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A study on wildfire impacts on greenhouse gas emissions and regional air quality in South of Orléans,France

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第1期135卷 521-533页

作者： Chaoyang Xue Gisèle Krysztofiak Yangang Ren Min Cai Patrick Mercier Frédéric Le Fur Corinne Robin Benoit Grosselin Véronique Daele Max RMcGillen Yujing Mu Valéry Catoire Abdelwahid Mellouki Laboratoire de physique et Chimie de l’Environnement et de l’Espace(LPC2E) CNRS–UniversitéOrléans–CNES(UMR 7328)Orléans Cedex 245071France institut de Combustion AérothermiqueRéactivitéEnvironnement(ICARE)CNRSOrléans Cedex 245071France Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China Lig’Air-Association de surveillance de la qualitéde l’air en région Centre-Val de Loire Saint-Cyr-en-Val 45590France Mohammed V University RabatMorocco

Wildfire events are increasing globally which may be partly associated with climate change,resulting in significant adverse impacts on local,regional air quality and global *** September 2020,a small wildfire(burned area:36.3 ha)event occurred in Souesmes(Loiret-Cher,Sologne,France),and its plume spread out over 200 km on the following day as observed by the MODIS *** on measurements at a suburban site(~50 km northwest of the fire location)in Orléans and backward trajectory analysis,young wildfire plumes were *** increases in gaseous pollutants(CO,CH_(4),N_(2)O,VOCs,etc.)and particles(including black carbon)were found within the wildfire plumes,leading to a reduced air *** factors,defined as EF(X)=ΔX/ΔCO(where,X represents the target species),of various trace gases and black carbon within the young wildfire plumes were determined accordingly and compared with previous *** in the ambient ions(such as ammonium,sulfate,nitrate,chloride,and nitrite in the particle-and gasphase)and aerosol properties(e.g.,aerosol water content,aerosol p H)were also quantified and ***,we estimated the total carbon and climate-related species(e.g.,CO_(2),CH_(4),N_(2)O,and BC)emissions and compared them with fire emission *** biomass burning emission inventories have uncertainties in estimating small fire burned areas and *** instance,we found that the Global Fire Assimilation System(GFAS)may underestimate emissions(e.g.,CO)of this small wildfire while other inventories(GFED and FINN)showed significant *** that it is the first time to record wildfire plumes in this region,related atmospheric implications are presented and discussed.

关键词： Wildfire Air quality Emission factor Emission inventory VOLTAIRE supersite

Human Eosinophil Cell Manipulation by Optical Tweezers

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Open Journal of Biophysics 2024年第3期14卷 330-338页

作者： Pavel Yale Jean Michel Edoukoua Konin Abadê Ange-Boris N’guessan Michel Abaka Kouacou Jérémie T. Zoueu Laboratoire dInstrumentation Image et Spectroscopie (L2IS) Institut National Polytechnique Houphout-Boigny (INPHB) Yamoussoukro Cte dIvoire Laboratoire de Chimie et de physique Appliques Sciences et Techniques Universit Alassane Ouattara Bouak Cte dIvoire

In this work, lateral deformation of human eosinophil cell during the lateral indentation by an optically trapped microbead of diameter 4.5 µm is studied. The images were captured using a CCD camera and the Boltzmann statistics method was used for force calibration. Using the Hertz model, we calculated and compared the elastic moduli resulting from the lateral force, showing that the differences are important and the force should be considered. Besides the lateral component, the setup also allows us to examine the lateral cell-bead interaction. The mean values of the properties obtained, in particular the elastic stiffness and the shear stiffness, were Eh = (37.76 ± 2.85) µN/m and Gh = (12.57 ± 0.32) µN/m. These results show that the lateral indentation can therefore be used as a routine method for cell study, because it enabled us to manipulate the cell without contact with the laser.

