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Journal of Forestry Research 2016年第4期27卷 773-778页

作者： s.D.Dayamba P.savadogo s.Diawara L.sawadogo World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) West and Central Africa Regional Office - Sahel Node World Agroforestry Centre & International Crop Research institute for the semi-Arid Tropics (ICRAF-ICRIsAT) West and Central Africa Region-Sahel Node de'partement Productions Forestie`res Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique Institut de l’Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles

Insufficient knowledge of the germination ecology of local species is one of the main constraints to restoration of degraded rural lands. We tested seeds from fourteen sudanian savanna species targeted for restoration for their response to two different pretreatments（conventional and prolonged acid pretreatments） and two different storage conditions（ambient room conditions and refrigerator at 4 C）. For 6 of the studied species, longer soaking in sulphuric acid significantly improved germination rates and also reduced the germination time of some species. storage condition, in general did not affect germination rates except for two species where cool storage depressed germination. The practical implication is that, for the species tested, when mature seeds are collected for plantation in the upcoming rainy season, there is no need to invest in infrastructure and energy for storing in cold *** study also revealed that in general when seeds are stored in ambient conditions from the time of collection up to seeding time, although germination rate does not increase, germination time is shortened and this could be of great interest in synchronizing germination in real field conditions.

关键词： germination restoration plantation ambient mature stored ecology degraded shortened longer

Characterization of the stability and dynamics of a laser-produced plasma expanding across a strong magnetic field

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2022年第2期7卷 53-61页

作者： Weipeng Yao Julien Capitaine Benjamin Khiar Tommaso Vinci Konstantin Burdonov Jérôme Béard Julien Fuchs Andrea Ciardi LULI–CnRs CEASorbonne UniversitéEcole PolytechniqueInstitut Polytechnique de ParisF-91128 Palaiseau cedexFrance sorbonne Université Observatoire de ParisUniversitéPSLCNRSLERMAF-75005 ParisFrance Office national d’Etudes et de recherches Aérospatiales(OnERA) F-91123 PalaiseauFrance IAP Russian Academy of Sciences603950 Nizhny NovgorodRussia LnCMI UPR 3228CNRS-UGA-UPS-INSAF-31400 ToulouseFrance

Magnetized laser-produced plasmas are central to many studies in laboratory astrophysics,in inertial confinement fusion,and in industrial ***,we present the results of large-scale three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic simulations of the dynamics of a laser-produced plasma expanding into a transverse magnetic field with a strength of tens of *** simulations show the plasma being confined by the strong magnetic field into a slender slab structured by the magnetized Rayleigh–Taylor instability that develops at the plasma–vacuum *** find that when the initial velocity of the plume is perturbed,the slab can develop kink-like motions that disrupt its propagation.

关键词： expanding dynamics magnetic

Genetic Diversity of Maize Accessions (Zea mays L.) Cultivated from Benin Using Microsatellites Markers

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American Journal of Molecular Biology 2016年第1期6卷 12-24页

作者： Hafiz A. salami Kamirou Chabi sika Wilfrid Padonou Djima Aly Chabi Yallou Adolphe Adjanohoun simeon Kotchoni Lamine Baba-Moussa Laboratoire de Biologie et de Typage Moléculaire en Microbiologie Département de Biochimie et de Biologie Cellulaire Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Université d’Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Bénin Programme de Technologie Agricole (PTAA) Institut National des Recherches Agricoles du Bénin (INRAB) Porto-Novo Bénin Centre de recherches agricoles sud Institut National des Recherches Agricoles du Bénin (INRAB) Cotonou Bénin Centre de recherches agricoles nord Institut National des Recherches Agricoles du Bénin (INRAB) Ina Bénin departement of Biology Rutgers University Camden USA

Maize (Zea mays L.) is the major cereal cultivated in Benin and it is important to know its genetic diversity to improve the yield. The genetic markers of important traits are evaluated in order to improve the maize inbred lines. The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic diversity of Benin’s maize accessions by ssR marker. Thus, one hundred eighty seven maize accessions from three areas (south, Center and north) were analyzed using three ssR markers. A total of 227 polymorphic bands were produced and showed high genetic diversity (shannon index = 0.51). The polymorphic information content (PIC) values for the ssR loci ranged from 0.58 to 0.81, with an average of 0.71. Genetic distance-based UPGMA dendrogram showed a genetic differentiation between accessions and they were grouped into four clusters in each area. This work provides necessary information that can be used not only to improve the maize production and conservation but also to better manage genetic species resources in Benin.

