Management Research institute) University of Bordeaux Bordeaux 33072 France John Molson School of Business University of Concordia Quebec H3G 1M8 Canada CEROS (Centre d'Etudes et de recherches sur les Organisations et la Strategie Center for Research on Organizations andStrategy) University of Paris Ouest Nanterre La Defense Nanterre 92001 France

Aerospace product development and manufacturing are key components of the air transport system. At national levels in developed countries, the aerospace industry is considered as a highly strategic sector. A solid national aerospace industry is therefore a symbol of strength. Countries are pragmatic: the positive impact of a well-developed transportation network on economic growth is indubitable and civil aircraft production is a key element of this network. Countries may also assert their sovereignty by being recognized players in the defence segment of aerospace. This paper will look at the cases of France and Quebec where local governments have invested significant public funding in poles of competitiveness (in the case of France) and clusters (in the case of Quebec). While our examination of the France and Quebec aerospace scenes reveals a surprisingly large number of groupings, it does not indicate that all their members, large and small, equally benefit from participating in them. In this thick institutional environment, aerospace clusters and poles of competitiveness may compete against each other and become self-serving rather than representing and promoting their members.

关键词：交通运输综合运输公路运输道路规划

Combined Effects of Compost,Supraxone and lambda-Super on Soil Microbial Activity under Pluvial Cultivation of Sesame(Sesamum indicum L.)in Burkina Faso

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2019年第1期7卷 107-117页

作者： Paul W.Savadogo Yacouba Zi Abdoul K.Sanou Hassan B.Nacro Francois Lompo Et Michel P.Sedogo laboratoire Sol-Eau-plante Institut de l’Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles(INERA)OuagadougouBurkina Faso institut du Développement Rural Laboratoire d’Etude et de Recherche sur la Fertilité des Sols(LERF)Université Nazi BoniBobo-DioulassoBurkina Faso

Sesame cultivation is strategic for the economy of Burkina Faso. Indeed, after cotton, sesame is the second most important agricultural product for exportation. However, its production is limited by plant diseases and pest attacks. Facing this situation, large amounts of pesticides are used to boost productivity. But, these chemicals have a negative impact on soil fertility. In this instance, the effects of Supraxone and lambda-super in the presence of compost on soil microbial activity under rainfed sesame cultivation in a peasant environment were studied. The experiment design was a block of Fisher (BCR) comparing the non-treated parcel (TNT) to the parcel amended only with compost (C) and to the parcel amended with compost and treated with the pesticides (C + P), respectively. Soil samples were taken at depths of 0 - 20 cm before sowing at 41st and 81st days after sowing. Respiratory activity and soil microbial biomass were monitored respectively by respirometric tests and by the fumigation-incubation method. The results show that the addition of compost into the soil with or without supraxone treatment and lambda-super resulted in an increase in microbial biomass and soil respiratory quotient. These results show that the provision of compost in sufficient quantity corrects the inhibitory effect of soil biological activity by pesticides.

关键词： Supraxone lambda-Super Sesamum indicum L. Burkina Faso Respiratory Quotient Microbial Biomass

Carbon and Nitrogen Mineralisation of a Lixisol in South Sudan Zone of Burkina Faso

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Agricultural Sciences 2023年第11期14卷 1547-1560页

作者： Abdramane Sanon Alain P. K. Gomgnimbou Kalifa Coulibaly Fidele K. Zongo Tièro-Wè Chris Julius Dabire Wilfiried Sanou Hassan B. Nacro Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST) Institut de l’Environnement et de Recherche Agricole (INERA) Laboratoire Sol-Eau-Plante (SEP) Station de Farako-Ba Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso laboratoire d’étude et de recherche sur la fertilité du sol (LERF) Institut du Développement Rural (IDR) Université Nazi Boni Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Centre universitaire de Tenkodogo Université Thomas Sankara Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Unité de Formation et de recherches en Sciences de la Vie et de laTerre Université Joseph KI-Zerbo Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

In today’s environment where agriculture needs to produce sustainably, local fertilizer resources must be encouraged to achieve multiple crop performance and environmental goals. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of combined inputs of biowaste and inorganic fertilisers on the mineralization of carbon and nitrogen of a Lixisol under continuous upland rice growing conditions. To this end, agronomic trials were set up in 2018 and 2019, using a Fisher randomized complete block design with 6 treatments and four replications at Farako-ba research station. The treatments were: T1 (Control), T2 (NPK + Urea), T3 (7500 kgha of Chicken droppings);T4 (7500 kg/ha of chicken droppings + 100 kg/ha of urea);T5 (7500 kg/ha of chicken droppings + 500 kg/ha of Burkina Phosphate);T6 (7500 kg/ha of chicken droppings + 500 kg/ha of Burkina Phosphate + 100 kg/ha of urea). Highest respirometry was observed in treatments T3, T4 and T6 and treatment T4 significantly increased the mineralization coefficient by 15% after 21 days of incubation. T4 and T6 resulted in increases in ammonium ion of 74.15% and 100%, respectively, compared to the control. Likewise, treatments T4 and T6 resulted in a significant increase in nitrate ion of 104.83 and 103.25%, respectively. Biowaste combined with inorganic fertilizers may have a capacity to improve the availability of leachate nutrients under upland rice conditions.

