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Reactions of Maruca Resistant Transgenic Cowpea to Cowpea Aphid-Borne Mosaic Virus

Agricultural sciences 2024年第7期15卷 742-753页

作者： Mounyratou Rabo Moustapha Ouédraogo Orokia Coulibaly Assita Traoré-Barro salimata Traoré Teyioue Benoit Joseph Batieno Chantal Kaboré-Zoungrana Aboubacar Toguyeni Oumar Traoré Laboratoire national de Bioscurit Agence Nationale de Bioscurit (ANB) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso institut de lEnvironnement et recherches agricoles Dpartement Productions Vgtales Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire detudes et de recherches sur les Ressources naturelles et les sciences de lEnvironnement (LERnsE) Universit Nazi BONI Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Laboratoire de Gntique et Amlioration des Plantes (LAGAMEP) Institut de lEnvironnement et Recherches Agricoles Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire de Protection et Dfense des Cultures (LAPROdeC) Institut de lEnvironnement et Recherches Agricoles Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. [Walp.]) in one of the main grain legumes contributing to food security and poverty alleviation in sub-saharan Africa. To control the highly damaging legume pod borer Maruca vitrata F., transgenic cowpea lines expressing the insecticidal Cry1Ab Bt protein were developed. In this study, we evaluated the impact of Cry1Ab transgene expression on the susceptibility of four cowpea lines (named IT97K-T, IT98K-T, Gourgou-T and nafi-T) and their respective non-transgenic near isogenic lines (IT97K, IT98K, Gourgou and nafi) to Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (CABMV) in greenhouse conditions. In a preliminary quality control test by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, the presence of Cry1Ab protein in transgenic seed lots ranged from 59% to 72%, with no significant differences among the lines (χ2 = 3.26;p = 0.35). Upon virus inoculation, all cowpea lines exhibited mosaic symptoms with similar severity between 7- and 11-day post-inoculation. no significant differences were observed in symptom severity. significant differences were found between cowpea lines for time of symptom onset, virus accumulation in plants and days to 50% flowering. However, while comparing pairs of transgenic lines and corresponding non-transgenic lines, virus accumulation showed not significant differences whatever the pair. Time of symptom onset and days to 50% flowering did not also differ significantly between pairs of cowpea lines except nafi/nafi-T in which transgenic nafi-T showed earlier symptoms (7.4 ± 0.7 vs. 8.9 ± 0.8 days post-inoculation) and shorter flowering time (37.3 ± 0.6 vs. 42 ± 1.7 days after sowing). Overall, these findings improve our understanding of the effects of Cry1Ab gene mediated genetic modification on cowpea infection by Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus, with potential implications for environmental safety assessment.

关键词： Cowpea Cry1Ab Cowpea Aphid-Borne Mosaic Virus Environmental safety

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The Essential Oil of Ocimum americanum from senegal and Gambia as a source of Methyleugenol for the Control of Bactrocera dorsalis, Fruit Fly

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Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment 2024年第1期13卷 133-141页

作者： Yoro Tine Antonio Alain Coffi sinzogan Ousmane ndiaye Cebastiana sambou Alioune Diallo Ismaila Mbenga Kemo Badji El Hadji Omar Dieng Assa Balayara Jeanne Diatta Cheikhouna Gaye Julien Paolini Jean Costa Alassane Wele saliou ngom Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Thérapeutique Faculté de Médecine Pharmacie et Odontologie Université Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar Sénégal Faculte des sciences Agronomiques Universite d’Abomey Calavi Cotonou Benin Ecole nationale supérieure d’Agriculture (EnsA) Université Iba Der Thiam de Thiès Thiès Sénégal Direction de la Protection des Végétaux Rufisque Sénégal Laboratoire de Chimie des Produits naturels Université de Corse Corte France national Agricultural Research institute (nARI) Sere Kunda Gambia institut sénégalais de recherches agricoles (IsRA) Dakar Sénégal

The fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae) is one of the most important pests in all mango-producing areas, particularly in West Africa. In senegal, O. americanum leaves have been used for several years to control this fly. However, to our knowledge, no chemical studies have been carried out. Thus, the aim of this study is to determine the chemical composition of the essential oil of O. americanum leaves collected in senegal and Gambia. The essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation of these leaves is analyzed by GC/FID and GC/Ms. Yields of essential oils from O. americanum leaves are 3.84% and 2.13%, respectively. Analysis of these essential oils by GC/FID and GC/Ms allowed the identification of 23 compounds representing almost 100% of the total compositions. These essential oils are mainly dominated by methyleugenol (72.0% and 75.8%, respectively). Other components in significant percent are trans-β-caryophyllene (13.9% and 13.0%, respectively), germacrene D (4.1% and 3.7%, respectively), β-elemene (3.3% and 0.9%, respectively). Due to the high methyleugenol content, this study explains the attractive potential of O. americanum towards B. dorsalis. In perspective, we plan to evaluate the attractive effect of the essential oil and leaf powder of O. americanum against B. dorsalis, a real pest of mango orchards in senegal.