关键词： ssR PCR Molecular Characterization LZea mays L. Benin

Composition and Diversity of soil Bacterial Communities along an Environmental Gradient in the sudano-sahelian Region of senegal

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Open Journal of soil science 2020年第2期10卷 58-89页

作者： souleymane B. D. Diatta Laure n. Tall Yacine B. ndour Mbacke sembene Komi Assigbetsé LMI Intensification Ecologique des sols cultivés en Afrique de l’Ouest (IEsOL) IRD Dakar Senegal Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar Département de Biologie Animale Dakar Senegal Laboratoire national de recherches sur les Productions Végétales (LnRPV) Institut Sénégalais des Recherches Agricoles ISRA Dakar Senegal Eco & sols Université de Montpellier CIRAD INRA IRD Montpellier SupAgro Montpellier France

The soils of the semi-arid sudano-sahelian region of West Africa have been identified as being highly vulnerable to soil degradation with impacts on their capacity to provide goods and services in which soil microorganisms participate. Unfortunately, soil microbial diversity from this semi-arid region with high rainfall variability remains largely unexplored. The aim of the present study was to characterize the diversity and composition of the soil bacterial communities and to identify factors involved in their spatial distribution along an environmental gradient in senegal. samples were collected from non-anthropogenic sites across four pedoclimatic zones. Bacterial communities were characterized using next-generation sequencing and soil physico-chemical parameters were determined. Our results showed that Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, Gemmatimonadetes, Acidobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia phyla were predominant in the soils of the region. Bacterial α-diversity was stable along the environmental gradient whereas β-diversity highlighted significant changes in the composition of the soil bacterial community. Changes were driven by shifts in the relative abundance of OTUs belonging mainly to the genus Bacillus, Conexibacter, Kaistobacter, solirubrobacter, Ktedonobacter, sphingomonas, Microvirga, Rubrobacter and Pelobacter. soil properties like pH, soil moisture and clay content were the environmental parameters identified as drivers of the composition of the bacterial communities in the semi-arid sudano-sahelian region of senegal (West Africa).

关键词： soil Bacterial Diversity sudano-sahelian Pedoclimatic Gradient next-Generation sequencing

Anthelmintic activity of saba senegalensis(***.) Pichon (Apocynaceae) extract against adult worms and eggs of Haemonchus contortus

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2016年第11期6卷 945-949页

作者： Mohamed Bonewendé Belemlilga Aristide Traoré sylvin Ouédraogo Adama Kaboré Hamidou Hamadou Tamboura Innocent Pierre Guissou Laboratoire de Développement du Médicament Centre de recherche sur le médicament Ecole Doctorale de la SantéUniversité de Ouagadougou Ecole Doctorale de Santé Département Médecine Pharmacopée Traditionnelles–Pharmacie (MEPHATRA-Ph) Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS/CNRST) Département Productions Animales Institut de l’Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles(INERA/CNRST)

Objective: To evaluate the anthelmintic property of saba senegalensis(***) Pichon(Apocynaceae)(s. senegalensis) on Haemonchus contortus that is traditionally used in Burkina Faso for its gastrointestinal parasites ***: The lyophilized aqueous decoction of leaves of s. senegalensis at concentrations of 0.10, 1.00, 3.00, 10.00 and 15.00 mg/m L was used on eggs and adult worms of Haemonchus contortus collected from gastrointestinal tract of small ***: The LC_(50) on adult worms was 6.79 mg/m L and 3.25 mg/m L for the leaves of s. senegalensis and the levamisole(reference drug), respectively. Inhibition of hatching assay showed a concentration-dependent manner with an inhibition of 93.63% at the concentration of 15.00 mg/m L of s. ***: These results indicate that the aqueous extract of s. senegalensis possesses an anthelmintic property and may justify its use in traditional medicine for the treatment of gastrointestinal parasites.

关键词： saba senegalensis Anthelmintic properties Haemonchus contortus In vitro Burkina Faso

Trend Analysis in Rainfall, Reference Evapotranspiration and Aridity Index in southern senegal: Adaptation to the Vulnerability of Rainfed Rice Cultivation to Climate Change

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Atmospheric and Climate sciences 2017年第4期7卷 476-495页

作者： Komlan Koudahe Koffi Djaman Ansoumana Bodian suat Irmak Mamadou sall Lamine Diop Alpha B. Balde Daran R. Rudnick Direction des Filières Végétales (DFV) MAEH Lomé Togo department of Plant and Environmental sciences New Mexico State University Agricultural Science Center at Farmington Farm-ington NM USA Laboratoire Leïdi “Dynamique des territoires et développement” Université Gaston Berger (UGB) Saint Louis Sénégal department of Biological systems Engineering University of Nebraska-Lincoln Chase Hall Lincoln NE USA Research scientist Institut Senegalais de Recherches Agricoles Centre de Saint Louis Saint Louis Sénégal UFR s2ATA Université Gaston Berger (UGB) Saint Louis Sénégal institut sénégalais de recherches agricoles Bambey Sénégal

