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Late Quaternary sinistral slip rate along the Altyn Tagh fault and its structural transformation model

Science China Earth Sciences 2005年第3期48卷 384-397页

作者： P. Tapponnier J. Van der Woerd F. J. Ryerson A.S. Meriaux Laboratoire de Tectonique Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris FranceLaboratoire de Tectonique Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris FranceIGPP Lawrence Livermore Laboratory Livermore CA 94550 USALaboratoire de Tectonique Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris France

Based on technical processing of high-resolution SPOT images and aerophotos, detailed mapping of offset landforms in combination with field examination and displacement measurement, and dating of offset geomorphic surfaces by using carbon fourteen (14C), cos- mogenic nuclides (10Be+26Al) and thermoluminescence (TL) methods, the Holocene sinistral slip rates on different segments of the Altyn Tagh Fault (ATF) are obtained. The slip rates reach 17.5 ±2 mm/a on the central and western segments west of Aksay Town, 11±3.5 mm/a on the Subei-Shibaocheng segment, 4.8±1.0 mm/a on the Sulehe segment and only 2.2±0.2 mm/a on the Kuantanshan segment, an easternmost segment of the ATF. The sudden change points for loss of sinistral slip rates are located at the Subei, Shibaocheng and Shulehe triple junctions where NW-trending active thrust faults splay from the ATF and propagate southeastward. Slip vector analyses indicate that the loss of the sinistral slip rates from west to east across a triple junction has structurally transformed into local crustal shortening perpendicular to the active thrust faults and strong uplifting of the thrust sheets to form the NW-trending Danghe Nanshan, Daxueshan and Qilianshan Ranges. Therefore, the eastward extrusion of the northern Qing- hai-Tibetan Plateau is limited and this is in accord with “the imbricated thrusting transforma- tion-limited extrusion model”.

关键词： Altyn Tagh Fault, sinistral strike-slip rate, structural transformation, extrusion tectonics.

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Rupture behavior and deformation localization of the Kunlunshan earthquake (M_w7.8) and their tectonic implications

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Science China Earth Sciences 2008年第10期51卷 1361-1374页

作者： KLINGER Yann TAPPONNIER Paul institut de physique du globe

Earthquake surface rupture is the result of transformation from crustal elastic strain accumulation to permanent tectonic deformation. The surface rupture zone produced by the 2001 Kunlunshan earth- quake (Mw7.8) on the Kusaihu segment of the Kunlun fault extends over 426 km. It consists of three relatively independent surface rupture sections: the western strike-slip section, the middle transten- sional section and the eastern strike-slip section. Hence this implies that the Kunlunshan earthquake is composed of three earthquake rupturing events, i.e. the Mw=6.8, Mw=6.2 and Mw≤7.8 events, respec- tively. The Mw≤7.8 earthquake, along the eastern section, is the main shock of the Kunlunshan earth- quake, further decomposed into four rupturing subevents. Field measurements indicate that the width of a single surface break on different sections ranges from several meters to 15 m, with a maximum value of less than 30 m. The width of the surface rupture zone that consists of en echelon breaks de- pends on its geometric structures, especially the stepover width of the secondary surface rupture zones in en echelon, displaying a basic feature of deformation localization. Consistency between the Quaternary geologic slip rate, the GPS-monitored strain rate and the localization of the surface rup- tures of the 2001 Kunlunshan earthquake may indicate that the tectonic deformation between the Ba- yan Har block and Qilian-Qaidam block in the northern Tibetan Plateau is characterized by strike-slip faulting along the limited width of the Kunlun fault, while the blocks themselves on both sides of the Kunlun fault are characterized by block motion. The localization of earthquake surface rupture zone is of great significance to determine the width of the fault-surface-rupture hazard zone, along which direct destruction will be caused by co-seismic surface rupturing along a strike-slip fault, that should be considered before the major engineering project, residental buildings and life

关键词： Tibetan Plateau Kunlunshan earthquake earthquake surface rupture zone deformation localization rupture behavior

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Barium isotope cosmochemistry and geochemistry

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Science Bulletin 2018年第6期63卷 385-394页

作者： Quentin Charbonnier Frederic Moynier Julien Bouchez institut de physique du globe de paris Universite Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cite CNRS UMR 71541rue Jussieu 75238 Paris France institut Universitaire de France and Universite paris Diderot 75231 Paris France

While the isotopic variations of barium were reported for the first time fourty years ago, the number of studies on barium isotopes significantly increased only after 2010. Barium isotope anomalies in meteorites have been successfully used to provide constraints about the origin of presolar Si C grains. In carbonaceous chondrites Ba isotope anomalies are indicative of the heterogeneity of the early solar system, possibly resulting from of a later injection of material after the cooling of solar system. Barium isotope fractionation in the same carbonaceous chondrites suggests that a strong magnetic field was present in the innermost part of the early solar system. Barium mass-dependent isotope fractionation has also been detected throughout Earth surface materials. While igneous rocks show limited Ba isotopic variations, relatively large isotopic variations are observed amongst and within soils, rivers, and biological materials. Indeed, plants seem to fractionate Ba isotopes during Ba uptake from soil ***, Ba isotope signatures have the potential to provide clues on the biological cycling of Ba at the Earth surface. In seawater, Ba isotopic variations have been mapped out, and are mainly related to barite precipitation, which is in turn related to organic matter remineralization in the water *** makes Ba isotopes a potentially powerful tool to reconstruct past ocean productivity, although constraints are still lacking regarding the inputs of dissolved Ba to the oceans by rivers or hydrothermalism.

