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Performance of Twelve Mass Transfer Based Reference Evapotranspiration Models under Humid Climate

Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2017年第12期9卷 1347-1363页

作者： Koffi Djaman Komlan Koudahe Mamadou sall Isa Kabenge Daran Rudnick suat Irmak department of Plant and Environmental sciences New Mexico State University Agricultural Science Center Farmington USA ADA Consulting Africa Lomé Togo Research scientist Institut Senegalais de Recherches Agricoles Centre de Saint Louis Saint Louis Sénégal department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering Makerere University Kampala Uganda department of Biological systems Engineering University of Nebraska-Lincoln Chase Hall Lincoln USA

Reference evapotranspiration is very important parameter in the hydrological, agricultural and environmental studies and is accurately estimated by the FAO Penman-Monteith equation (FAO-PM) under different climatic conditions. However, due to data requirement of the FAO-PM equation, there is a need to investigate the applicability of alternative ETo equations under limited data. The objectives of this study were to evaluate twelve mass transfer based reference evapotranspiration equations and determine the impact of ETo equation on long term water management sustainability in Tanzania and Kenya. The results showed that the Albrecht, Brockamp-Wenner, Dalto, Meyer, Rohwer and Oudin ETo equations systematically overestimated the daily ETo at all weather stations with relative errors that varied from 34% to 94% relative to the FAO-PM ETo estimates. The Penman, Mahringer, Trabert, and the Romanenko equations performed best across Tanzania and the south Western Kenya with root mean squared errors ranging from 0.98 to 1.48 mm/day, which are relatively high and mean bias error (MBE) varying from -0.33 to 0.02 mm/day and the absolute mean error (AME) from 0.79 to 1.16 mm/day. For sustainable water management, the Trabert equation could be adopted at songea, the Mahringer equation at Tabora, the Dalton and/or the Rohwer equations at Eldoret, the Romanenko equation at Dodoma, songea and Eldoret. However, regional calibration of the most performing equation could improve water management at regional level.

关键词： Reference Evapotranspiration Mass Transfer Eastern Africa Water

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Redesigning crop varieties to win the race between climate change and food security

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Molecular Plant 2023年第10期16卷 1590-1611页

作者： Kevin V.Pixley Jill E.Cairns santiago Lopez-Ridaura Chris O.Ojiewo Maryam Abba Dawud Inoussa Drabo Taye Mindaye Baloua nebie Godfrey Asea Biswanath Das Happy Daudi Haile desmae Benoit Joseph Batieno Ousmane Boukar Clare T.M.Mukankusi stanley T.nkalubo sarah J.Hearne Kanwarpal s.Dhugga Harish Gandhi sieglinde snapp Ernesto Adair Zepeda-Villarreal International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center(CIMMYT) TexcocoMexico International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center(CIMMYT) HarareZimbabwe International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center(CIMMYT) NairobiKenya Lake Chad Research institute(LCRI) MaidiguriNigeria International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center(CIMMYT) DakarSenegal Ethiopian institute of Agricultural Research(EIAR) Addis AbabaEthiopia national Agricultural Research Organization(nARO) KampalaUganda Tanzania Agricultural Research institute(TARI) NaliendeleTanzania institut de l'Environnement et de recherches agricoles(InERA) OuagadougouBurkina Faso International institute of Tropicl Agriculture(IITA) KanoNigeria Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT KampalaUganda

Climate change poses daunting challenges to agricultural production and food *** temperatures,shifting weather patterns,and more frequent extreme events have already demonstrated their effects on local,regional,and global agricultural *** varieties that withstand climate-related stresses and are suitable for cultivation in innovative cropping systems will be crucial to maximize risk avoidance,productivity,and profitability under climate-changed *** surveyed 588 expert stakeholders to predict current and novel traits that may be essential for future pearl millet,sorghum,maize,groundnut,cowpea,and common bean varieties,particularly in sub-saharan *** then review the current progress and prospects for breeding three prioritized future-essential traits for each of these *** predict that most current breeding priorities will remain important,but that rates of genetic gain must increase to keep pace with climate challenges and consumer ***,the predicted future-essential traits include innovative breeding targets that must also be prioritized;for example,(1)optimized rhizosphere microbiome,with benefits for P,n,and water use efficiency,(2)optimized performance across or in specific cropping systems,(3)lower nighttime respiration,(4)improved stover quality,and(5)increased early *** further discuss cutting-edge tools and approaches to discover,validate,and incorporate novel genetic diversity from exotic germplasm into breeding populations with unprecedented precision,accuracy,and *** conclude that the greatest challenge to developing crop varieties to win the race between climate change and food security might be our innovativeness in defining and boldness to breed for the traits of tomorrow.