关键词： Ocimum americanum Essential Oils Methyleugenol Bactrocera dorsalis GC/Ms

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Feeding Practices and Use of Lysine and Methionine in Pigrationing on Intensified Pig Breeding in the West Center and Hauts Bassins Regions of Burkina Faso

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Open Journal of Animal sciences 2024年第1期14卷 23-38页

作者： Isidor Zangbéwindin Ouedraogo Timbilfou Kiendrebeogo Aboubacar Toguyeni Chantal Yvette Kabore-Zoungrana Laboratoire d’Etudes et de recherches sur les Ressources naturelles et les sciences de l’Environnement (LERnsE) Universit&#233 Nazi Boni Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Laboratoire de Recherche et d’Etudes en Production et santé Animales (LAREPsA) D&#233partement Productions Animales (DPA) l’Institut de l’Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA) Station de Farako-B&#226 Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Laboratoire Central d’Horticulture (LCH) Station de Recherche de Farako-B&#226 Institut de l’Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA) Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Ministère de l’Agriculture des Ressources Animales et Halieutiques (MARAH) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

The aim of the study was to assess feeding practices and the use of lysine and methionine in pig rationing on intensified and semi-intensive pig breeding in the Koudougou and Bobo-Dioulasso areas. To this end, a cross-sectional survey was carried out on 87 breeding in these towns. A Discriminant Factorial Analysis (DFA) confirming a k-means classification of the data collected was used to retain 71 breeding divided into three breeding classes: Class A (32.4% of breeding), Class B (14.08%) and Class C (53.52%). The results show that the majority of pig breeders were men between the ages of 36 and 59. Average herd sizes were 35 ± 28;79 ± 42 and 89 ± 21 pigs for Classes A, B and C respectively. The main breeds of pig found on the breeding were crossbred, Large white, local, Landrace and Duroc. Class A (26.1%), B (30%) and C (15.8%) breeders were familiar with both lysine and methionine. Class A breeders distributed feed staggered (65.2%) and in rations (34.8%). Lysine (13%) and methionine (8.7%) were purchased at 5250 FCFA/kg. Those in class B distributed feed staggered (50%) and in the form of rations (50%), in which they incorporated lysine (30%) and methionine (30%) purchased at a cost of 2500 FCFA/kg and 3000 FCFA/kg respectively. Rationing and staggered feeding were practiced by 23.7% and 76.3% of Class C breeders respectively. Only lysine purchased at 3400 FCFA/kg was incorporated into rations by 10.5% of breeders. The high cost of lysine and methionine was incriminated by Class A (100%), B (33.3%) and C (50%) breeders. In conclusion, intensive pig breeding, the practice of rationing and the incorporation of the amino acids lysine and methionine are of ascending importance from classes C, A to B. The high cost of feedstuffs, particularly lysine and methionine, compromises their use in rations, which could have a negative impact on expected breeding performance. The screening and use of feeds rich in and/or enriched with these amino acids, through the development

关键词： Feeding Practices Lysine Methionine Intensive Pig Breeding Burkina Faso

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Technical-Economic Performance, Carcass and Meat Quality of COBB500 Broilers Fed Rations Incorporating Mango By-Product Feeds in Ivory Coast (West Africa)

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Open Journal of Animal sciences 2024年第1期14卷 1-13页

作者： Timbilfou Kiendrébéogo Alidjata Traoré Etienne sodre Drissa Barry Isidor Ouedraogo Marcelle Grace Koidja Vianney Tarpaga Centre national de la Recherche scientifique et Technologique Institut de l’Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles Laboratoire de Recherches en Production et Santé Animales (LAREPSA) Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Centre national de la Recherche scientifique et Technologique Institut de l’Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles Laboratoire Central d’Horticulture (LCH) Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Laboratoire d’Etude des Ressources naturelles et des sciences de l’Environnement (LERnsE) Ecole Doctorale Sciences Naturelles et Agronomie (ED-SNA) Université Nazi BONI Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Université Catholique de l’Afrique de l’Ouest (UCAO) section du Burkina Faso Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Direction Régionale de l’Agriculture des Ressources Animales et Halieutiques de l’Est Fada Burkina Faso