关键词： Bio-Waste Rice Carbone Nitrogen and Mineralisation

TRAITEMENT deS FRACTURES de L’OLECRANE PAR SUTURE PERCUTANEE

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Journal of Shanghai Second Medical University 1988年第1期 43-49页

作者：马元璋郑纯波陈正中周泰仁 institut institut de recherches sur la Traumatologie et l’Orthopédie de Shanghai. Service de Traumatologie et d’Orthopédie H(?)pital Ruijin SSMU Shanghai

The authors devised a method of percutaneous suture for treating fracture of olecranon. There are two operative technics for percutaneous suture: one is the suture through two skin holes and another the suture through four skin holes. 40 cases of fracture of olecranon were resorted to the method of percutaneous suture. Suture with steel wire through two skin holes was used in 3 cases and suture with steel wire through four skin holes in 37 cases. Most of the fractures had satisfactory reduction and all the fractures healed well. 33 cases had been followed for more than one year, the late results were excellent in 20, good in 8, fair in 4 and poor in 1. The operative technic of the percutaneous suture is simple and less traumatic to the local tissues. The late functional recovery is not inferior to that of open reduction with internal fixation.

关键词： olecranon fracture percutaneous suture

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助剂对含硫分子加氢脱硫反应的促进作用研究

助剂对含硫分子加氢脱硫反应的促进作用研究

Soil Macrofauna Behaviour in the Presence of Pesticides and Organic Amendments

第十三届全国催化学术会议

作者：龙湘云聂红李皓光 M．Vrinat 石油化工科学研究院石油化工科学研究院石油化工科学研究院 institut de recherches sur la Catalyst 69626 VilleurbanneFrance

＜正＞近年来环保法规对于车用燃料硫含量日趋严格的限制使柴油的超深度脱硫问题得到了前所未有的重视,如何提高加氢脱硫催化剂的活性是相关研究的焦点之一。目前的商业加氢脱硫催化剂基本上均为由助剂Co或Ni所促进的Mo基或W基催化剂,... 详细信息

＜正＞近年来环保法规对于车用燃料硫含量日趋严格的限制使柴油的超深度脱硫问题得到了前所未有的重视,如何提高加氢脱硫催化剂的活性是相关研究的焦点之一。目前的商业加氢脱硫催化剂基本上均为由助剂Co或Ni所促进的Mo基或W基催化剂,研究助剂在深度加氢脱硫反应中的作用本质

关键词：助剂含硫分子加氢脱硫促进作用

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2017年第3期5卷 202-212页

作者： Rayim Wendé Alice Nare Paul Windinpsidi Savadogo Mamoudou Traore André Gountan Hassan Bismarck Nacro Michel Papaoba Sedogo Département des Substances Naturelles Institut de Recherche en Sciences Appliquées et Technologies (IRSAT) Ouagadou-gou Burkina Faso laboratoire Sol-Eau-Plante Institut de l’Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso laboratoire d’Etude et de Recherche sur la Fertilité des Sols (LERF) Université Polytechnique de Bobo Dioulasso (UPB) Bobo Dioulasso Burkina Faso

Insects attack vegetable crop, leading to an overuse of pesticides. Organic amendments are recommended to increase soil fertility. The impact of two insecticides, on soil macrofauna under rainfed cultivation of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) with or without organic amendments was evaluated. The insecticides were lambda Super (lambda-cyhalothrin) and Dursban (chlorpyrifos ethyl) and organic amendments were compost, pig manure and cattle manure. An experimental device in split-plot with three replicate was installed. Pesticides were applied periodically each week during the experiment. The results have showed that with organic amendments, lambda super increased the earthworm population compared to the control. Indeed, we found 42 individuals/m2 with compost;1 individuals/m2 with pig manure and 27 individuals/m2 with cattle manure but the control was 0 individuals/m2 in the presence of lambda super without organic amendment. Similarly, Dursban increased the population of earthworms in the presence of organic amendment with 11, 37 and 91 individuals/m2 respectively for compost, pig manure and cattle manure. lambda super with compost has led to a total elimination of termites. In the presence of Dursban, a decrease in the number of termites was observed when adding cattle manure (11 individuals/ m2) compared to the control containing only Dursban (21 individuals/m2). Better distribution of macrofauna was obtained with treatment with Dursban and compost (E = 0.99 for earthworms and E = 0.96 for termites). All organic amendments used in our study stimulated earthworm population, but more in the presence of lambda super or Dursban.

关键词： Pesticides Organic Amendment Soil Macrofauna Burkina Faso