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Translational machinery and translation regulation in axon regeneration

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1392-1394页

作者： Homaira Nawabi Stephane Belin Univ.Grenoble Alpes InsermU1216Grenoble Institut NeurosciencesGrenobleFrance

Over the centuries,the regeneration field has been puzzled by the dual response of the central nervous system(CNS-brain,spinal cord,cranial nervesⅠandⅡ)and the peripheral nervous system(PNS that refers to all the nerves that innervate muscles,skin,organs,bones among others).Even Ramon y Cajal had noticed that an injury to the PNS often leads to axon regrowth,in contrast to the CNS.

关键词： nerves organs muscles

Virtual brain twins: from basic neuroscience to clinical use

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National Science Review 2024年第5期11卷 72-86页

作者： Huifang E.Wang Paul Triebkorn Martin Breyton Borana Dollomaja Jean-Didier Lemarechal Spase Petkoski Pierpaolo Sorrentino Damien depannemaecker Meysam Hashemi Viktor K.Jirsa Aix Marseille Université Institut National de la Santéet de la Recherche Médicale Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes(INS) UMR1106 Service de Pharmacologie Clinique et Pharmacosurveillance AP–HM

Virtual brain twins are personalized, generative and adaptive brain models based on data from an individual's brain for scientific and clinical use. After a description of the key elements of virtual brain twins,we present the standard model for personalized whole-brain network models. The personalization is accomplished using a subject's brain imaging data by three means:(1) assemble cortical and subcortical areas in the subject-specific brain space;(2) directly map connectivity into the brain models, which can be generalized to other parameters; and(3) estimate relevant parameters through model inversion, typically using probabilistic machine learning. We present the use of personalized whole-brain network models in healthy ageing and five clinical diseases: epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease and psychiatric disorders. Specifically, we introduce spatial masks for relevant parameters and demonstrate their use based on the physiological and pathophysiological hypotheses. Finally, we pinpoint the key challenges and future directions.

关键词： virtual brain twin personalized modeling inference neuroscience brain disorder

Mechanical Characterisation of Interface for Steel/Polymer Composite Using Pull-out Test: Shear-Lag and Frictional Analysis

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2006年第4期22卷 552-558页

作者： Mohamed KHARRAT Maher DAMMAK Amine CHARFI institut Préparatoire aux Etudes d'Ingénieurs de Sfax Tunisia Laboratoire des Systèmes ElectromécaniquesEcole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de SfaxTunisia Laboratoire des systèmes Electromécaniques Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de SfaxTunisia

Fibre-matrix interface is known to have contribution to the mechanical performance of fibre-reinforced composite by its potential for load transfer between the fibre and the matrix. Such load transfer is of great importance in dentistry when a post is used for fixing a ceramic crown on the tooth. In this study, a pull-out test was carried out to analyse the interfacial properties of a steel fibre embedded in a polyester and epoxy matrices. It was found that the fibre-matrix interface is debonded on the whole embedded length when the fibre stress reached the debonding stress. Then, the fibre stress fell down to the initial extraction stress required to pulling out the debonded fibre from the matrix. Both debonding stress and initial extraction stress initiated a linear increase with the implantation length after the debonding stress reached horizontal asymptotes. To analyse the fibre-matrix load transfer before debonding, an analytical shear-lag model was adopted to in this test conditions. Fitting the experimental results with the analytical model provided the interfacial shear strength. By considering the Coulomb friction at the fibre-matrix interface during the fibre extraction process, an analytical model which considers Poisson＇s effects on both fibre and matrix, was developed. In this model, knowledge of the initial extraction stress of the fibre provides the residual normal stress at the fibre-matrix interface.

关键词： Fibre Matrix Interface Pull-out Shear-lag debonding Friction

Carbon–Iron Microfibrous Material Produced by Thermal Treatment of Self-rolled Poly(4-vinyl pyridine) Films Loaded by Fe_2O_3 Particles

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2015年第9期31卷 881-887页

作者： Camelia Matei Ghimbeu Aleksandr I.Egunov Andrey S.Ryzhikov Valeriy A.Luchnikov institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse

Ensembles of freeze-dried self-rolled polymer micro-scrolls are explored as template media for produc- ing carbon-iron based composites with fibrous morphology. Polymer fibres impregnated with furfuryl alcohol and loaded with Fe2O3 particles, were thermally treated under inert atmosphere at 700 ℃ and subsequently analysed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and nitrogen adsorption. The resulting material has a micro-fibrous mor- phology and is basically composed of metallic Fe^0 and FeO particles, i.e., more than 98 wt% of the carbon/ iron-based composite mass. These particles are held together by amorphous porous carbon foam obtained by in-situ carbonization of the polymer/Fe2O3 composite with evacuation of carbon from the system via COx gases released by carbo-reduction of Fe2O3. The material has significant activity in the reaction of catalytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide in water solutions.