关键词： Barium Meteorites Earth surface Critical zone

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Wavelet filter analysis of splitting and coupling of seismic normal modes below 1.5 mHz with superconducting gravimeter records after the december 26, 2004 Sumatra earthquake

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Science China Earth Sciences 2006年第12期49卷 1259-1269页

作者： Jacques Hinderer institut de physique du globe de Strasbourg (UMR 7516 CNRS-ULP) 5 rue Descartes 67084 Strasbourg Cedex France

New generation superconducting gravimeters (SGs), which have been demonstrated to be better than the best seismometers STS-1 at frequencies below 1 mHz, can be accepted as the quietest vertical seismometers for observation of long-period earth free oscillations. Wavelet filtering with narrow band-pass frequency response as shown in this paper is very helpful in removing at- mospheric pressure effects from on gravity records in long-period seismic mode frequency bands. The processing of high quality SG records after the great Sumatra earthquake (dec. 26, 2004) with wavelet filtering leads to clear observations of all coupled toroidal modes below 1.5 mHz except these for 0T5, 0T7 and 1T1; moreover 1T2 and 1T3 are, for the first time, unambiguously revealed in the vertical components of the free oscillations. The three well-resolved splitting singlets of overtones 2S1 are observed from a single SG record for the first time.

关键词： superconducting gravimeter,Sumatra earthquake,wavelet filter,Earth free oscillations,pressure correction.

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Source time functions of the 1999, Jiji (Chi-Chi) earthquake from GDSN long period waveform data using aftershocks as empirical Green's functions

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Acta Seismologica Sinica(English Edition) 2002年第2期15卷 121-133页

作者：许力生 G.Patau 陈运泰 institute of Geophysics China Seismological Bureau Beijing 100081 China institut de physiques du globe de paris Paris 75252 France

A large earthquake (Mw=7.6) occurred in Jiji (Chi-Chi), Taiwan, China on September 20, 1999, and was followed by many moderate-size shocks in the following days. Two of the largest aftershocks with the magnitudes of Mw=6.1 and Mw=6.2, respectively, were used as empirical Green's functions (EGFs) to obtain the source time functions (STFs) of the main shock from long-period waveform data of the Global Digital Seismograph Network (GDSN) including IRIS, GEOSCOPE and CDSN. For the Mw=6.1 aftershock of September 22, there were 97 pairs of phases clear enough from 78 recordings of 26 stations; for the Mw=6.2 aftershock of September 25, there were 81 pairs of phases clear enough from 72 recordings of 24 stations. For each station, 2 types of STFs were retrieved, which are called P-STF and S-STF due to being from P and S phases, respectively. Totally, 178 STF individuals were obtained for source-process analysis of the main shock. It was noticed that, in general, STFs from most of the stations had similarities except that those in special azimuths looked different or odd due to the mechanism difference between the main shock and the aftershocks; and in detail, the shapes of the STFs varied with azimuth. Both of them reflected the stability and reliability of the retrieved STFs. The comprehensive analysis of those STFs suggested that this event consisted of two sub-events, the total duration time was about 26 s, and on the average, the second event was about 7 s later than the first one, and the moment-rate amplitude of the first event was about 15% larger than that of the second one.

关键词： Jiji (Chi-chi) earthquake long-period waveform source time function

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A new CGMW map： The structural map of the Indian Ocean： An attempt at ocean cartography

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Episodes 2004年第3期27卷 199-202页

作者： Ségoufin, Jacques Munschy, Marc Mendel, Véronique Bouysse, Philippe institut de physique du globe Paris France EOST Strasbourg France CGMW 75005 Paris 77 rue Claude-Bernard France

The Commission for the Geological Map of the World (CGMW), an IUGS affiliated body, has just issued the first edition of the Structural Map of the Indian Ocean which was presented during the 32nd IGC (Florence). during the 1980's, the Commission published the Geological Atlas of the World, which included the maps of the 5 oceans of the globe. Two decades have elapsed and the knowledge of the sea-floor experienced very significant progress; therefore some 5 years ago, the Commission decided to launch a new type of ocean mapping. The Structural Map of the Indian Ocean is the first of this new series of maps.

