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H2O2-Activated Up-Regulation of Glutathione in Arabidopsis Involves Induction of Genes Encoding Enzymes Involved in Cysteine Synthesis in the Chloroplast

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molecular Plant 2009年第2期2卷 344-356页

作者： Guillaume Queval Dorothée Thominet Hélène Vanacker Myroslawa Miginiac-Maslow Bertrand Gakière Graham Noctor institut de Biotechnologie des plantes UMR CNRS 8618 Universite de Paris Sud 91405 Orsay cedex France

Glutathione is a key player in cellular redox homeostasis and, therefore, in the response to H2O2, but the factors regulating oxidation-activated glutathione synthesis are still unclear. We investigated H2O2-induced glutathione synthesis in a conditional Arabidopsis catalase-deficient mutant （cat2）. Plants were grown from seed at elevated CO2 for 5 weeks, then transferred to air in either short-day or long-day conditions. Compared to cat2 at elevated CO2 or wild-type plants in any condition, transfer of cat2 to air in both photoperiods caused measurable oxidation of the leaf glutathione pool within hours. Oxidation continued on subsequent days and was accompanied by accumulation of glutathione. This effect was stronger in cat2 transferred to air in short days, and was not linked to appreciable increases in the extractable activities of or transcripts encoding enzymes involved in the committed pathway of glutathione synthesis. In contrast, it was accompanied by increases in serine, O-acetylserine, and cysteine. These changes in metabolites were accompanied by induction of genes encoding adenosine phosphosulfate reductase （APR）, particularly APR3, as well as a specific serine acetyltransferase gene （SAT2.1） encoding a chloroplastic SAT. Marked induction of these genes was only observed in cat2 transferred to air in short-day conditions, where cysteine and glutathione accumulation was most dramatic. Unlike other SAT genes, which showed negligible induction in cat2, the relative abundance of APR and SAT2.1 transcripts was closely correlated with marker transcripts for H2O2 signaling. Together, the data underline the importance of cysteine synthesis in oxidant-induced up-regulation of glutathione synthesis and suggest that the chloroplast makes an important contribution to cysteine production under these circumstances.

关键词： Oxidative stress catalase photoperiod 3,-glutamylcysteine synthetases (γ-ECS) adenosine phosphosulfate reductase (APR) serine acetyltransferase (SAT).

16S rRNA Gene-Based Metagenomic Analysis of Soil Bacterial Diversity in Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo

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Advances in Microbiology 2023年第9期13卷 477-498页

作者： Irène Marie Cécile Mboukou Kimbatsa Itsouhou Ngô Armel Ibala Zamba Faly Armel Soloka Mabika Thantique Moutali Lingouangou Joseph Goma-Tchimbakala Etienne Nguimbi Laboratoire de biologie Cellulaire et moléculaire (BCM) Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Université Marien Ngouabi Brazzaville Republic of the Congo Unité de Recherche en Bioinformatique et Microbiologie moléculaire Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Université Marien Ngouabi Brazzaville Republic of the Congo institut National de Recherche en Sciences Exactes et Naturelles (IRSEN) Brazzaville Republic of the Congo

Soil contains a great diversity of microorganisms, among which are bacteria. This study aimed to explore bacterial diversity in soil samples in Brazzaville in the Republic of the Congo. Environmental DNA was extracted. The illumina MiSeq sequencing was held and the diversity indices have been computed. Illumina MiSeq sequencing revealed 21 Phyla, four of which were abundant: Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes. Soil microbial communities in the studied samples were phylogenetically diverse but with a stable community structure. 17 classes are represented with relative abundances of Rihzobiales, Bacillales, Actinomycetales and Acidobacteriales. 40 families, the Alphaproteobacteria, the Bacilli and the 12 Actinobacteria. 83 orders among which the Rhizobiales are the most abundant followed by Bacillales and the least abundant followed by the Flavobacteriaceae. Of the 28 genera listed, the Bradyrhizobium is the most dominant in Mw3 and Mw4. 25 listed species, Bradyrhizobium, Bacillus, Actinoplanes, and Candidatu coribacter Acidobacterium are the most abundant species. The Shannon indices of Mw3 and Mw4 are equal, the H’max of Mw4 is greater than the H’max of Mw3. The Simpson index of Mw4 is equal to the Simpson index of Mw3, and the Pielou index (J) of Mw4 is less than the R of Mw3, but very close. This study opens interesting perspectives on the knowledge and exploitation of telluric bacteria in several areas of life.

