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Feeding Practices and Use of Lysine and Methionine in Pigrationing on Intensified Pig Breeding in the West Center and Hauts Bassins Regions of Burkina Faso

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2024年第1期14卷 23-38页

作者： Isidor Zangbéwindin Ouedraogo Timbilfou Kiendrebeogo Aboubacar Toguyeni Chantal Yvette Kabore-Zoungrana Laboratoire d’Etudes et de recherches sur les Ressources Naturelles et les Sciences de l’Environnement (LERNSE) Universit&#233 Nazi Boni Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Laboratoire de Recherche et d’Etudes en Production et Santé Animales (LAREPSA) D&#233partement Productions Animales (DPA) l’Institut de l’Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA) Station de Farako-B&#226 Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Laboratoire Central d’Horticulture (LCH) Station de Recherche de Farako-B&#226 Institut de l’Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA) Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Ministère de l’Agriculture des Ressources Animales et Halieutiques (MARAH) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

The aim of the study was to assess feeding practices and the use of lysine and methionine in pig rationing on intensified and semi-intensive pig breeding in the Koudougou and Bobo-Dioulasso areas. To this end, a cross-sectional survey was carried out on 87 breeding in these towns. A Discriminant Factorial Analysis (DFA) confirming a k-means classification of the data collected was used to retain 71 breeding divided into three breeding classes: Class A (32.4% of breeding), Class B (14.08%) and Class C (53.52%). The results show that the majority of pig breeders were men between the ages of 36 and 59. Average herd sizes were 35 ± 28;79 ± 42 and 89 ± 21 pigs for Classes A, B and C respectively. The main breeds of pig found on the breeding were crossbred, Large white, local, Landrace and Duroc. Class A (26.1%), B (30%) and C (15.8%) breeders were familiar with both lysine and methionine. Class A breeders distributed feed staggered (65.2%) and in rations (34.8%). Lysine (13%) and methionine (8.7%) were purchased at 5250 FCFA/kg. Those in class B distributed feed staggered (50%) and in the form of rations (50%), in which they incorporated lysine (30%) and methionine (30%) purchased at a cost of 2500 FCFA/kg and 3000 FCFA/kg respectively. Rationing and staggered feeding were practiced by 23.7% and 76.3% of Class C breeders respectively. Only lysine purchased at 3400 FCFA/kg was incorporated into rations by 10.5% of breeders. The high cost of lysine and methionine was incriminated by Class A (100%), B (33.3%) and C (50%) breeders. In conclusion, intensive pig breeding, the practice of rationing and the incorporation of the amino acids lysine and methionine are of ascending importance from classes C, A to B. The high cost of feedstuffs, particularly lysine and methionine, compromises their use in rations, which could have a negative impact on expected breeding performance. The screening and use of feeds rich in and/or enriched with these amino acids, through the development or adaptation of technologies, could improve the

关键词： Feeding Practices Lysine Methionine Intensive Pig Breeding Burkina Faso

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Anthropogenic Threats to degraded Forest Land in the Savannahs’ Region of Togo from 1984 to 2020, West Africa

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2024年第1期12卷 164-179页

作者： Kossi Senyo Ehlui Wouyo Atakpama Henrik von Wehrden Alagie Bah Edinam Kola Christian Anthony-Krueger Hodabalo Egbelou Kokouvi Bruno Kokou Tchaa Boukpessi West Africa Science Service Center on Climate Change and Adapted Land Use (WASCAL) University of the Gambia Banjul Gambia Laboratoire de Recherche sur la Dynamique des Milieux et des Sociétés Université de Lomé Lomé Togo Laboratoire de Botanique et écologie Végétale Département Botanique Faculté des Sciences Université de Lomé Lomé Togo West Africa Plant Red List Authority (WAPRLA) IUCN Species Survival Commission Gland Switzerland Faculty of Sustainability Center of Methods Leuphana University of Lüneburg Lüneburg Germany Center for International Forestry Research and World Agroforestry (CIFOR-ICRAF) Nairobi Kenya Laboratoire de Recherche sur la Dynamique des Milieux et des Sociétés (LARDYMES) Department of Geography FSHS University of Lomé Lome Togo department of Science Education University of Cape Coast Cape Coast Ghana institut Togolais de recherches Agronomiques (ITRA) Lomé Togo Laboratoire de recherches Biogéographiques et d’Etudes Environnementales Department of Geography University of Lome Lome Togo