The study evaluated the growth performance and carcass quality of COBB500 broilers fed two experimental rations incorporating feed and mango fine ED10 for a batch of 83 birds, ED20 (batch of 83 birds) in comparison wi... 详细信息

The study evaluated the growth performance and carcass quality of COBB500 broilers fed two experimental rations incorporating feed and mango fine EDsub>10sub> for a batch of 83 birds, EDsub>20sub> (batch of 83 birds) in comparison with a commercial control ration CCD (84 birds). For this purpose, 250 day-old chicks of this breed were purchased in Korhogo and transported to Tengréla in Ivory Coast for rearing. The results show that substituting mango provender ans and mango seed flour for maize resulted in rations with costs per kgMs of 215.35FCFA, 2016.93FCFA and 320FCFA for the EDsub>10sub>, EDsub>20sub> and CCD rations respectively. The production costs per kg of chicken (FCPkgLW) of the CCD ration were significantly higher than those of the ED10 and EDsub>20sub> (p 0.05). ADGs were significantly different and decreasing from CCD, EDsub>20sub> to EDsub>10sub> (p 0.05). Average weights at 42nd day for EDsub>20sub> and CCD were homogeneous (p > 0.05) and significantly higher than for EDsub>10sub> (p 0.05). By day 49th the average weight of EDsub>20sub> had reached and exceeded that of CCD by day 42nd. PsLW, HCW and CCW were significantly different and decreasing from CCW, EDsub>20sub> to EDsub>10sub> (p 0.05). Average hot (HCY) and cooled (CCY) carcass yields of EDsub>20sub> and CCD rations were comparable (p > 0.05) and significantly higher than those of EDsub>10sub> ration (p = 0.009) and 0.003). Average drumstick and neck weights were significantly higher and lower for CCD, EDsub>20sub> and EDsub>10sub> (p 0.05). For all other parts of the cut, the average weights of the CCD ration were significantly higher (p 0.05) than those of the EDsub>20sub> and EDsub>10sub> rations, which were homogeneous (p 0.05). The incorporation of mango provender and mango seed flour in broiler rations offers the prospect of reduced production costs, less competition between man and animals over cereals, and lean meat production tha

关键词： Broiler COOB 500 Chickens Mango Feed Carcass Characteristics Tengrela Ivory Coast

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Identification of Microorganisms in Poultry Farms in n’djamena and the Border Areas of Hadjer-Lamis and Chari-Baguirmi Chad

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Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment 2024年第2期13卷 223-234页

作者： Abakar Abbo Zakaria Bebanto Antipas Ban-Bo nadine Terei Bongo naré Richard Gandolo Abdelsalam Adoum Doutoum Labortoire de Rattachement IRED (institut de recherches en Elevage pour le Dé veloppement) University of N&#8217Djamena N&#8217Djamena Chad Laboratory of Biochemistry-Cellular and Molecular Biology-Microbiology (L2BCM) Faculty of Exact and Applied Sciences University of N&#8217Djamena N&#8217Djamena Chad Livestock Research institute for development (IRED) N&#8217Djamena Chad Adam Barka University of Abé ch&#233 Ab&#233ch&#233 Chad

Introduction: On the outskirts of ndjamena, semi-industrial poultry farming and traditional poultry farming are practised informally on almost all poultry farms in Chad. This type of poultry farming is faced with real health problems attributable to a lack of monitoring of the vaccination schedule, inadequate compliance with biosecurity measures and poor application of the Ichikawa rule based on the 5 M’s. Objective: The aim of this article is to identify the microorganisms responsible for contamination of poultry farms in the study area. Method: The study was carried out from 28/04/2022 to 31/01/2023 on the basis of 300 samples taken from feed, drinking water, droppings and scrapings from poultry housing surfaces in the 30 farms that served as a framework for our research. sampling was of the simple random type, and farms were selected on the basis of the farmers’ consent. The data were recorded on pre-established survey forms. Our study was cross-sectional, descriptive and prospective. Bacteria were isolated using the reference method nF En IsO 6579 for salmonella spp. and cultured on the specific medium eosin methylene blue (EMB) for Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas and Citrobacter freundii. Results: The following results emerged from this study: Escherichia coli (5.33%), Pseudomonas (1.33%), Citrobacter freundii (12%) and salmonella paratyphi (21.68%). Conclusion: Of the 300 samples analysed, 121 (40.33%) were contaminated with pathogens. This high level of contamination is a health problem. The study shows that biosecurity is less satisfactory on the farms visited. nevertheless, farms with a very satisfactory level of biosafety ensure food safety and variety for the population.