关键词： CGMW 印度洋海洋绘图法南极地区地理信息

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Tomographical evidence for Indian Plate underthrusting only beneath Tethyan Himalaya

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1999年第1期44卷 86-89页

作者： A.Hirn Seismological department Institute de Physique du Globe 4 Place Jussieu 75252 Paris France

Tomographical inversion was performed using the data recorded by 51 seismographys deployed on a profile that followed southern Xizang (Tibet) high-way through a Sino-French Joint seismic experiment. The results indicate that the underthrusting Indian Plate is limited to the south of IndusYarlung Zangbo Suture (IYS) beneath Tethyan Himalaya, extends vertically to 150 km deep with relatively high angle near Gala, and becomes horizontally northward. The seismic velocities beneath Kangmar, Gangdise and Yangbajain-Golug rift in the middle of the lithosphere show low velocity features, which may indicate the existence of high temperature and partial melting. The results from tomography strongly suggest that the continent-continent subduction occurred only beneath Himalaya and was confined to the south of IYS since the collision between India and Eurasia.

关键词： Tibetan Plateau tomographical inversion Tethyan Himalaya.

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determination of the Altyn Tagh strike-slip fault basin and its relationship with mountains

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2002年第7期47卷 572-577页

作者： Li Haibing Yang Jingsui Shi Rendeng Wu Cailai P.Tapponnier Wan Yusheng Zhang Jianxin Meng Fanchong institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences100037BeijingChina institut de physique du globe 4 Place Jussieu75252ParisCedex 05France

A special extended basin topography is developed in the middle segment of the Altyn Tagh Fault Zone. The ratio of its length to width is over 50. The long boundaries at the two sides of the basin are controlled by the straight normal faults with strike-slip component. Within the basin, the Cenozoic strata are spread. The Altyn Tagh main fault goes through the basin, and a series of strike-slip topography was formed within the basin. The reverse thrust structures were formed at the two sides of the center of the basin, thus making the geological bodies composed of old metamorphic rocks at the two sides of the basin extrude vertically, and forming the extended massif (mountain) at the sides of the basin and parallel to the basin. This special topography was called the strike-slip fault basin. The giant extended strike-slip fault basin began to form during Pliocene, and its topography was basically formed during the late Pleistocene. It is the special topography formed during the strike-slip deformation

关键词： strike-slip fault basin transpression uplifting Altyn Tagh Fault Zone.

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A high resolution lithospheric magnetic field model over China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2013年第10期56卷 1759-1768页

作者： OU JiaMing du AiMin E.THBAULT XU WenYao TIAN XiaoBo ZHANG TieLong institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Equipe de Géomagnétisme Institut de Physique du Globe de ParisSorbonne 4 Paris CitéINSU/CNRS1 rue Jussieu75005 ParisFrance Space Research institute Austrian Academy of Sciences

CHAMP satellite data and ground-based magnetic observations are used and combined to map the lithospheric magnetic field over China by means of the revised spherical cap harmonic analysis(R-SHCA)modeling *** magnetic field is described to a spatial resolution of 150 km at the mean Earth’s radius,which represents a good compromise between the resolutions afforded by surface and satellite *** compare the magnetic anomalies modeled at the regional scale with composite regions containing large-scale of tectonic *** regions,including the Tarim Basin and the Tibetan Plateau,are correlated with regional magnetic anomalies at satellite altitude but contain a significant number of small-scale and complex magnetic structures at the mean Earth’s *** magnetic anomalies are globally consistent with the known geological features in China but also offer a way to delineate the contours of the geological blocks and to discuss the connection between magnetic anomalies and the heat flow distribution in this region.

关键词： lithospheric magnetic field revised spherical harmonic cap analysis CHAMP satellite data

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Paleomagnetic results of Paleozoic and Mesozoic rocks from Xingshan-Zigui section in Hubei Province, South China

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Science China Earth Sciences 1999年第2期42卷 182-194页

作者：吴汉宁朱日祥白立新邢建孝赵永新杨革联 1. department of Geology Northwest University 710069 Xi’an China 2. institute of Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences 100101 Beijing China 3. institut de physique du globe de paris 75252 Paris France

The paleomagnetic reconnaissance study of the Paleozoic and Mesozoic sedimentary rocks from the Yangtze Block (YZB) was made to conduct the Apparent Polar Wander Path (APWP) of the YZB during the Phanerozoic. A total of 825 samples from 84 sites were collected from a continuous section along the Xiangxi River valley in Xingshan and Zigui counties in Hubei Province, northern margin of the YZB. Stepwise thermal/alternating demagnetization isolated well defined characteristic magnetization (ChRM) at a higher temperature in most of the samples, and relatively thermal stability and high coercivity were revealed from these samples. All the ChRMs can pass the fold and/or reversal tests, suggesting that they are probably primary. Therefore, new pole positions are presented for the YZB.

关键词： paleomagnetism Apparent Polar Wander Path Paleozoic Mesozoic Yangtze Block.

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