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Inventory and Distribution of Mango Mealybugs species in Western Burkina Faso: Relative Abundance and Population Fluctuation

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Advances in Entomology 2016年第3期4卷 191-199页

作者： Karim nébié souleymane nacro Issoufou Ouédraogo Dona Dakouo Lenli Claude Otoidobiga institut de l’Environnement et de recherches agricoles (InERA) Direction Régionale de Recherches Environnementales et Agricoles de l’Ouest (DRREAO) Station de Farako-Ba Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso institut de l’Environnementet de recherches agricoles (InERA) Centre Régional de Formation et de Recherches Environnementales et Agricoles de Kamboinsé Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Rastrococus invadens was the only reported mealybug species on the mango tree in Western Burkina Faso. This study aimed at carrying out the inventory and showing the importance and distribution of other mealybug species associated with the mango tree. It was also important to determine the periods of abundance of these species vis-a-vis R. invadens. For this purpose, the density of mealybugs was assessed in three study sites (Toussiana, Bérégadougou and Orodara) in Western Burkina Faso. The observations were made from June 2014 to June 2015 at a frequency of 15 ± 1 days. They focused on 20 leaves (5 leaves/cardinal point) levied on each mango tree. The species identified as Ferrisia virgata Cockerell and Icerya aegyptiaca Douglas were collected from mangos infested by R. invadens representing 98% - 99% of the density of the observed mealybug species. The periods of abundance of F. virgata and I. aegyptiaca were respectively the dry season and the rainy season. The effect of temperature, relative humidity and rainfall on the populations of F. virgata and I. aegyptiaca was also discussed. These results highlight the distribution range of F. virgata and I. aegyptiaca worldwide including Burkina Faso. R. invadens was the main mealybug species on mango in Burkina Faso in general and in the Western region of the country in particular.

关键词： Mango Mealybugs Rastrococus invadens Ferrisia virgata Icerya aegyptiaca

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Physical and Cooking Characteristics of six Cowpea Varieties seeds Cultivated in Burkina Faso

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American Journal of Plant sciences 2022年第7期13卷 929-942页

作者： Karidiatou Traore Pingawindé sawadogo Téyouré Benoit Joseph Batiéno nerbéwendé sawadogo Hamadou Zongo saadon Leandre Poda Jean Baptiste de salle Tignegré Tinga Jeremy Ouédraogo Mahamadou sawadogo institut de l’Environnement et de recherches agricoles (InERA) CNRST Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Centre Universitaire de Tenkodogo Université Thomas SANKARA Tenkodogo Burkina Faso équipe Génétique et Amélioration des Plantes/Laboratoire Biosciences Ecole Doctorale Sciences et Technologies Université Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Cowpea is essential in the diet in Burkina Faso. The information on their physical properties and cooking quality is important for consumer acceptance. This study has therefore been undertaken in order to fill the gap. Thus, six cowpea varieties were evaluated for their physical and cooking properties. The seeds had between 9% to 12% moisture. For physical proprieties, the result revealed that the variety Makoyin had the highest seed length (9.65 mm), the variety Gourgou recorded the highest seed width (7.08 mm), seed thickness (5.13 mm), and seed area (153.29 mmsup>2sup>), and 100-seeds weight (21.1 g). The lowest seed sizes were presented by the variety Teeksongo with values of 7.88 mm, 6.34 mm, 4.88 mm, 122.68 mmsup>2sup>, and 16.87 g for respectively the length, the width, the thickness, the area, and the 100-seeds weight. The variety Makoyin produces seed elliptical form and varieties neerwaya, Gourgou, Yipoussi and Issa-sosso, and Teek-songo the seeds spherical form. For cooking proprieties, the highest value of the bulk density of the seeds was presented in the variety Teek-song (1.51 g/ml). The highest hydration and swelling capacity were observed in varieties Gourgou (0.22 g/seed and 0.24 ml/seed respectively) and Yipoussi (0.22 g/seed and 0.21 ml/seed respectively). The seed with large size, greater hydration, and swelling capacity is preferred by consumers and processors for food products. Varieties Makoyin, neerwaya, Gourgou, Yipoussi, and Issa-sosso presented cooking time of unsoaked seeds equal to one hour (from 60 to 68 min) excepted Teek-songo which had 46 min. These cooking times are acceptable for consumers. seed length, surface area, thickness, the weight of seeds, hydration capacity, and cooking time have been the most discriminating among the cowpea varieties studied.