关键词： Microorganisms Identification Poultry Farms n’Djamena Hadjer-Lamis Chari-Baguirmi(Chad)

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Anthropogenic Threats to degraded Forest Land in the savannahs’ Region of Togo from 1984 to 2020, West Africa

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2024年第1期12卷 164-179页

作者： Kossi senyo Ehlui Wouyo Atakpama Henrik von Wehrden Alagie Bah Edinam Kola Christian Anthony-Krueger Hodabalo Egbelou Kokouvi Bruno Kokou Tchaa Boukpessi West Africa science service Center on Climate Change and Adapted Land Use (WAsCAL) University of the Gambia Banjul Gambia Laboratoire de Recherche sur la Dynamique des Milieux et des sociétés Université de Lomé Lomé Togo Laboratoire de Botanique et écologie Végétale Département Botanique Faculté des Sciences Université de Lomé Lomé Togo West Africa Plant Red List Authority (WAPRLA) IUCN Species Survival Commission Gland Switzerland Faculty of sustainability Center of Methods Leuphana University of Lüneburg Lüneburg Germany Center for International Forestry Research and World Agroforestry (CIFOR-ICRAF) Nairobi Kenya Laboratoire de Recherche sur la Dynamique des Milieux et des sociétés (LARDYMEs) Department of Geography FSHS University of Lomé Lome Togo department of science Education University of Cape Coast Cape Coast Ghana institut Togolais de recherches Agronomiques (ITRA) Lomé Togo Laboratoire de recherches Biogéographiques et d’Etudes Environnementales Department of Geography University of Lome Lome Togo

This study focuses on the landscape dynamics of the savannahs’ region in the far north of Togo. Based on a literature review and satellite images analysis using GIs and remote sensing, the study aims to ascertain the effects of anthropogenic threats on the forest coverage of the savannahs’ Region between 1984 to 2020. The objective is to clarify the dynamics of land use in the region from 1984 to 2000 and from 2000 to 2020. The findings indicate a significant decline in forest coverage within the region from 1984 to 2020, a trend attributed to land use patterns. Dry forests in the savannah region are largely converted to farmlands, housing, dry savannahs or agroforestry parks, leading to a steady reduction in forest areas.

关键词： Forest degradation Land Use Land Cover savannahs Region Togo

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national soil Organic Carbon stocks Inventories under Different Mangrove Forest Types in Gabon

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Open Journal of Forestry 2024年第2期14卷 127-140页

作者： Rolf Gaël Mabicka Obame neil-Yohan Musadji Jean Hervé Mve Beh Lydie-stella Koutika Jean Aubin Ondo Farrel nzigou Boucka Michel Mbina Mounguengui Claude Geffroy Dé partement de Phytotechnologie Institut National d&#8217Agronomie et de Biotechnologies Universit&#233 des Sciences et Techniques de Masuku Franceville Gabon Dé partement des Sciences Fondamentales de l&#8217Ing&#233nieur Institut National d&#8217Agronomie et de Biotechnologies Universit&#233 des Sciences et Techniques de Masuku Franceville Gabon institut Agronomiques et Forestiè res Centre National des Recherches Scientifiques et Technologiques Libreville Gabon Research Centre on the Durability and the Productivity of Industrial Plantations (CRDPI) Pointe Noire Republic of Congo Laboratoire Pluridisciplinaire des sciences &#201cole Normale Sup&#233rieure Libreville Gabon Agence Gabonaise d’ &#201tude et d&#8217Observation Spatiale Immeuble les Arcades Libreville Gabon Dé partement de G&#233ologie Faculte des Sciences Universit&#233 des Sciences et Techniques de Masuku Franceville Gabon institut de Chimie des Milieux et Maté riaux de Poitiers (IC2MP) Universit&#233 de Poitiers Poitiers France