关键词： Metagenomic Sequencing 16S rRNA Gene Soil Bacteria

molecular Profiling of Sugarcane Wine, a Traditional Fermented Beverage (Loungouila) from Madingou

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American Journal of molecular Biology 2023年第4期13卷 197-212页

作者： Yannick Frédéric Okouakoua Nicaise Saturnin Mokémiabeka Christian Aimé Kayath Moïse Doria Kaya-Ongoto Stech Anomène Eckzechel Nzaou Nkalla Lambi Ndelani Etienne Nguimbi Laboratoire de biologie Cellulaire et moléculaire (BCM) Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Université Marien-Ngouabi Brazzaville Congo institut National de Recherche en Sciences Exactes et Naturelles (IRSEN) Avenue de l’Auberge Gascogne Brazzaville Congo

A number of studies reported that traditional fermented beverages possessed pharmaceutical biomolecules involved in biocatalysis for good therapeutic effects on various pathology including tumor, diabetes, inflammation, and obesity. This dimension of understanding is the prerogative of the biomolecular profile found in these fermented foods and beverages. The current work aimed to study the postfermentation molecular profile of the Congolese fermented beverage (Lougwila). The determination of pH, the acidity titratable, the distillation of sugar cane, the determination of total polyphenols and flavonoids and the matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) have been used. As results, the fermenting sugar cane juice at room temperature for a period of seven days, leading to a decrease of the pH value to 4.25 ± 0.10 and increase in titratable acidity and alcohol content of at least 6.421 g/L (w/v) and 7% respectively. The polyphenol concentration of Loungouila increase from 14.9 to 20.5 mg Eq AG/g Ms after 10 days of fermentation. The flavonoid concentration varies from 1.70 to 5.22 mg Eq Cat/g Ms. among 46 isolates of Bacillus species, 55% (25/45) were able to show a very interesting clear zones in terms of cellulolytic activity with the percentage ranging from 37.3% to 83.9%, and 41.3% of amylolytic activity for the percentage ranging from 52.02% to 75%. 65.21% (30/46) of the isolates tested were found to be positive by the caseinolytic test with zones of inhibition ranging in diameter from 1.10 ± 0.09 to 3.25 ± 0.07 cm. In addition to the determination of biomolecule profile, 34.78% (16/46) of Bacillus isolates were able to produce biosurfactants with percentages ranging from 14% to 100%. Proteomic profiling of Loungouila has been investigated by using MALDI-TOF Technique. Short sequences showed 100% identity and were associated with AprE, SubC, amyE, NprE, CelA, lytF, Mut, and ykfC proteins. The National Center for Bi

关键词： Loungouila molecular Profiling Bacillus Polyphenol Flovanoids Biosurfactant

Non-Protein-Coding RNAs and their Interacting RNA-Binding Proteins in the Plant Cell Nucleus

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molecular Plant 2010年第4期3卷 729-739页

作者： Celine Charon Ana Beatriz Moreno Florian Bardou Martin Crespi University Paris-Sud Institut de Biologie des Plantes UMR8618 Orsay Cedex F-91405 France CNRS Orsay Cedex F-91405 France institut des Sciences du Vegetal CNRS F-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex France

The complex responses of eukaryotic cells to external factors are governed by several transcriptional and post-transcriptional processes. Several of them occur in the nucleus and have been linked to the action of non-proteincoding RNAs （or npcRNAs）, both long and small npcRNAs, that recently emerged as major regulators of gene expression. Regulatory npcRNAs acting in the nucleus include silencing-related RNAs, intergenic npcRNAs, natural antisense RNAs, and other aberrant RNAs resulting from the interplay between global transcription and RNA processing activities （such as Dicers and RNA-dependent polymerases）. Generally, the resulting npcRNAs exert their regulatory effects through interactions with RNA-binding proteins （or RBPs） within ribonucleoprotein particles （or RNPs）. A large group of RBPs are implicated in the silencing machinery through small interfering RNAs （siRNAs） and their localization suggests that several act in the nucleus to trigger epigenetic and chromatin changes at a whole-genome scale. Other nuclear RBPs interact with npcRNAs and change their localization. In the fission yeast, the RNA-binding Mei2p protein, playing pivotal roles in meiosis, interact with a meiotic npcRNA involved in its nuclear re-localization. Related processes have been identified in plants and the ENOD40 npcRNA was shown to re-localize a nuclear-speckle RBP from the nucleus to the cytoplasm in Medicago truncatula. Plant RBPs have been also implicated in RNA-mediated chromatin silencing in the FLC locus through interaction with specific antisense transcripts. In this review, we discuss the interactions between RBPs and npcRNAs in the context of nuclear-related processes and their implication in plant development and stress responses. We propose that these interactions may add a regulatory layer that modulates the interactions between the nuclear genome and the environment and, consequently, control plant developmental plasticity.