关键词： Cowpea Varieties Physical Properties Cooking Properties Burkina Faso

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Effect of the Continuum Removal in Predicting soil Organic Carbon with near Infrared spectroscopy (nIRs) in the senegal sahelian soils

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Open Journal of soil science 2016年第9期6卷 135-148页

作者： Macoumba Loum Mateugue Diack ndeye Yacine Badiane ndour Dominique Masse UFR de sciences Agronomiques de l’Aquaculture et de Technologies Alimentaires Université Gaston Berger Saint-Louis Sénégal institut sénégalais de recherches agricoles Laboratoire LNRPV Dakar Sénégal IEsOL Laboratoire Mixte International Ecologique des sols Cultivés en Afrique de l’Ouest Centre ISRA/IRD Dakar Sénégal

spectroscopy plays a major role in the access of the analytical parameters of the soil. It tends to substitute the conventional laboratory analysis because hyperspectral data were least expensive and easier to obtain. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the continuum removal (CR) in the validation of the accurate prediction model of the soil properties with Vis-nIR spectroscopy data. Few studies using Vis-nIR reflectance spectroscopy have well focused the calculation of the CR method;its effect in the calibration of the accurate models was also not well emphasized. In this study, we used the remote sensing software EnVI 4.7 to compute the CR function where the value of the continuum for each sample and for each spectral wavelength was obtained by dividing the reflectance values of the full spectrum (Fs) with those of the continuum curve (CC). The partial least square regression (PLsR) model was applied in the spectral data from the soil of the senegal sahelian region. It was calibrated with both data from the full spectrum (Fs) and those obtained after the application of the continuum removal. With the application of the CR, ultraviolet wavelengths (350 - 429 nm) and those of near infrared (2491 - 2500 nm) were removed from the explanatory variables of PLsR model. With the Fs, all wavelengths between 350 and 2500 nm were taken into account in predicting soil properties. Our findings show a positive effect of the application of CR in the estimation of soil organic carbon. In calibration, the R2 increased up to 10% with the continuum removal in the model of 12 components (CP). In terms of validation, it’s the 15-component model which is the most accurate with the same range in calibration between the Fs and the CR. The lowest RMsE ranged from 0.04 with the Fs to 0.03 with the application of the CR in calibration and validation. These results show that the interest of this study as soil organic carbon is recognized as a key indicator of fertility

关键词： nIRs soil Proprieties Continuum Removal PLsR Model senegal River delta

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Agro-Morphological Characterization of a Collection of Fonio [Digitaria exilis (Kippist.) stapf.] Accessions from Burkina Faso

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American Journal of Plant sciences 2023年第6期14卷 677-690页

作者： Balma Patrice Kabore Boukare Kiebre Mariam Kiebre Zakaria sanou Jacob Bationo/Kando Pauline Laboratoire Biosciences Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences de la Vie et de la Terre Université Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso institut de l’Environnement et de recherches agricoles/Farako-Bñ (INERA/Farako-B&#241) Bobo Dioulasso Burkina Faso

Considered as the oldest cereal, fonio (Digitaria exilis stapf.) is grown in West Africa for its therapeutic virtues, its nutritional and organoleptic qualities. It plays an important socio-cultural and economic role for the populations of western Burkina Faso. However, very few studies on the genetic diversity of fonio have been carried out. This study aims to contribute to a better knowledge of the diversity of Digitaria exilis in Burkina Faso using agro-morphological descriptors. Thus, 60 accessions of fonio collected from western Burkina Faso were characterized using 21 agro-morphological characters according to an Alpha Latice design with three replications. The study showed morphological variability for most of the qualitative and quantitative characters studied. Principal component analysis (PCA) explained 56.07% of the variability. Hierarchical cluster analysis splits the accessions of the collection into four clusters using seven characters. These characters can constitute basic criteria for differentiating fonio accessions in Burkina Faso. The accessions of Group II have a long cycle and high production of grain, while the accessions of Group IV have a short cycle and low production of grain. The groups identified can serve as a starting point for fonio breeding in Burkina Faso.