Gabonese’s estuary is an important coastal mangrove setting and soil plays a key role in mangrove carbon storage in mangrove forests. However, the spatial variation in soil organic carbon (sOC) storage remain unclear. To address this gap, determining the sOC spatial variation in Gabonese’s estuarine is essential for better understanding the global carbon cycle. The present study compared soil organic carbon between northern and southern sites in different mangrove forest, Rhizophora racemosa and Avicennia germinans. The results showed that the mean sOC stocks at 1 m depth were 256.28 ± 127.29 MgC hasup>−sup>sup>1sup>. Among the different regions, sOC in northern zone was significantly (p p deeper layers contained higher sOC stocks (254.62 ± 128.09 MgC hasup>−sup>sup>1sup>) than upper layers (55.42 ± 25.37 MgC hasup>−sup>sup>1sup>). The study highlights that low deforestation rate have led to less COsub>2sub> (705.3 Mg COsub>2sub>e hasup>−sup>sup>1sup> - 922.62 Mg COsub>2sub>e hasup>−sup>sup>1sup>) emissions than most sediment carbon-rich mangroves in the world. These results highlight the influence of soil texture and mangrove forest types on the mangrove sOC stocks. The first national comparison of soil organic carbon stocks between mangroves and upland tropical forests indicated sOC stocks were two times more in mangroves soils (51.21 ± 45.00 MgC hasup>−sup>sup>1sup>) than primary (20.33 ± 12.7 MgC hasup>−sup>sup>1sup>), savanna and cropland (21.71 ± 15.10 MgC hasup>−sup>sup>1sup>). We find that mangroves in this study emit lower dioxide-carbon equivalent emissions. This study highlights the importance of national inventories of soil organic carbon and can be used as a baseline on the role of mangroves in carbon sequestration and climate change mitigation but the variation in sOC stocks indicates the need for further national data.

关键词： Mangroves Forest soil Organic Carbon stocks Rizophora Racemose Avicenia germinans Gabon

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deep learning methods for biotic and abiotic stresses detection and classification in fruits and vegetables:state of the art and perspectives

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Artificial Intelligence in Agriculture 2023年第3期9卷 46-60页

作者： sèton Calmette Ariane Houetohossou Vinasetan Ratheil Houndji Castro Gbêmêmali Hounmenou Rachidatou sikirou Romain Lucas Glele Kakaï Laboratoire de Biomathématiques et d'Estimations Forestières Faculty of Agronomic SciencesUniversity of Abomey-Calavi04 BP 1525CotonouBenin institut de Formation et de Recherche en Informatique University of Abomey-Calavi01 BP 526CotonouBenin Laboratoire de Défense des Cultures Centre de Recherches Agricoles d'AgonkanmeyInstitut National des Recherches Agricoles du Bénin(INRAB)01 BP 884CotonouBenin

deep Learning(DL),a type of Machine Learning,has gained significant interest in many fields,including *** paper aims to shed light on deep learning techniques used in agriculture for abiotic and biotic stress detection in fruits and vegetables,their benefits,and the challenges faced by *** papers were collected from Web of science,scopus,Google scholar,springer,and Directory of Open Access Journals(DOAJ)using combinations of specific keywords such as:’deep Learning’OR’Artificial Intelligence’in combination with fruit disease’,vegetable disease’,‘fruit stress',OR‘vegetable stress'following PRIsMA *** the initial 818 papers identified using the keywords,132 were reviewed after excluding books,reviews,and the *** recovered scientific papers were from 2003 to 2022;93%addressed biotic stress on fruits and *** most common biotic stresses on species are fungal diseases(grey spots,brown spots,black spots,downy mildew,powdery mildew,and anthracnose).Few studies were interested in abiotic stresses(nutrient deficiency,water stress,light intensity,and heavy metal contamination).deep Learning and Convolutional neural networks were the most used keywords,with Googlenet(18.28%),Resnet50(16.67%),and VGG16(16.67%)as the most used ***-two percent of the data used to compile these models come from the fields,followed by data obtained *** problems due to unbalanced classes and the small size of some databases were also *** provided the research gaps and some perspectives from the reviewed *** research works are required for a deep understanding of the use of machine learning techniques in fruit and vegetable studies:collection of large datasets according to different scenarios on fruit and vegetable diseases,evaluation of the effect of climatic variability on the fruit and vegetable yield using AI methods and more abiotic stress studies.