This study focuses on the landscape dynamics of the savannahs’ region in the far north of Togo. Based on a literature review and satellite images analysis using GIS and remote sensing, the study aims to ascertain the effects of anthropogenic threats on the forest coverage of the Savannahs’ Region between 1984 to 2020. The objective is to clarify the dynamics of land use in the region from 1984 to 2000 and from 2000 to 2020. The findings indicate a significant decline in forest coverage within the region from 1984 to 2020, a trend attributed to land use patterns. Dry forests in the Savannah region are largely converted to farmlands, housing, dry savannahs or agroforestry parks, leading to a steady reduction in forest areas.

关键词： Forest degradation Land Use Land Cover Savannahs Region Togo

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Efficient visual learning by bumble bees in virtual-reality conditions:Size does not matter

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Insect Science 2023年第6期30卷 1734-1748页

作者： Gregory Lafon Marco Paoli Benjamin HPaffhausen Gabriela de Brito Sanchez Mathieu Lihoreau Aurore Avarguès-Weber Martin Giurfa Centre de recherches sur la Cognition Animale Centre de Biologie Intégrative(CBI)University of ToulouseCNRSUPSToulouseFrance French Academy of Sciences for University Professors Institut Universitaire de France(IUF)ParisFrance

Recent developments allowed establishing virtual-reality (VR) setups to study multiple aspects of visual learning in honey bees under controlled experimental conditions. Here, we adopted a VR environment to investigate the visual learning in the buff-tailed bumble bee Bombus terrestris. Based on responses to appetitive and aversive reinforcements used for conditioning, we show that bumble bees had the proper appetitive motivation to engage in the VR experiments and that they learned efficiently elemental color discriminations. In doing so, they reduced the latency to make a choice, increased the proportion of direct paths toward the virtual stimuli and walked faster toward them. Performance in a short-term retention test showed that bumble bees chose and fixated longer on the correct stimulus in the absence of reinforcement. Body size and weight, although variable across individuals, did not affect cognitive performances and had a mild impact on motor performances. Overall, we show that bumble bees are suitable experimental subjects for experiments on visual learning under VR conditions, which opens important perspectives for invasive studies on the neural and molecular bases of such learning given the robustness of these insects and the accessibility of their brain.

关键词： Bombus terrestris bumble bees interindividual size/weight differences reinforcement responses visual learning virtual reality

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Direct palladium/copper oxidative cross-coupling of α-methylstyrene with acrylates

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Science China Chemistry 2010年第9期53卷 1927-1931页

作者： AL-MAKSOUD Walid DJAKOVITCH Laurent JAHJAH Mohamad PINEL Catherine Université de Lyon CNRSUMR 5256IRCELYONInstitut de recherches sur la catalyse et l'environnement de Lyon

Fully palladium/copper catalytic oxidative cross-coupling of acrylates with α-methylstyrene was performed in a DMSO/AcOH(1:1) mixture at 60℃ in the air.This improves previous procedures which employed stoichiometric amounts of copper and oxygen.Thus various acrylates were effectively coupled to α-methylstyrene giving the expected compounds in moderate to good yields(44%-65%) as a mixture of E and Z isomers.

关键词： direct cross-coupling oxidative couplings palladium copper catalytic procedures olefin cross-coupling

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Generation of Synthetic Transcriptome Data with defined Statistical Properties for the development and Testing of New Analysis Methods

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2007年第1期5卷 45-52页

作者： Guillaume Brysbaert Sebastian Noth Arndt Benecke Systems Epigenomics Group Institut des Hautes Etudes Scientifiques/Institut de Recherches InterdisciplinairesCNRS/INSERM 91440 Bures sur Yvette France

We have previously developed a combined signal/variance distribution model that accounts for the particular statistical properties of datasets generated on the Applied Biosystems AB1700 transcriptome system. Here we show that this model can be efficiently used to generate synthetic datasets with statistical properties virtually identical to those of the actual data by aid of the JAVA application ace.map creator 1.0 that we have developed. The fundamentally different structure of AB1700 transcriptome profiles requires re-evaluation, adaptation, or even redevelopment of many of the standard microarray analysis methods in order to avoid misinterpretation of the data on the one hand, and to draw full benefit from their increased specificity and sensitivity on the other hand. Our composite data model and the ace.map creator 1.0 application thereby not only present proof of the correctness of our parameter estimation, but also provide a tool for the generation of synthetic test data that will be useful for further development and testing of analysis methods.