关键词： Abiotic/environmental stress gene silencing Arabidopsis RNA-binding proteins non-protein-coding RNAs nucleus.

Optimization of Cellulase Production Conditions in Bacteria Isolated from Soils in Brazzaville

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2022年第8期10卷 14-28页

作者： Thantique Moutali Lingouangou Raoul Ampa Etienne Nguimbi Prince Moukouyou Bissombolo Ngo-Itsouhou Faly Armel Soloka Mabika Tarcisse Baloki Ngoulou Stech Anomene Eckzechel Nzaou Laboratoire de biologie Cellulaire et moléculaire Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Université Marien Ngouabi Brazzaville République du Congo Unité de Microbiologie moléculaire et Bioinformatique Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Université Marien Ngouabi Brazzaville Republique du Congo institut National de Recherches en Sciences Exactes et Naturelles (IRSEN) Brazzaville République du Congo

Objective: The objective of the present study is to optimize cellulase production in five strains: (Pantoea dispersa MLTBY6 (MT646430.1);Pseudomonas aeruginosa MLTBM2 (MT646431.1);Pseudomonas monteilii MLTBC10 (MT674682.1);Bacillus subtilis MLTBC5 (MT674681.1) and Lysinibacillus fusiformis MLTBB7 selected cellulase producers isolated from soils in Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo. Materials and Methods: The cellulolytic activity of the selected cellulase-producing strains was determined by transferring the strains to a petri dish containing CMC culture medium with the following composition: cellulose 1%, K2HPO4 0.2%, MgSO4 0.03%, peptone 1%, (NH4)2SO4 0.2% adjusted to a pH value of 7, previously poured and then frozen. The dishes were incubated in an oven at 37°C for 48 hours. The petri dishes were then flooded with 1% lugol for 15 minutes. A positive reading is indicated by the formation of a hydrolysis zone, the diameters of the hydrolysis zone were measured with a ruler. Strains with a broad lysis spectrum were selected. Optimisation of cellulase production by five bacterial strains isolated from the soil was done using the following factors: temperature and pH. Results: The production of cellulase showed that these strains showed a high production of cellulase at pH values between 5.6 and 9 with an optimum of pH = 8 and temperature values between 35°C and 40°C with an optimum at temperature t = 40°C. Of the carbon sources used, two sources, namely glucose and galactose, showed a high production of cellulase compared to the other carbon sources. However, the two nitrogen sources, ammonium sulphate and urea, were favourable for cellulase production by all five strains. Fe2+, CO2+, Zn2+ ions are favourable for cellulase production by these strains, with a referendum for Fe2+. Conclusion: From these results, we conclude that the sources of carbon (gluc

关键词： Optimization Condition Production Cellulase Soil Bacteria

Maternal environment and seed size are important for successful germination and seedling establishment of Pterocarpus erinaceus (Fabaceae)

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Journal of Forestry Research 2022年第3期33卷 977-990页

作者： Beda Innocent Adji Doffou Sélastique Akaffou Philippe de Reffye Sylvie Sabatier department for Seeds and Seedlings Production UniversitéJean Lorougnon GuédéAgroforestry UFRBP 150DaloaCôte d’Ivoire UMR-botAnique Et Modélisation de L’Architecture des plantes Et des Végétations(AMAP) CIRADUniversitéMontpellierCNRSINRAE34398MontpellierIRDFrance

Seed size and the growth environment are important variables that influence seed germination, growth and biomass of seedlings and future tree harvest and should thus be taken into account in agroforestry and reforestation programmes for endangered species like Pterocarpus erinaceus. In the present study, to assess seedling germination and vigour in P. erinaceus as a function of seed size in two environments, 1080 seeds and 360 seedlings were evaluated at two separate sites in Côte d'Ivoire. The results show that large seeds had very high germination rates (up to 100%) and produced more vigorous plants better able to adapt to climate change. The maternal environment and seed size had a significant influence on seed germination (P development (P de conservation strategies for the species and are key factors for rural populations, loggers, and forest management structures for the silviculture of this species.