关键词： Digitaria exilis Agro-Morphological Variability Accession Burkina Faso

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Petrology of lherzolite xenoliths of Hossérésédévolcano(Adamawa plateau,ngaoundéréarea,Cameroon)

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地球化学学报(英文) 2023年第5期42卷 817-831页

作者： O.F.nkouandou J.M.Bardintzeff Fagny Mefire njankouo ndassa A.A.sahabo H.Adama department of Earth sciences Faculty of SciencesUniversity of NgaoundereP.O.Box.454NgaoundereCameroon Univ Paris-saclay Sciences de la TerreVolcanologie-PlanetologieUMR CNRS 8148 GEOPSBat.50491405 OrsayFrance Laboratoire de volcanologie Institut de Recherches Geologique et Minie`reB.P.370BueaCameroon

numerous mantle xenoliths 6–12 cm in size and sub-angular to rounded in shape occur within Mio-Pliocene basanite lavas of the monogenic volcano of Hossérésédé in the Adamawa *** of spinel lherzolite exhibit protogranular,equigranular or porphyroclastic *** chemical analyses show that olivine is highly magnesian(Fo_(88-90)),clinopyroxene crystals are diopside and augite(Wo_(41.6–49.6)En_(45.3–53.7)Fs_(4.2–6.2)),orthopyroxene crystals are enstatite(Wo 1.4–1.5 En_(88.6–89.0)Fs_(9.6–9.9))and spinel crystals are mainly Al-spinel associ-ated to minor *** temperatures and pressures through empirical formulas show that Hossérésédé noliths have equilibrated between 1085 and 1204℃and 1.08 to 1.57 GPa,corresponding to sampling depths of 36 and 52 *** petrographical and mineral chemistry of Hossérésédénoliths evidences the com-plex nature and composition of the subcontinental lithosphere under the Adamawa *** may involve a probable uplift of the whole area after a limited exten-sional event,possible metasomatism through melt infiltration during shearing of the lithospheric mantle along the Pan African strike-slip fault system.

关键词： Cameroon Adamawa Hossérésédé subcontinental lithosphere Xenolith Peridotite Lherzolite

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Redesigning crop varieties to win the race between climate change and food security

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Molecular Plant 2023年第10期16卷 1590-1611页

作者： Kevin V.Pixley Jill E.Cairns santiago Lopez-Ridaura Chris O.Ojiewo Maryam Abba Dawud Inoussa Drabo Taye Mindaye Baloua nebie Godfrey Asea Biswanath Das Happy Daudi Haile desmae Benoit Joseph Batieno Ousmane Boukar Clare T.M.Mukankusi stanley T.nkalubo sarah J.Hearne Kanwarpal s.Dhugga Harish Gandhi sieglinde snapp Ernesto Adair Zepeda-Villarreal International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center(CIMMYT) TexcocoMexico International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center(CIMMYT) HarareZimbabwe International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center(CIMMYT) NairobiKenya Lake Chad Research institute(LCRI) MaidiguriNigeria International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center(CIMMYT) DakarSenegal Ethiopian institute of Agricultural Research(EIAR) Addis AbabaEthiopia national Agricultural Research Organization(nARO) KampalaUganda Tanzania Agricultural Research institute(TARI) NaliendeleTanzania institut de l'Environnement et de recherches agricoles(InERA) OuagadougouBurkina Faso International institute of Tropicl Agriculture(IITA) KanoNigeria Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT KampalaUganda

Climate change poses daunting challenges to agricultural production and food *** temperatures,shifting weather patterns,and more frequent extreme events have already demonstrated their effects on local,regional,and global agricultural *** varieties that withstand climate-related stresses and are suitable for cultivation in innovative cropping systems will be crucial to maximize risk avoidance,productivity,and profitability under climate-changed *** surveyed 588 expert stakeholders to predict current and novel traits that may be essential for future pearl millet,sorghum,maize,groundnut,cowpea,and common bean varieties,particularly in sub-saharan *** then review the current progress and prospects for breeding three prioritized future-essential traits for each of these *** predict that most current breeding priorities will remain important,but that rates of genetic gain must increase to keep pace with climate challenges and consumer ***,the predicted future-essential traits include innovative breeding targets that must also be prioritized;for example,(1)optimized rhizosphere microbiome,with benefits for P,n,and water use efficiency,(2)optimized performance across or in specific cropping systems,(3)lower nighttime respiration,(4)improved stover quality,and(5)increased early *** further discuss cutting-edge tools and approaches to discover,validate,and incorporate novel genetic diversity from exotic germplasm into breeding populations with unprecedented precision,accuracy,and *** conclude that the greatest challenge to developing crop varieties to win the race between climate change and food security might be our innovativeness in defining and boldness to breed for the traits of tomorrow.