关键词： Composite materialsPorous carbonPolymersIron particles

A test of the coupling of predator defense morphology and behavior variation in two threespine stickleback populations

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Current Zoology 2012年第1期58卷 53-65页

作者： Lacasse, Jennyfer Aubin-Horth, Nadia Département de Biologie & institut de Biologie Intégrative et des systèmes (IBIS) Université Laval. Québec QC Canada. G1V 0A6

Among-population differences in morphology and behaviors such as boldness have been shown to co-vary with eco- logical conditions, including predation regime. However, between- and within-population covariation of predator defense mor- phology with variation in behaviors relevant to ecology and evolution （boldness, exploration, activity, sociability and aggressive- ness, often defined as personality traits when they are consistent across time and contexts） have never been quantified together in a single study in juvenile fish from populations found in contrasting environments. We measured predator defense morphology differences between adults from two freshwater populations of threespine sticklebacks with different ecological conditions. We then quantified five behaviors in juveniles from both populations raised in a common environment. Wild-caught adults showed significant differences in predator defense morphology. One population had significantly lower lateral plate number, shorter dorsal spine, pelvic spine and pelvic girdle. Furthermore, 61% of individuals from that population showed an absence of pelvic spine and girdle. At the population level, we found that differences in defense morphology in adults between the two lakes were coupled with differences in behaviors in juveniles raised in a common environment. Levels of activity, aggressiveness and boldness were higher in juveniles from the population lacking predator defense structures. At the individual level, anti-predator morphology of adult females could not predict their offspring＇s behavior, but juvenile coloration predicted individual boldness in a popula- tion-specific manner. Our results suggest that ecological conditions, as reflected in adult predator defense morphology, also affect juvenile behavior in threespine sticklebacks, resulting in trait co-specialization, and that there is a genetic or epigenetic compo- nent to these behavioral differences [Current Zoology 58 （1）： 53-65, 2012].

关键词： Behaviors Personality Predator defense morphology Coloration Juvenile Threespine stickleback Common rear- ing environment

Human brain computing and brain-inspired intelligence

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National Science Review 2024年第5期11卷 8-9页

作者： Jianfeng Feng Viktor Jirsa Wenlian Lu institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence Fudan University Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence(Fudan University) Ministry of Education Shanghai Center for Mathematical Sciences Fudan University department of Computer Science University of Warwick Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center institut de neurosciences des systèmes Faculté de Medécine

The relationship between structure, neural activity dynamics and intelligent human brain function is complex and multifaceted with deep roots in several academic disciplines. Its understanding is a fundamental goal of brain research [1] and may indicate the way towards the next generation of artificial intelligence [2]. There are major challenges on the way, several of which are addressed in this Special Topic of National Science Review.

关键词： intelligence human brain-inspired computing

An early history of human breast cancer:West meets East

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Chinese Journal of Cancer 2013年第9期32卷 475-477页

作者： Shou-He Yan institut des Sciences de la Vie

Cancer has been increasingly recognized as a global *** is especially true in countries like China,where cancer incidence has increased likely because of changes in environment and ***,cancer is not a modern disease;early cases have been recorded in ancient medical books in the West and in ***,we provide a brief history of cancer,focusing on cancer of the breast,and review the etymology of ai,the Chinese character for *** findings from both Western and Chinese traditional medicine are presented to give an overview of the most important,early contributors to our evolving understanding of human breast *** also discuss the earliest historical documents to record patients with breast cancer.

关键词：历史文献记录乳腺癌西方早期中国传统医学东方生活方式中文字符

UNE FONDATION THORIQUE de LA MTHOde de LA BALANCE HARMONIQUE

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1982年第6期27卷 579-583页

作者：关肇直陈文德 institut de la Science des systèmes Academia Sinica

La méthode de la Balance Harmonique est une méthode très effective pour le traitement des problèmes non-linéaires dans la théorie classique du contr(?)le. Une idée fondamentale de la méthode consiste du jugement de l’existence d’une solution périodique d’une équation originale à la base de l’existence d’une solution lériodique d’une équation approximative. Cette méthode de l’ingénieur était auparavant dépourvue d’une démonstration rigoureuse. A. I. Mees et des autres auteurs ont fourni

关键词： contr projection forme dimensions semble ORIQUE de LA M notation 色曲 reuse 二凡

Loaded Rubber-Like Materials Subjected to Small-Amplitude Vibrations

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2014年第5期32卷 620-632页

作者： T.Beda J.B.Casimir K.E.Atcholi Y.Chevalier Industrial and Mechanical Engineering department Ecole Nationale Supérieure Polytechnique (ENSP) Département de Physique Faculté des Sciences Université de NGaoundéré Laboratoire d’Ingénierie des Structures Mécanique et des Matériaux (LISMMA) SUPMECA de Paris institut de Recherche sur les Transports l’Energie et la Société (IRTES EA7274) Laboratoire Systèmes et Transport (SeT EA 3317) Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbéliard (UTBM)

This paper proposes a constitutive law and a method for characterizing highly preloaded viscoelastic materials subjected to linear （small-amplitude） vibrations. A multiplicative non-separable variables law has been suggested to model the behavior that depends on both stretch and time/frequency. This approach allows splitting the intricate combined test performed simultaneously on both stretch and frequency, generally in a limited experimental domain up to 100 Hz, into two independent tests. Thus, on one hand, the dynamic complex modulus dependent on frequency alone is evaluated on the basis of vibration tests in a large experimental domain up to 100 kHz. On the other hand, energetic parameters are determined from a quasi-static hyperelastic tensile test. The complex modulus, dependent on both stretch and frequency, is then deduced from the results acquired from uncoupled investigations. This work shows that, in extension, the elastic modulus increases with increasing stretch, and the loss factor decreases with increasing stretch; while, in compression, around the material undeformed state, the modulus increases as the stretch increases till a certain value of compression stretch （upturn point depending on material characteristics）, and then the modulus decreases as the stretch increases. Globally, preload rigidifies materials but reduces their damping property. These results closely match a well-known observation in solid mechanics.

关键词： Elastomers Viscoelasticity Hyperelasticity Vibrations Modeling Characterization Combined modulus.