关键词： Optical Tweezers Human Eosinophil Cell Indentation Shear Stiffness

Phytochemical Analysis and Antimicrobial Activity of Lawsonia inermis Leaf Extracts from Burkina Faso

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2024年第7期15卷 552-576页

作者： Ollo Youl Soumaïla Konaté Ernest N. Sombié Rainatou Boly Boukaré Kaboré Moumouni Koala Arouna Zoungrana Saybou Savadogo Christian Marc Tahita Innocent Valea Halidou Tinto Adama Hilou Maminata Traoré-Coulibaly Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Chimie Applique (LABIOCA) Universit de Ouagadougou Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Agence Nationale Pour la Scurit Sanitaire de lEnvironnement de lAlimentation du Travail et des Produits de Sant (ANSSEAT) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire de Recherche-Dveloppement de Phytomdicaments et Mdicaments (L-RD/PM) Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Sant (IRSS-CNRST) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et de physique Applique (LCOPA) cole Doctorale Sciences et Technologie Universit Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire Sciences de la Vie et de la Terre (LASVT) cole Doctorale Sciences et Technologie Universit Norbert ZONGO Koudougou Burkina Faso Unit de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Sant (IRSS-CNRST) Nanoro Burkina Faso

Lawsonia inermis is a hairless plant growing in various regions of North Africa, the Indian subcontinent, and the Middle East. It possesses many medicinal attributes, including curative properties against infectious dermatoses. This study was carried out to evaluate the phytochemical profile of the crude ethanolic extract of the plant leaves and its fractions as well as their antimicrobial activities. The phytochemical profile was performed using high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Additionally, the phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu spectrophotometric and the aluminum trichloride methods. Antimicrobial activity was tested using disc diffusion and microdilution methods. The presence of flavonoids, tannins, sterols, and triterpenes was revealed. GC-MS detected twelve compounds main compounds consisting of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids and phenolic and terpenoid compounds among twenty-seven components. HPLC also detected high contents of phenolic acids and flavonoids. The most abundant triterpene and sterols were ursolic acid (around 43.14 g/100g DW, 13.9 g/100g dry weight (DW), and 0.68 g/100g DW) in the crude ethanolic extract of leaves (FeLi), hexane fraction (FHLi) and dichloromethane fraction (FDLi), respectively and, β-sitosterol in FeLi (56.7 mg/100g DW), FHLi (10.55 g/100g DW), FDLi (106.1 mg/100g DW) and butanol fraction (FBLi) (357.4 mg/100g DW). Among the flavonoids, rutin = 3.24 g/100g and quercetin = 0.63 g/100g in the ethanolic extract, rutin = 15.73 g/100g in the dichloromethane fraction, and rutin = 0.23 g/100g) in the aqueous fraction;and among phenolic compounds, caffeic acid (37.65 g/100g DW) and vanillic acid (22.70 g/100g DW) were the most important in the ethyl acetate fraction (FAeLi). All organic fractions exhibited interesting antibacterial and antifungal activities against the tested s

关键词： Lawsonia inermis Phytochemical Profile HPLC GC-MS Analysis Antimicrobial Activity

Rupture behavior and deformation localization of the Kunlunshan earthquake (M_w7.8) and their tectonic implications

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Science China Earth Sciences 2008年第10期51卷 1361-1374页

作者： KLINGER Yann TAPPONNIER Paul institut de physique du globe

Earthquake surface rupture is the result of transformation from crustal elastic strain accumulation to permanent tectonic deformation. The surface rupture zone produced by the 2001 Kunlunshan earth- quake (Mw7.8) on the Kusaihu segment of the Kunlun fault extends over 426 km. It consists of three relatively independent surface rupture sections: the western strike-slip section, the middle transten- sional section and the eastern strike-slip section. Hence this implies that the Kunlunshan earthquake is composed of three earthquake rupturing events, i.e. the Mw=6.8, Mw=6.2 and Mw≤7.8 events, respec- tively. The Mw≤7.8 earthquake, along the eastern section, is the main shock of the Kunlunshan earth- quake, further decomposed into four rupturing subevents. Field measurements indicate that the width of a single surface break on different sections ranges from several meters to 15 m, with a maximum value of less than 30 m. The width of the surface rupture zone that consists of en echelon breaks de- pends on its geometric structures, especially the stepover width of the secondary surface rupture zones in en echelon, displaying a basic feature of deformation localization. Consistency between the Quaternary geologic slip rate, the GPS-monitored strain rate and the localization of the surface rup- tures of the 2001 Kunlunshan earthquake may indicate that the tectonic deformation between the Ba- yan Har block and Qilian-Qaidam block in the northern Tibetan Plateau is characterized by strike-slip faulting along the limited width of the Kunlun fault, while the blocks themselves on both sides of the Kunlun fault are characterized by block motion. The localization of earthquake surface rupture zone is of great significance to determine the width of the fault-surface-rupture hazard zone, along which direct destruction will be caused by co-seismic surface rupturing along a strike-slip fault, that should be considered before the major engineering project, residental buildings and life