关键词： deep learning Prediction Fruits Vegetables stress Agricultural yield

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Grazing effects on vegetation dynamics in the savannah ecosystems of the sahel

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Ecological Processes 2023年第4期12卷 110-121页

作者： Haftay Hailu Gebremedhn Ousmane ndiaye sylvanus Mensah Cofélas Fassinou simon Taugourdeau Torbern Tagesson Paulo salgado African Center of Excellence for Climate-smart Agriculture and Biodiversity Conservation Haramaya University Dispositif en Partenariat 《 P?le Pastoralisme Et Zones sèches 》 Route du Front de Terre BP 2057 P?le de Recherche de Hann ISRA Centre de recherches Zootechniques de Dahra Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles Laboratoire de Biomathématiques et d’Estimations Forestières Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques Université d’Abomey-Calavi Chair of Forest Growth and dendroecology Albert-Ludwigs-Universit?t Freiburg Faculté des sciences et Techniques Département BV Université Cheikh-Anta-Diop UMR sELMET CIRAD INRAE Institut Agro Univ Montpellier department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem science Lund University department of Geosciences and natural Resource Management University of Copenhagen

Background The savannah ecosystems of sahel have experienced continuous and heavy grazing of livestock for centuries but still, their vegetation response to grazing pressure remains poorly understood. In this study, we analysed the herbaceous plant dynamics, measured by species diversity, composition, cover, and biomass in response to grazing pressure in the savannah ecosystems of sahel. In senegal, we selected four savannah sites represented with high, moderate, light and no grazing intensity levels. Transect survey methods were used for sampling the vegetation data within each of the sites. species richness and composition were analysed using species accumulation curve and multivariate analyses. Furthermore, we used General Linear Models and a piecewise structural Equation Model(p sEM) to examine the relationships between grazing intensity, vegetation cover, diversity and *** The herbaceous species diversity and composition varied significantly among the different grazing intensity levels(p nt species composition shifted from the dominance of grass cover to the dominance of forb cover with increasing grazing pressure. Moreover, the attributes of species diversity, herbaceous biomass, and ground cover were higher on sites with low grazing than sites with high and moderate grazing intensity. Across all sites, species diversity was positively related to total biomass. The p sEM explained 37% of the variance in total biomass and revealed that grazing intensity negatively influenced total biomass both directly and indirectly through its negative influence on species *** Managing grazing intensity may lead to higher plant production and higher mixed forage establishment in the dryland savannah ecosystems. This information can be used to support land management strategies and promote sustainable grazing practices that balance the needs of livestock with the conservation of ecosystem health and biodiversity.

关键词： Biomass Biodiversity Diodella sarmentosa Forb Grazing intensity Invasive species Pastoral ecosystem senegal West Africa

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Functional groups of sahelian trees in a semiarid agroforestry system of senegal

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2018年第3期11卷 375-384页

作者： Joseph s.Diémé Mayécor Diouf Cristina Armas Graciela MRusch Francisco I.Pugnaire Estación Experimental de ZonasÁridas Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasCtra.de Sacramento s/n04120 La CañadaAlmeríaSpain Centre national de recherches Forestières Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles(CNRF/ISRA)DakarSenegal norwegian institute for nature Research TrondheimNorway

Aims Addressing plant responses to water stress is critical to understand the structure of plant communities in water-limited environments and to forecast their resilience to future changes in *** a semiarid agroforestry system in the sahelian savannah of Leona(senegal),we selected nine common tree species and explored their stress-resistance *** species represent a variety of life forms and are of high regional socio-economic *** hypothesized that different species would show different suites of traits to cope with water stress and expected to identify functional groups differing in strategies to withstand water *** Along a dry and a wet season,we monitored four traits reflecting above-and below-ground strategies of resource acquisition such as predawn leaf water potential(ψpd),specific leaf area(sLA),leaf thickness and leaf area index(LAI).We also measured two mor-phological traits:trunk diameter and tree *** andψpd were measured six times during the dry and rainy seasons,and the other traits were measured *** Findings We identified two functional classes subdivided into two func-tional groups of each *** first class included deciduous and semi-deciduous species that generally had large sLA,low leaf thickness and small-to-intermediate inter-seasonal varia-tions inψ*** second class included evergreen species of two functional groups that differ in sLA,leaf thickness and the mag-nitude of inter-seasonal variations ofψpd throughout the *** four functional groups identified in this study represent plant strategies differing in their response to changing environmental conditions.

关键词： Acacia tortilis Adansonia digitata Balanites aegyptiaca Celtis integrifolia Combretum glutinosum Faidherbia albida functional traits neocarya macrophyla sclerocarya birrea Tamarindus indica water stress

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