关键词： Pterocarpus erinaceus Seed size Germination performance Seedling Growth

Methods for Analysis of Protein Glutathionylation and their Application to Photosynthetic Organisms

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molecular Plant 2009年第2期2卷 218-235页

作者： Xing-Huang Gao Mariette Bedhomme Daniel Veyel Mirko Zaffagnini Stephane D. Lemaire institut de Biotechnologie des plantes UMR 8618 CNRS/Universite Paris-Sud 11 Batiment 630 Orsay 91405 Cedex France

Protein S-glutathionylation, the reversible formation of a mixed-disulfide between glutathione and protein thiols, is involved in protection of protein cysteines from irreversible oxidation, but also in protein redox regulation. Recent studies have implicated S-glutathionylation as a cellular response to oxidative/nitrosative stress, likely playing an important role in signaling. Considering the potential importance of glutathionylation, a number of methods have been developed for identifying proteins undergoing glutathionylation. These methods, ranging from analysis of purified proteins in vitro to large-scale proteomic analyses in vivo, allowed identification of nearly 200 targets in mammals. By contrast, the number of known glutathionylated proteins is more limited in photosynthetic organisms, although they are severely exposed to oxidative stress. The aim of this review is to detail the methods available for identification and analysis of glutathionylated proteins in vivo and in vitro. The advantages and drawbacks of each technique will be discussed as well as their application to photosynthetic organisms. Furthermore, an overview of known glutathionylated proteins in photosynthetic organisms is provided and the physiological importance of this post-translational modification is discussed.

关键词： environmental signals oxidative and photo-oxidative stress proteomics signal transduction Glutathionylation Methods Glutaredoxin Glutathione.

Homogalacturonan MethyI-Esterification and Plant development

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molecular Plant 2009年第5期2卷 851-860页

作者： Sebastian Wolf Gregory Mouille Jerome Pelloux Heidelberg institute for Plant Science Im Neuenheimer Feld 360 69120 Heidelberg Germany Laboratoire de biologie Cellulaire Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin INRA Centre de Versailles-Grignon Route de St Cyr 78026 Versailles France EA3900-BioPI biologie des plantes et contrble des Insectes ravageurs Universite de Picardie 33 Rue St Leu 80039 Amiens France

The ability of a plant cell to expand is largely defined by the physical constraints imposed by its cell wall. Accordingly, cell wall properties have to be regulated during development. The pectic polysaccharide homogalacturonan is a major component of the plant primary walls. Biosynthesis and in muro modification of homogalacturonan have recently emerged as key determinants of plant development, controlling cell adhesion, organ development, and phyllotactic patterning. This review will focus on recent findings regarding impact of homogalacturonan content and methylesterification status of this polymer on plant life. demethyl-esterification of homogalacturonan occurs through the action of the ubiquitous enzyme ＇pectin methyl-esterase＇. We here describe various strategies developed by the plant to finely tune the methyl-esterification status of homogalacturonan along key events of the plant lifecycle.

关键词： Carbohydrate metabolism cell walls Arabidopsis Pectin.

Analysis of Natural Allelic Variation Controlling Arabidopsis thaliana Seed Germinability in Response to Cold and Dark： Identification of Three Major Quantitative Trait Loci

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molecular Plant 2008年第1期1卷 145-154页

作者： Ping-Hong Meng Audrey Macquet Olivier Loudet Annie Marion-Poll Helen M. North Laboratoire de biologie des Semences UMR 204 INRA AgroParisTech Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin F-78026 Versailles Cedex France Station de Genetique et Amelioration des plantes INRA Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin F-78026 Versailles Cedex France Present address: institute of Horticulture Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences GuiYang Guizhou Province 550006 RR. China

Light and temperature are key external factors in the control of Arabidopsis thaliana seed germination and dormancy mechanisms. Perception and response to these stimuli have to ensure that seedling emergence and growth occur at the most advantageous time for correct establishment. Analysis of over 300 Arabidopsis accessions identified 14, from 12 different geographical locations, that were able to germinate to greater than 20% at 6℃ in the dark. This natural variation was exploited to identify genetic loci responsible for cold-tolerant, dark germination. A quantitative trait loci approach was used on recombinant inbred line progeny of a cross between Bay-0 and Shahdara. Six distinct quantitative trait loci were identified, three of which were major loci, each responsible for 17-25% of the phenotypic variability in this trait. Parental phenotypes indicated that the majority of the cold-tolerant, dark-germination characteristics are related to light responses. Validation of the three major loci using heterogeneous inbred families confirmed the feasibility of fine mapping and cloning the genes at the quantitative trait loci responsible for cold-tolerant, dark germination.

关键词： Three Major Quantitative Cold and Dark Natural Allelic Variation