关键词： Tibetan Plateau Kunlunshan earthquake earthquake surface rupture zone deformation localization rupture behavior

Late Quaternary sinistral slip rate along the Altyn Tagh fault and its structural transformation model

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Science China Earth Sciences 2005年第3期48卷 384-397页

作者： P. Tapponnier J. Van der Woerd F. J. Ryerson A.S. Meriaux Laboratoire de Tectonique Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris FranceLaboratoire de Tectonique Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris FranceIGPP Lawrence Livermore Laboratory Livermore CA 94550 USALaboratoire de Tectonique Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris France

Based on technical processing of high-resolution SPOT images and aerophotos, detailed mapping of offset landforms in combination with field examination and displacement measurement, and dating of offset geomorphic surfaces by using carbon fourteen (14C), cos- mogenic nuclides (10Be+26Al) and thermoluminescence (TL) methods, the Holocene sinistral slip rates on different segments of the Altyn Tagh Fault (ATF) are obtained. The slip rates reach 17.5 ±2 mm/a on the central and western segments west of Aksay Town, 11±3.5 mm/a on the Subei-Shibaocheng segment, 4.8±1.0 mm/a on the Sulehe segment and only 2.2±0.2 mm/a on the Kuantanshan segment, an easternmost segment of the ATF. The sudden change points for loss of sinistral slip rates are located at the Subei, Shibaocheng and Shulehe triple junctions where NW-trending active thrust faults splay from the ATF and propagate southeastward. Slip vector analyses indicate that the loss of the sinistral slip rates from west to east across a triple junction has structurally transformed into local crustal shortening perpendicular to the active thrust faults and strong uplifting of the thrust sheets to form the NW-trending Danghe Nanshan, Daxueshan and Qilianshan Ranges. Therefore, the eastward extrusion of the northern Qing- hai-Tibetan Plateau is limited and this is in accord with “the imbricated thrusting transforma- tion-limited extrusion model”.

关键词： Altyn Tagh Fault, sinistral strike-slip rate, structural transformation, extrusion tectonics.

Performance Evaluation of Solar Chimney Draft: Application to Ventilation

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Smart Grid and Renewable Energy 2024年第4期15卷 107-122页

作者： Boukaré Ouedraogo Adama Ouedraogo Arouna Kabore Kalifa Palm Dieudonné Joseph Bahiebo Laboratoire denergies Thermiques Renouvelables (LETRE) Universit Joseph KI-ZERBO: UFR/SEA Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique Physique Spatiale et Energtique (LACAPSE) Universit Norbert ZONGO Koudougou Burkina Faso Centre Universitaire Polytechnique de Kaya (CUP-Kaya) Universit Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire des Systmes denergie Renouvelable et Environnement Institut de Recherche en Sciences Appliques et Technologies (IRSAT) Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Ventilation is one of the factors contributing to energy consumption in buildings and food preservation. The solar chimney proves to be an alternative for reducing conventional energy consumption. Thus, in this study, the performance of a solar chimney with two active faces for thermally drawing air from a chamber for preserving agri-food products was evaluated. These performances were experimentally assessed through data measurements: temperatures and velocities within the chimney, and their analysis using Excel and MATLAB. The obtained results were compared with those from literature to verify their validity. From this study, it is found that the maximum temperature at the chimney outlet reaches 49.4˚C with an average value of 43.7˚C. Additionally, the heating evolution of the chimney air presents four (04) identical phases in pairs, reflecting the chimney’s operation throughout day. The temperature difference between the outlet and inlet of the chimney reaches a maximum of 17˚C with an average of 12.6˚C. Regarding airflow, the maximum air velocity at the chimney outlet is 0.8 m/s, and the average velocities have consistently been greater than or equal to 0.46 m/s. Thus, it can be concluded that the solar chimney is capable of providing ventilation for the preservation chamber through thermal draft.