关键词： climate change food security crop breeding cropping systems expert survey sub-saharan Africa

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status of Techniques Used to Control Moulds in Maize storage in Africa

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Agricultural sciences 2022年第1期13卷 49-64页

作者： Halfane Lehmane Rafiatou Ba Durand Dah-nouvlessounon Haziz sina Gautier Roko Farid T. Bade Akim socohou Adolphe Adjanohoun Lamine Baba-Moussa Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Typing in Microbiology Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology Faculty of Sciences and Techniques University of Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Benin institut national des recherches agricoles du Bénin Cotonou Benin

In Benin, the preservation of maize is a real problem involving important physical and chemical properties losses. Physical losses are due by rodents, pests and insects and chemical losses are mainly due to fungal infection. several methods, products and practices are used by farmers to overcome these problems. The methods used do not always control the losses caused by fungal infection. The objective of the study was to make a bibliographic synthesis of the impacts induced by the items, practices and methods used to overcome the chemical losses of maize. In the search for information, the library of the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries was consulted;the archives of the library of the University of Abomey-Calavi and the national institute of Agricultural Research of Benin were also consulted. Thus, chemicals such as sofagrain, Pyrimiphos-Methyl, Thiamethoxam, Pyrimiphos-Methyl, Permethrin, deltamethrin, fumigant are used to control physical attacks on maize. Ash and plants species such as neem tree (Azadirachta indica) are generally used for the preservation and storage of maize seeds. In addition, chemicals such as arsenious anhydride and zinc phosphide are used for the preservation of corn. The use of these molecules and chemical products has negative impacts on human health and the environment. Of all the methods used, no treatment is still popularized for the reduction of the chemical losses caused by the fungal infection in corn storage.

关键词： Impact Aflatoxins Cereals Conservation Africa

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non-glide effects and dislocation core fields in BCC metals

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npj Computational Materials 2019年第1期5卷 178-185页

作者： Antoine Kraych Emmanuel Clouet Lucile dezerald Lisa Ventelon François Willaime David Rodney institut Lumière Matière UniversitéLyon 1-CNRSVilleurbanne F-69622France den-service de recherches de Métallurgie Physique CEAUniversitéParis-SaclayGif-sur-Yvette F-91191France institut Jean Lamour CNRS UMR 7198Universitéde LorraineF-54000 NancyFrance den-Département des Matériaux pour le nucléaire CEAUniversitéParis-SaclayGif-sur-Yvette F-91191France

A hallmark of low-temperature plasticity in body-centered cubic(BCC)metals is its departure from schmid’s *** aspect is that non-glide stresses,which do not produce any driving force on the dislocations,may affect the yield *** show here that this effect is due to a variation of the relaxation volume of the 1/2screw dislocations during *** predict quantitatively nonglide effects by modeling the dislocation core as an Eshelby inclusion,which couples elastically to the applied *** model explains the physical origin of the generalized yield criterion classically used to include non-schmid effects in constitutive models of BCC *** use first-principles calculations to properly account for dislocation cores and use tungsten as a reference BCC ***,the methodology developed here applies to other BCC metals,other energy models and other solids showing nonglide effects.

关键词： dislocation metals plasticity

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What is artificial meat and what does it mean for the future of the meat industry?