Rainfall and evapotranspiration are two vital elements for food production under rainfed agriculture. This study aims at investigating the combined changes in these variables in the form of aridly index in the southern senegal. The temporal trends in annual and monthly (from May to October) aridity index, rainfall and evapotranspiration are examined and adaptation strategies to the vulnerability of rainfed rice cultivation to the changes are developed. The results show a significant decreasing trend in annual rainfall at all study locations for the period 1922-2015. When analyzing the trends in sub-periods, there are two clear patterns in the annual rainfall series: a decreasing trend for the period 1922-1979 and a reversal increasing trend for the period 1980-2015. An increasing trend is also observed in annual reference evapotranspiration. The results reveal that the region will be drier with a significant increase in aridity at the annual and most monthly series. Appropriate adaptation strategies should be implemented to diminish the adverse influence of the increasing aridity on rice productivity for a sustainable agriculture.

关键词： Variation Evapotranspiration Rainfall Aridity Index senegal Rainfed Rice

<i>In Vitro</i>Germination and Early Vegetative Growth of Five Tomato (<i>solanum lycopersicum</i>L.) Varieties under salt stress Conditions

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American Journal of Plant sciences 2021年第10期12卷 796-817页

作者： Abdou Khadre sané Bassirou Diallo Aboubacry Kane Maurice sagna Djibril sané Mame Ourèye sy Laboratoire Campus de Biotechnologies végétales Département de Biologie Végétale Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar Dakar Sénégal Laboratoire Mixte International-Adaptation des Plantes et Microorganismes associés aux stress Environnementaux (LMI-LAPsE) IRD ISRA UCAD Dakar Sénégal Laboratoire national de recherches sur les Productions Végétales (LnRPV) Unité de recherche en culture in vitro (URCI) Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles (ISRA) Dakar Sénégal

In senegal, tomato (solanum lycopersicum L.) cultivation is affected by salinity in many agro-ecological zones. The selection of salt tolerant varieties would be an alternative solution to enhance the production. Thus... 详细信息

In senegal, tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) cultivation is affected by salinity in many agro-ecological zones. The selection of salt tolerant varieties would be an alternative solution to enhance the production. Thus, germination and growth are studied under axenic conditions for five varieties of tomato subjected to increasing concentrations of NaCl [0, 35, 70 and 105 mM], and supplemented in an MS/2 medium for 30 days. The results reveal that salt negatively affects the evaluated parameters. The Rodeo and Lady Nema varieties have the lowest final germination rates (50%) unlike the Mongal variety (55%). These last two varieties have a decrease of 71.78% and 81.28% in the height of the stem, respectively, in the presence of NaCl at [105 mM] while that of the Rodeo variety is 70%. The Xewel variety has the greatest average number of leaves in the presence of [NaCl 35 mM] (4.95 leaves) and [NaCl 70 mM] (4.77 leaves). The Lady Nema variety records the longest taproot length (2.99 cm) unlike the Rodeo variety (2.25 cm) at [NaCl 105 mM]. The Ganilaspan style="font-family:Verdana;"> variety reveals the highest number of secondary roots at the concentrations of [0, 35 and 105 mM] of naCl with, respectively, 4

关键词： solanum lycopersicum naCl Germination Growth Tolerance In Vitro Conditions

Incidence of the African Rice Gall Midge (AfRGM), Orseolia oryzivora H. &G. in Relation with Period of Rice Transplanting in the Kou Valley, Burkina Faso

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Advances in Entomology 2016年第2期4卷 97-103页

作者： Karim sama souleymane nacro Cheikh Thiaw Dona Dakouo Université Polytechnique de Bobo-Dioulasso Bobo Dioulasso Burkina Faso institut de l’Environnementet de recherches agricoles (InERA) Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Université Cheick Anta Diop Dakar Fann Sénégal

The African Rice Gall Midge, Orseolia oryzivora H. & G., is an important insect pest recorded in 20 countries in sub-sahara Africa. In Burkina Faso, the insect pest particularly prevails in Western and south-Western of the country where both biotic and abiotic conditions favor its development. The insect pest can damage up to 60% of rice tillers in Western Burkina Faso. A study was conducted during the 2011 wet season in the Kou Valley, located 25 km north-West of Bobo-Dioulas- so, Western Burkina Faso. Its objective was to evaluate the damage of this insect pest in farmers’ fields in relation with rice transplanting periods. The Kou Valley rice scheme, 1200 ha, was divided into two zones within which 48 farmers’ fields were randomly selected in relation with rice transplanting periods: P1: 1st period;P2: 2nd period and P3: 3rd period;that is 16 fields per period. Both agronomic and entomological evaluations were performed each week starting from the 21th day after transplanting (DAT) up to 84 DAT. Results showed that the highest average damage level (16% of galls) was recorded in the 3rd transplanting period. The highest larval and pupal parasitism was recorded in P3 at 84 DAT. Pupal parasitism due to Aprostocetus procerae Risbec was higher than larval parasitism due to Platygaster diplosisae Risbec. Lastly, the lowest yield (4.78 t/ha) was recorded in P3. These results can be used in the implementation of an integrated pest management strategy for this insect pest in the Kou Valley.