关键词： Solar Chimney Natural Ventilation Thermal Draft Airflow Chimney Effect

New Approach to Rock Classification Based on Sparse Representations

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2024年第1期14卷 145-158页

作者： Wognin Joseph Vangah Bi G. Théodore Toa Alico Nango Jerôme Ouattara Sie Alain Clément Unité de Recherche et d’expertise Numérique (UREN) Université Virtuelle de C&#244te d’Ivoire (UVCI) Abidjan C&#244te d’Ivoire UFR Sciences et technologique Département de Physique Université polytechnique de Man (UPM) Man C&#244te d’Ivoire Classe Préparatoire des Grandes Ecoles (CPGE) Université de San Pédro (USP) San Pédro C&#244te d’Ivoire institut National Polytechnique Houphouë t (INPHB) Yamoussoukro C&#244te d’Ivoire Laboratoire Angevin de Recherche en Ingénierie des Systèmes (LARIS) Institut Universitaire de Technologie (IUT) Université d’Angers Angers France

In geology, classification and lithological recognition of rocks plays an important role in the area of oil and gas exploration, mineral exploration and geological analysis. In other fields of activity such as construction and decoration, this classification makes sense and fully plays its role. However, this classification is slow, approximate and subjective. Automatic classification curbs this subjectivity and fills this gap by offering methods that reflect human perception. We propose a new approach to rock classification based on direct-view images of rocks. The aim is to take advantage of feature extraction methods to estimate a rock dictionary. In this work, we have developed a classification method obtained by concatenating four (4) K-SVD variants into a single signature. This method is based on the K-SVD algorithm combined with four (4) feature extraction techniques: DCT, Gabor filters, D-ALBPCSF and G-ALBPCSF, resulting in the four (4) variants named K-Gabor, K-DCT, KD-ALBPCSF and KD-ALBPCSF respectively. In this work, we developed a classification method obtained by concatenating four (4) variants of K-SVD. The performance of our method was evaluated on the basis of performance indicators such as accuracy with other 96% success rate.

关键词： Rock Recognition Dictionary Signature Color Texture K-SVD Variants KD-ALBPCSF Et KG-ALBPCSF

Sulfide metallogenic model for the ultraslow-spreading Southwest Indian Ridge

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Science China Earth Sciences 2023年第6期66卷 1212-1230页

作者： Chunhui TAO Zhikui GUO Jin LIANG Teng DING Weifang YANG Shili LIAO Ming CHEN Fei ZHOU Jie CHEN Nannan WANG Xiaohe LIU Jianping ZHOU Key Laboratory of Submarine Geosciences MNRSecond Institute of OceanographyMNRHangzhou 310012China School of Oceanography Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200030China School of Marine Science and Engineering Nanjing Normal UniversityNanjing 210023China UniversitéParis Cité Institut de physique du globe de ParisParis 75238France Ocean College Zhejiang UniversityZhoushan 316021China