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第2期14卷 255-263页

作者： sarah P F Bonny Graham E Gardner David W Pethick Jean-Franois Hocquette school of Veterinary and Life sciences Murdoch UniversityMurdoch W.A. 6150 Australia InRA UMR1213 Recherches sur les HerbivoresSaint-Genès Champanelle F-63122 France Clermont Université Vet Agro Sup UMR1213 Recherches sur les HerbivoresSaint-Genès Champanelle F-63122 France

The meat industry cannot respond to increases in demand by ever increasing resource use. The industry must find solutions to issues regarding animal welfare, health and sustainability and will have to do so in the face of competition from emerging non-traditional meat and protein products in an increasingly complex regulatory environment. These novel meat and protein products, otherwise known as ‘artificial meat＇ are utilising ground breaking technologies designed to meet the issues facing the conventional meat industry. These artificial meats, in vitro or cultured meat and meat from genetically modified organisms have no real capacity to compete with conventional meat production in the present environment. However, meat replacements manufactured from plant proteins and mycoproteins are currently the biggest competitors and are gaining a small percentage of the market. Manufactured meats may push conventional meat into the premium end of the market, and supply the bulk, cheap end of the market if conventional meat products become more expensive and the palatability and versatility of manufactured meats improve. In time the technology for other artificial meats such as meat from genetic modified organisms or cultured meat may become sufficiently developed for these products to enter the market with no complexity of the competition between meat products. Conventional meat producers can assimilate agroecology ecology concepts in order to develop sustainable animal production systems. The conventional meat industry can also benefit from assimilating biotechnologies such as cloning and genetic modification technologies, using the technology to adapt to the changing environment and respond to the increasing competition from artificial meats. Although it will depend at least partly on the evolution of conventional meat production, the future of artificial meat produced from stem cells appears uncertain at this time.

关键词： artificial meat in vitro meat meat industry consumer satisfaction sustainable production

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Molecular Characterization of a Large Diversity of Bambara Groundnut Potyviruses (Vigna subterranea(L.) Verdc.) in Burkina Faso

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2019年第9期10卷 270-281页

作者： Aboubié Elisabeth Zongo Bouma James néya Essowé Palanga Drissa sérémé Moustapha Koala Régis Dimitri sokpé Longué Jean Zabré Zakaria Bouda nicolas Barro Oumar Traoré Laboratoire de Virologie et de Biotechnologie Végétale (LVBV)/institut de l’Environnement et de recherches agricoles (InERA) & Laboratoire Mixte Internationale (LMI) Patho-Bios/InERA Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Université Ouaga I Professeur Joseph Ki-Zerbo Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire national de Biosécurité Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Potyviruses are major constraints to grain legume production by causing significant yield losses. Potyviruses infecting Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea) were investigated in Burkina Faso. Leaf samples collected from three agroclimatic zones were subjected to RT-PCR and sequence analyses. Of a total of 135 samples, 36 (26.67%) were detected positive in RT-PCR tests using potyvirus universal primers. Analysis of full coat protein (cp) sequences from 24 isolates revealed the occurrence of three groups of Bambara groundnut-infecting potyviruses. Virus isolates in group 1 shared 94.5% - 100% nucleotide (nt) identity with CABMV whereas those in group 2 and group 3 were distantly related Bean common necrosis virus (BCMnV) and Passiflora virus Ugandan which were their respective closest potyviruses. Group 2 shared 77.1% nt and 78.8% - 79.9% aa identity with BCMnV and group 3 shared 77.3% - 78.3% nt and 80.7% - 81.5% aa identity with Passiflora virus Ugandan. All three groups were confirmed by phylogenetic analyses. Taking into account potyvirus demarcation criteria, group 1 isolates belonged to CABMV species. Group 2 and group 3 were assigned to a potentially new potyviruses species and designated Bambara groundnut potyvirus 1 (BGPV1) and Bambara groundnut potyvirus 2 (BGPV2).

关键词： Bambara Groundnut Potyvirus Characterization Coat Protein sequence Diversity

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Impact of Cowpea mottle viruson the Growth and Yield of Bambara Groundnut (Vigna subterranean(L.) Verdc.)