关键词： Orseolia oryzivora Transplanting Period Gall Parasitism Aprostocetus procerae Platygaster diplosisae Burkina Faso

Farmers’ Perception and Impact of Rice Yellow Mottle Disease on Rice Yields in Burkina Faso

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Agricultural sciences 2015年第9期6卷 943-952页

作者： Valentin s. E. Traoré Bouma James néya Mouhameth Camara Vernon Gracen samuel K. Offei Oumar Traoré institut de l’Environnement et de recherches agricoles (InERA) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso institut supérieur de Formation Agricole et Rurale (IsFAR) Université de Thiès Bambey Sénégal West African Centre for Crop Improvement (WACCI) University of Ghana Legon Ghana

Rice improvement for disease resistance has scarcely involved farmers’ knowledge in sub-saharan Africa. A participatory rural appraisal was conducted in two main rice cultivation areas in Burkina Faso to assess farmers’ awareness of rice production constraints with emphasis on rice yellow mottle disease (RYMD) and its management. Farmers’ preference for rice varieties to be used in the breeding program was also assessed. Major concerns for rice cultivation as perceived by farmers were water shortage and RYMD. However, relative importance of each constraint depended on the survey areas, RYMD being prominent at Banzon while water shortage predominated at Mogtedo. Mogtedo farmers preferred rice variety FKR19 because of its tolerance to drought. At Banzon, farmers’ first criterion was taste which was reflected in the choice of variety FKR18. Yield was also a major criterion in both areas, positioning nERICA varieties FKR56n, FKR62n, and FKR60n among the top preferred varieties. Farmers mentioned RYMD as the most important rice disease. Most farmers used varietal shifts or pesticide treatments for RYMD management. RYMD incidence reached 28% in average at Banzon over the 2012-2013 main growing seasons. In rice varieties FKR56n, FKR62n and Ts2, diseased plants yielded 79.3% less than the healthy ones. Accordingly, based on disease incidence, overall yield loss in the study area was estimated at 22.3%. Altogether, rice production can be significantly increased by taking RYMD into account in a participatory rice breeding strategy.

关键词： Farmers’ Knowledge Disease Management Preferred Varieties Yield Loss

HIV reservoir: antiviral immune responses and immune interventions for curing HIV infection

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Chinese Medical Journal 2022年第22期135卷 2667-2676页

作者： shuang Li Christiane Moog Tong Zhang Bin su Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDs Research Sino-French Joint Laboratory for Research on Humoral Immune Response to HIV InfectionClinical and Research Center for Infectious DiseasesBeijing Youan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100069China Laboratoire d’ImmunoRhumatologie Moléculaire Institut national de la santéet de la recherche médicale(INSERM)UMR_S 1109Institut thématique interdisciplinaire(ITI)de Médecine de Précision de StrasbourgTransplantex NGFacultéde MédecineFédération Hospitalo-Universitaire OMICAREFédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg(FMTS)Universitéde StrasbourgStrasbourg 67000France

Antiretroviral therapy against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is effective in controlling viral replication but cannot completely eliminate HIV due to the persistence of the HIV reservoir. Innate and adaptive immune responses have been proposed to contribute to preventing HIV acquisition, controlling HIV replication and eliminating HIV-infected cells. However, the immune responses naturally induced in HIV-infected individuals rarely eradicate HIV infection, which may be caused by immune escape, an inadequate magnitude and breadth of immune responses, and immune exhaustion. Optimizing these immune responses may solve the problems of epitope escape and insufficient sustained memory responses. Moreover, immune interventions aimed at improving host immune response can reduce HIV reservoirs, which have become one focus in the development of innovative strategies to eliminate HIV reservoirs. In this review, we focus on the immune response against HIV and how antiviral immune responses affect HIV reservoirs. We also discuss the development of innovative strategies aiming to eliminate HIV reservoirs and promoting functional cure of HIV infection.

关键词： Antiviral immune response Functional HIV cure HIV reservoir Human immunodeficiency virus Immune interventions