Polymetallic sulfides present in mid-ocean ridges(MORs)have become important strategic resources for humans,and a scientific metallogenic model is necessary for the investigation and exploration of these *** to fast-and slow-spreading MORs,ultraslow-spreading MORs show substantial differences in magma supply,tectonic activity,and oceanic crust ***,information on hydrothermal circulation and a metallogenic model related to sulfides along the ultraslow-spreading ridges is still limited,which hinders further exploration of these *** this study,the distribution of hydrothermal activities,as well as the characteristics of the structures,heat sources,fluid pathways,host rock types,fluid properties,and sulfide assemblages in typical hydrothermal fields along the ultraslow-spreading Southwest Indian Ridge(SWIR),have been *** is concluded that the hydrothermal systems along the SWIR can be categorized into three types,including local enhanced magma-controlled,one-way detachment/high-angle large-offset fault-controlled,and flip-flop detachment-controlled types,which are further categorized into five subtypes based on their distinct geological ***,we present a sulfide metallogenic model called Local Enhanced Heat Supply-deep Faults(eHeat-dFault)for the *** overall spreading rate remains almost constant(14-18 mm/year),while the magma supply is heterogeneous in the segment scale along the *** the past two decades,various hydrothermal systems and sulfide deposits have been identified along the SWIR.A deep magma chamber(4-9 km)is developed in the ridge segment with sufficient magma supply owing to the local enhanced magma supply,while long-lived active deep detachment faults(up to 13 km)with associated metallogenic belts are developed in ridge segments with poor magma ***,the ultraslow-spreading MORs fulfill the necessary conditions of a sustained heat source and stable hydrothermal pathway for the fo

关键词： Southwest Indian Ridge Ultraslow-spreading ridge eHeat-dFault sulfide metallogenic model Enhanced heat supply detachment fault

Thermal Performance Analysis of Plaster Reinforced with Raffia Vinifera Particles for Use as Insulating Materials in Building

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Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering 2024年第2期12卷 112-138页

作者： Etienne Malbila Danielle Manuella Djouego Tagne Bouto Kossi Imbga Lareba Adelaide Ouedraogo Sié Kam David Yemboini Kader Toguyeni Ecole Supé rieure d&#8217Ing&#233nierie (ESI) Universit&#233 de Fada N&#8217Gourma Fada N&#8217Gourma Burkina Faso Laboratoire d’ Energies Thermiques Renouvelables (LETRE) Universit&#233 Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso institut Supé rieur des Techniques Industrielles et Commerciales (ISTIC) Bangangt&#233 Cameroun Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences et Technologies (UFR/ST) Université Norbert ZONGO Koudougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire de physique et Chimie de l’ Environnemen (LPCE) Universit&#233 Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Ecole Polytechnique de Ouagadougou (EPO) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

The present study focuses on the formulation of new composite consisting of plaster and raffia vinifera particle (RVP) with the purpose to reducing energy consumption. The aim of this study is to test this new compound as an insulating eco-material in building in a tropical climate. The composites samples were developed by mixing plaster with raffia vinifera particles (RVP) using three different sizes (1.6 mm, 2.5 mm and 4 mm). The effects of four different RVP incorporations rates (i.e., 0wt%, 5wt%;10wt%;15wt%) on physical, thermal, mechanicals properties of the composites were investigated. In addition, the use of the raffia vinifera particles and plaster based composite material as building envelopes thermal insulation material is studied by the habitable cell thermal behavior instrumentation. The results indicate that the incorporation of raffia vinifera particle leads to improve the new composite physical, mechanical and thermal properties. And the parametric analysis reveals that the sampling rate and the size of raffia vinifera particles are the most decisive factor to impact these properties, and to decreases in the thermal conductivity which leads to an improvement to the thermal resistance and energy savings. The best improvement of plaster composite was obtained at the raffia vinifera particles size between 2.5 and 4.0 mm loading of 5wt% (C95P5R) with a good ratio of thermo-physical-mechanical properties. Additionally, the habitable cell experimental thermal behavior, with the new raffia vinifera particles and plaster-based composite as thermal insulating material for building walls, gives an average damping of 4°C and 5.8°C in the insulated house interior environment respectively for cold and hot cases compared to the outside environment and the uninsulated house interior environment. The current study highlights that this mixture gives the new composite thermal insulation properties applicable in the eco-construction of habitats in tropical environments

关键词： Fibres Plaster Thermal Test Mechanical Test Insulating Material Indoor Comfort