关键词： climate change food security crop breeding cropping systems expert survey sub-saharan Africa

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status of Techniques Used to Control Moulds in Maize storage in Africa

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Agricultural sciences 2022年第1期13卷 49-64页

作者： Halfane Lehmane Rafiatou Ba Durand Dah-nouvlessounon Haziz sina Gautier Roko Farid T. Bade Akim socohou Adolphe Adjanohoun Lamine Baba-Moussa Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Typing in Microbiology Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology Faculty of Sciences and Techniques University of Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Benin institut national des recherches agricoles du Bénin Cotonou Benin

In Benin, the preservation of maize is a real problem involving important physical and chemical properties losses. Physical losses are due by rodents, pests and insects and chemical losses are mainly due to fungal infection. several methods, products and practices are used by farmers to overcome these problems. The methods used do not always control the losses caused by fungal infection. The objective of the study was to make a bibliographic synthesis of the impacts induced by the items, practices and methods used to overcome the chemical losses of maize. In the search for information, the library of the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries was consulted;the archives of the library of the University of Abomey-Calavi and the national institute of Agricultural Research of Benin were also consulted. Thus, chemicals such as sofagrain, Pyrimiphos-Methyl, Thiamethoxam, Pyrimiphos-Methyl, Permethrin, deltamethrin, fumigant are used to control physical attacks on maize. Ash and plants species such as neem tree (Azadirachta indica) are generally used for the preservation and storage of maize seeds. In addition, chemicals such as arsenious anhydride and zinc phosphide are used for the preservation of corn. The use of these molecules and chemical products has negative impacts on human health and the environment. Of all the methods used, no treatment is still popularized for the reduction of the chemical losses caused by the fungal infection in corn storage.

关键词： Impact Aflatoxins Cereals Conservation Africa

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Morphological Diversity of Corn’s (<i>Zea mays</i>L.) Local Cultivar and Improved Varieties in Central and north of Benin

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American Journal of Plant sciences 2015年第18期6卷 2867-2877页

作者： Hafiz A. salami Adolphe Adjanohoun Wilfrid Padonou Abdoul-Madjidou Yacoubou Djima Aly Chabi Yallou Haziz sina Lamine Baba-Moussa Laboratoire de Biologie et de Typage Moléculaire en Microbiologie Département de Biochimie et de Biologie Cellulaire Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Université d’Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Bénin Centre de recherches agricoles sud Institut National des Recherches Agricoles du Bénin (INRAB) Attogon Benin Programme Technologie Agricole et Alimentaire (PTAA) Institut National des Recherches Agricoles du Bénin (INRAB) Porto-Novo Benin Centre de recherches agricoles nord Institut National des Recherches Agricoles du Bénin (INRAB) N’dali Benin

The better knowledge of a plant genetic biodiversity is based on a prior study of its agro-morphological characteristics. The objective of this study was to investigate the morphological diversity of maize accessions and its structure on the basis of 14 variables. For the experimentation, 43 and 98 maize accessions were planted in three replicates respectively in central and northern Benin following an incomplete randomized block. The mixed model analysis of two factors variance revealed a significant difference for all accessions considering each agro-morphological characteristic evaluated except the germination day of two areas seed accessions. The numerical classification grouped the accessions into four groups in each zone. The stepwise discriminant analysis showed that early characters related to plant height and ear insertion were the variables that discriminated accessions in both zones. Maturity and recovery ears, sensitivity to streak and the germination days are the variables that discriminate accessions of the two areas. These results provide a database for the creation of improved maize varieties that meet the needs of

关键词： Accessions Characterization Agro-Morphological Zea mays L. Benin

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Use of Multi-Method Approach for a Gravity Irrigation network Diagnosis: Case of Karfiguela Paddy Field in Burkina Faso

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Agricultural sciences 2022年第12期13卷 1396-1420页