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American Journal of Plant sciences 2018年第10期9卷 2053-2062页

作者： Elisabeth Zongo Bouma James néya Valentin stanislas Edgar Traoré Essowé Palanga Jean Zabré nicolas Barro Oumar Traoré Laboratoire de Virologie et de Biotechnologie Végétale (LVBV)/institut de l’Environnement et de recherches agricoles (InERA) & Laboratoire Mixte Internationale (LMI) Patho-Bios/InERA Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Université Ouaga I Professeur Joseph Ki-Zerbo Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire national de Biosécurité Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Bambara groundnut [Vigna subterranean (L.) Verdc] is a food legume with high potential for food security in sub-saharan Africa. However, in addition to being a neglected crop, its production is limited by several constraints among which viral diseases are most cited. In order to contribute to the improvement of Bambara groundnut in Burkina Faso, local accessions of the crop were screened for resistance to Cowpea mottle virus (CPMoV), one of the most damaging viruses in grain legumes. seven local accessions (C1 to C7) from two agro-ecological zones were evaluated by mechanical inoculation in field conditions in 2016 and 2017. The infected plants exhibited various symptoms of chlorosis, leaf deformation, growth retardation and plant stunting. CPMoV caused a significant reduction in the number of flowers and pods. As a result, grain yield was reduced by 49.5% to 83.9% depending on the accessions. The impact of the virus in yield loss was lowest in accessions C6 and C7 which indicated their possible used in the management of Cowpea mottle virus disease in bambara groundnut.

关键词： Bambara Groundnut Cowpea mottle virus Impact Yield Loss

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Impact of disturbance from roadworks on Pteleopsis suberosa regeneration in roadside environments in Burkina Faso, West Africa

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Journal of Forestry Research 2009年第4期20卷 355-361,I0007页

作者： Fidèle BOGnOUnOU Patrice sAVADOGO Adjima THIOMBIAnO Mulualem TIGABU Issaka Joseph BOUssIM Per Christer Oden sita GUInKO Université de Ouagadougou Unité de Formation et Recherche en Sciences de la Vie et de la Terre swedish Univ. of Agricultural sciences Faculty of Forest Sciences Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre Centre national de la Recherche scientifique et Technologique Institut de l’Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles Département Productions Forestières

The seedling population structure of Pteleopsis suberosa and their regeneration mechanisms were investigated in four roadside environments （graded, adjacent, intermediate and ungraded areas） along paved and unpaved roads in West Africa. A total of 203 quadrats of 2 m × 5 m in size were surveyed and placed along transects parallel to the roads. Within each quadrat, the total number of seedlings and the number of living shoots per seedling base were recorded. Regeneration mechanisms were determined by assessing basal and aerial sprouts and excavating the root systems below ground level. The results show that the total seedling density and the densities of single- and multi-stemmed individuals varied significantly （p 〈 0.05） among the four roadside environments. However, all seedlings were produced asexually; root suckers were predominant （98%） compared to water sprout （1%） and coppices （less than 1%）. This study demonstrates that an intermediate level of soil disturbance from grading along paved and unpaved roads may stimulate P. suberosa regeneration by root suck- ering. Road type （paved and unpaved） did not affect seedling density, but was a highly significant variable in relation to the coppicing ability of P. suberosa populations in roadside sites. In conclusion, P. suberosa is a disturbance-tolerant species which can proliferate mainly by root suckering after roadwork disturbance.

关键词： Pteleopsis suberosa roadwork disturbance, seedling, regeneration, root sucker

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Impact of smart Valley on soil Moisture Content and Rice Yield in some Lowlands in Burkina Faso

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Agricultural sciences 2020年第9期11卷 860-868页

作者： Bama nati Aïssata delphine Dossou Yovo Elliott Gbané Mahanat Vanessa Gnépi Elvire soulama Issa Ibrahima Ouedraogo Adama Ouédraogo institut de l’Environnement et de recherches agricoles Département de Production Végétale INERA Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Africa Rice Center (AfricaRice) Cotonou Benin institut International d’Ingénierie de l’Eau et de l’Environnement Laboratoire Eaux Hydro-Systèmes et Agriculture Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Centre Agricole Polyvalent de Martourkou Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso

To reduce the impact of rainfall variability on lowland rice yields, Burkina Faso state develops lowlands for small rice farmers. However, the high cost of these infrastructures makes impossible to duplicate them to satisfy the needs which are enormous. The smart-Valley technology which is actually popularized in certain coastal countries of West Africa would therefore be a boon to increase the productivity of the sudanese lowlands if it well regulates runoff. The object of this study was therefore to know if smart valley technology could increase soil moisture in order to mitigate the impact of drought’s pockets on rice cultivation in the sudanese lowlands. The experiment takes place in three lowlands during the rainy seasons 2018 and 2019. The climatic data comes from the meteorological stations in the study areas as well as those installed on the sites. The infiltration measurements were carried out using the double Muntz ring. The soil moisture measurement device consisted of a smart valley area of 5 ha and an undeveloped area of 5 ha per site. sixteen tubes were installed per lowland allowing the humidity to be measured at a depth of 10, 20, 30, 40 cm using a probe. Four rice varieties, Orylux6, FKR62n, FKR19 and FKR64 were tested on plots of 0.25 ha per variety in the smart valley and undeveloped parts. The results showed that the humidity level was 12% higher in the smart-valley plots throughout the cycle compared to the unmanaged area. In addition, humidity decreases rapidly in unmanaged plots as rain becomes increasingly scarce. Finally, the smart-valley development allowed an average increase in rice yields of 21% compared to the average yield of undeveloped plots.

关键词： smart Valley soil Moisture Lowland development Rice Productivity Rain

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Use of Multi-Method Approach for a Gravity Irrigation network Diagnosis: Case of Karfiguela Paddy Field in Burkina Faso

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Agricultural sciences 2022年第12期13卷 1396-1420页

作者： Hillary Marie Michelle Compaore Élie serge Gaë tan sauret Ouindinboudé Jacques Kissou Mahougbé August Abdon Kinglo Pascal Bazongo Poulouma Louis Yameogo Mamadou Koita Idriss serme institut national de l’Environnement et de recherches agricoles (InERA-CnRsT) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Bureau d’Etudes en Geosciences et Georessources (BUGEGO) Bobo Dioulasso Burkina Faso nazi Boni University Bobo Dioulasso Burkina Faso Projet REsOB Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Ecole nationale supérieure d’Ingénieurs de Fada n’Gourma Université de Fada N’Gourma Fada-Ngourma Burkina Faso institut International de l’Eau et de l’Environnement (2iE) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Burkina Faso is an agricultural and landlocked country whose agriculture is dependent on climatic hazards. Irrigated agriculture therefore appears as an alternative to secure, intensify and sustainably increase agricultural production. However, irrigation systems in Burkina Faso suffer from numerous technical, organizational, land and structural problems, which strongly undermine their performance. This is the case of the irrigated perimeter of Karfiguéla which since its development in 1977, has experienced insufficient water. This research has contributed to the reflection on the performance and operation of gravity irrigation networks on the irrigated perimeter in Burkina Faso and the contribution of satellite images in the mapping of irrigated perimeters. Then, an approach based on a mapping of hydraulic networks and on four main diagnostic methods were used: 1) mapping of hydraulic networks, 2) a detailed visual inspection of hydraulic infrastructure, 3) estimation of canals’ hydraulic efficiency, 4) surveys of the various actors involved in the management of the perimeter. These methods lead to the same results concerning the state of degradation and the functioning of irrigation networks in wet seasons. In terms of results, Karfiguéla perimeter has a net area of 360 ha and is supplied by a network made up of a supply canal, a primary canal, four (4) secondary canals, 37 tertiary ones, and quaternary ones for plots of water supply, all in ordinary concrete except the quaternary which are in rammed soil. The efficiency of the canals in the rainy season, greater than 100%, shows that the irrigation network during this period functions as a drainage network while the real drainage network is disorderly and non-functional. The damage to the irrigation network, siltation, grassing, erosion, overturning, large cracks and many others are all the more severe as we advance toward the Quaternary. The strickler roughness coefficient values of the order of 68 for the feede

关键词： Irrigated Perimeter Hydraulic network Rice Cultivation Water Management Remote sensing

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