关键词： transcriptome microarray analysis signal/variance distribution distribution modeling parameter approximation synthetic data generation

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Environmental photocatalysis:Perspectives for China

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Science China Chemistry 2010年第9期53卷 1831-1843页

作者： HERRMANN Jean Marie institut de recherches sur la catalyse et l'Environnement de Lyon UMR 5256 CNRS/Université Lyon1 2 Av.Albert Einstein 69626 Villeurbanne Cedex

Photocatalysis is based on the double aptitude of the photocatalyst(essentially titania) to simultaneously adsorb reactants and absorb efficient photons.Heterogeneous photocatalysis is able to be efficient in Fine,"Green" and Environmental Chemistry.Photocatalysis induces mild oxidations in the absence of water by generating active neutral atomic O* species.For instance,the oxidation of 4-tert-butyl-toluene is 100% selective in 4-tert-butyl-benzaldehyde.In water treatment,many toxic inorganic ions are oxidized in their harmless upper oxidized state.The elimination of organic pollutants is the main field of water photocatalytic decontamination.Most of aliphatic and aromatic pollutants are totally mineralized into CO2 and innocuous inorganic anions.More complex molecules,such as pesticides(herbicides,insecticides,fungicides,etc.) or dyes,are totally destroyed.Another example of green chemistry is the total degradation of dyes in water,in particular for the azo-dyes,with 100% selective degradation of -N=N-azo-groups into di-nitrogen.Photocatalysis is also active in the "bio-world" by killing bacteria(E.Coli,streptococcus,etc.) in water without re-growth.Air pollutants can also be destroyed,especially all the VOC's(volatile organic compounds),providing certain air humidity enabling titania to produce cracking OH* radicals.For chemical engineering reasons,the photocatalyst has to be fixed on a photo-inert support.In these conditions,UV-irradiated titania-based photocatalysis could be applied to the elimination of air pollutants,VOC's,solvents,odors,chemicals,etc.Air treatment has to be associated with water and solid waste treatment because of odors.This is conducted by covering water treatment ponds or lagunas by rafts on which large sheets of Ahlstrom paper are deposited,supporting titania associated with activated carbon.Eventually,virus AH5N2,a model virus close to H5N1,responsible for the avian flu could be totally inactivated.Photocatalysis is directly connected with all 12 principles of Green Chemistry defined

关键词： photocatalysis green chemistry environmental chemistry air pollutants water pollutants solar energy China

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Effect of hydration on the surface basicity and catalytic activity of Mg-rare earth mixed oxides for aldol condensation

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Journal of Rare Earths 2018年第4期36卷 359-366页

作者： Zheng Wang Pascal Fongarland Guanzhong Lu Wangcheng Zhan Nadine Essayem Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and REsearch institute of Industrial Catalysis School of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai 200237China institut de recherches sur la catalyse et l'Environnement de Lyon(IRCELYON) CNRS-Universite Lyon 12 Avenue Albert Einstein69626 Villeurbanne CedexFrance

Magnesium and rare earth mixed oxides（Mg3 REOx（RE=La, Y. Ce）） were prepared and characterized by Xray diffraction（XRD）, N_2 adsorption-desorption, infrared spectra and microcalorimetry of CO_2. The results reveal that the Mg_3 CeO_x catalyst is present in the form of Mg-Ce-O solid solution,while the Mg3 LaOx and Mg_3 YO_x catalysts are probably rare earth oxides dispersed on MgO surface. As a result, among the calcined Mg_3 REO_x catalysts, the Mg_3 CeO_x catalyst presents the highest rate constant for acetone aldolization, which is well correlated to its more homogeneous distribution of basic sites. In contrary, the Mg_3 YO_x catalyst exhibit the lowest catalytic activity for acetone aldolization. Upon hydration pre-treatment, the basic properties on the surface of the Mg_3 REO_x catalysts were changed markedly. The Mg_3 YO_x catalyst after hydration treatment shows the highest amount of basic sites on catalyst surface, and then exhibits the highest activity among the hydrated Mg_3 REO_x catalysts. These results make it possible to fine-tune basic sites for acetone aldolization.