作者： Hillary Marie Michelle Compaore Élie serge Gaë tan sauret Ouindinboudé Jacques Kissou Mahougbé August Abdon Kinglo Pascal Bazongo Poulouma Louis Yameogo Mamadou Koita Idriss serme institut national de l’Environnement et de recherches agricoles (InERA-CnRsT) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Bureau d’Etudes en Geosciences et Georessources (BUGEGO) Bobo Dioulasso Burkina Faso nazi Boni University Bobo Dioulasso Burkina Faso Projet REsOB Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Ecole nationale supérieure d’Ingénieurs de Fada n’Gourma Université de Fada N’Gourma Fada-Ngourma Burkina Faso institut International de l’Eau et de l’Environnement (2iE) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Burkina Faso is an agricultural and landlocked country whose agriculture is dependent on climatic hazards. Irrigated agriculture therefore appears as an alternative to secure, intensify and sustainably increase agricultural production. However, irrigation systems in Burkina Faso suffer from numerous technical, organizational, land and structural problems, which strongly undermine their performance. This is the case of the irrigated perimeter of Karfiguéla which since its development in 1977, has experienced insufficient water. This research has contributed to the reflection on the performance and operation of gravity irrigation networks on the irrigated perimeter in Burkina Faso and the contribution of satellite images in the mapping of irrigated perimeters. Then, an approach based on a mapping of hydraulic networks and on four main diagnostic methods were used: 1) mapping of hydraulic networks, 2) a detailed visual inspection of hydraulic infrastructure, 3) estimation of canals’ hydraulic efficiency, 4) surveys of the various actors involved in the management of the perimeter. These methods lead to the same results concerning the state of degradation and the functioning of irrigation networks in wet seasons. In terms of results, Karfiguéla perimeter has a net area of 360 ha and is supplied by a network made up of a supply canal, a primary canal, four (4) secondary canals, 37 tertiary ones, and quaternary ones for plots of water supply, all in ordinary concrete except the quaternary which are in rammed soil. The efficiency of the canals in the rainy season, greater than 100%, shows that the irrigation network during this period functions as a drainage network while the real drainage network is disorderly and non-functional. The damage to the irrigation network, siltation, grassing, erosion, overturning, large cracks and many others are all the more severe as we advance toward the Quaternary. The strickler roughness coefficient values of the order of 68 for the feede

关键词： Irrigated Perimeter Hydraulic network Rice Cultivation Water Management Remote sensing

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Performance of Two Food substrates in the Mass Rearing of Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel (Diptera: Tephritidae)

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Advances in Entomology 2023年第3期11卷 188-203页

作者： Karim nébié Ilboudo Zakaria Pagabeleguem soumaila Zaoua Hamoumapi delphine Dabiré Rémy Centre national de spécialisation en Fruits et Légumes Institut de l’Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Département de Biologie Animale et Physiologie Animale Université Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso institut des sciences de l’Environnement et du Développement Durable Université de Dédougou Dédougou Burkina Faso

The fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel is a major constraint to mango production in Burkina Faso. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of two types of food substrates in optimizing the mass rearing of B. dorsalis larvae. For this purpose, 200 eggs of B. dorsalis were divided into four batches of 50 eggs and incubated in Petri dishes containing the different food substrates (Diet 1 and Diet 2). This method was used to evaluate the rate and duration of egg hatching, as well as the development time of the different larval stages. In addition, 1200 pupae divided into four batches of 300 pupae, contained in PVC tubes, were placed inside the rearing cages to monitor the emergence of B. dorsalis. Ten pairs of B. dorsalis were placed in rearing cages and fed with Enzymatic Yeast Hydrolysate and sugar to evaluate the fecundity of female flies and the survival of both sexes. The developmental cycle length in Diet 1 and Diet 2 was 23.03 days and 23.24 days, respectively. Fecundity duration ranged from 57.75 ± 2.29 to 109.81 ± 3.81 days for females from Diet 1 and Diet 2, respectively. The pupal hatching rate varied significantly (P B. dorsalis, but the spawning index was 4 times higher with Diet 1. Most of the components of Diet 1 are available on the local market and are cheaper. Thus, we recommend the use of Diet 1 for B. dorsalis larvae mass rearing.

关键词： Fruit Fly Diachasmimorpha longicaudata Biology Food substrates Mass Rearing

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