关键词： Mg-rare earth mixed oxide Hydration treatment Water tolerance Aldol condensation Solid base catalyst Rare earths

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High-Sensitivity Transcriptome Data Structure and Implications for Analysis and Biologic Interpretation

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2006年第4期4卷 212-229页

作者： Sebastian Noth Guillaume Brysbaert Franois-Xavier Pellay Arndt Benecke Systems Epigenomics Group Institut des Hautes Etudes Scientifiques/Institut de Recherches InterdisciplinairesCNRS/INSERM91440 Bures sur YvetteFrance.

Novel microarray technologies such as the AB1700 platform from Applied Biosysterns promise significant increases in the signal dynamic range and a higher sensitivity for weakly expressed transcripts. We have compared a representative set of AB1700 data with a similarly representative Affymetrix HG-U133A dataset. The AB1700 design extends the signal dynamic detection range at the lower bound by one order of magnitude. The lognormal signal distribution profiles of these highsensitivity data need to be represented by two independent distributions. The additional second distribution covers those transcripts that would have gone undetected using the Affymetrix technology. The signal-dependent variance distribution in the AB1700 data is a non-trivial function of signal intensity, describable using a composite function. The drastically different structure of these highsensitivity transcriptome profiles requires adaptation or even redevelopment of the standard microarray analysis methods. Based on the statistical properties, we have derived a signal variance distribution model for AB1700 data that is necessary for such development. Interestingly, the dual lognormal distribution observed in the AB1700 data reflects two fundamentally different biologic mechanisms of transcription initiation.

关键词： transcriptome microarray analysis signal/variance distribution distribution modeling parameter approximation stochastic transcription initiation

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Normalization Using Weighted Negative Second Order Exponential Error Functions(NeONORM) Provides Robustness Against Asym-metries in Comparative Transcriptome Profiles and Avoids False Calls

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2006年第2期4卷 90-109页

作者： Sebastian Noth Guillaume Brysbaert Arndt Benecke Systems Epigenomics Group Institut des Hautes Etudes Scientifiques/Institut de Recherches InterdisciplinairesCNRS/INSERM 91440 Bures sur Yvette France.

Studies on high-throughput global gene expression using microarray technology have generated ever larger amounts of systematic transcriptome data. A major challenge in exploiting these heterogeneous datasets is how to normalize the expression profiles by inter-assay methods. Different non-linear and linear normalization methods have been developed, which essentially rely on the hypothesis that the true or perceived logarithmic fold-change distributions between two different assays are symmetric in nature. However, asymmetric gene expression changes are frequently observed, leading to suboptimal normalization results and in consequence potentially to thousands of false calls. Therefore, we have specifically investigated asymmetric comparative transcriptome profiles and developed the normalization using weighted negative second order exponential error functions （NeONORM） for robust and global inter-assay normalization. NeONORM efficiently damps true gene regulatory events in order to minimize their misleading impact on the norrealization process. We evaluated NeONORM＇s applicability using artificial and true experimental datasets, both of which demonstrated that NeONORM could be systematically applied to inter-assay and inter-condition comparisons.

关键词： microarray statistical analysis normalization asymmetry robustness

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Comment on the correction of gas‐phase signals during IR operando analyses

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Chinese Journal of Catalysis 2019年第1期40卷 1-1页

作者： Frederic Meunier institut de recherches sur la catalyse et l'Environnement de Lyon 2 Avenue Albert EinsteinVilleurbanne Cedex 69626France

In a recent contribution[1]to this journal,Guo and co‐workers reported on the design of a dual beam FT‐IR spectrometer system aiming,among others,at totally removing the contribution of gas‐phase species during operando studies of heterogeneous catalytic reactions.The system consists of two identical cells located in two separate FT‐IR spectrometers,one being loaded with a catalyst wafer and the other one being empty and used as a reference signal.The exhaust gas of the sample cell is sent to the reference cell,both being heated up at the same temperature.Any indication on cell volume or the nature of the flow regime(e.g.,plug flow or continuously stirred tank reactor(CSTR))is not mentioned.

关键词： phase gas IR reference catalyst cell dual plug

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