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Optimal Classification of Minerals by Microscopic Image Analysis Based on Seven-State “Deep Learning” Combined with Optimizers

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2024年第6期14卷 1550-1572页

作者： Kouadio Krah Sie Ouattara Gbele Ouattara Alain Clement Joseph Vangah Laboratoire de Gnie Civil Gosciences et Sciences Gographiques Institut National Polytechnique Houphout Boigny (INPHB) Yamoussoukro Cte dIvoire institut national polytechnique Houphout Boigny (INPHB) Ecole Doctorale Polytechnique (EDP) Yamoussoukro Cte dIvoire Laboratoire des Sciences et Technologies de la Communication et de lInformation (LSTCI) Institut National Polytechnique Houphout Boigny (INP-HB) Yamoussoukro Cte dIvoire Ecole de Gomatique et du Territoire (EGT) Abidjan Cte dIvoire LARIS SFR MATHSTIC Universit dAngers Angers France Universit Virtuelle de Cte dIvoire Abidjan Cte dIvoire

The development of artificial intelligence (AI), particularly deep learning, has made it possible to accelerate and improve the processing of data collected in different fields (commerce, medicine, surveillance or security, agriculture, etc.). Most related works use open source consistent image databases. This is the case for ImageNet reference data such as coco data, IP102, CIFAR-10, STL-10 and many others with variability representatives. The consistency of its images contributes to the spectacular results observed in its fields with deep learning. The application of deep learning which is making its debut in geology does not, to our knowledge, include a database of microscopic images of thin sections of open source rock minerals. In this paper, we evaluate three optimizers under the AlexNet architecture to check whether our acquired mineral images have object features or patterns that are clear and distinct to be extracted by a neural network. These are thin sections of magmatic rocks (biotite and 2-mica granite, granodiorite, simple granite, dolerite, charnokite and gabbros, etc.) which served as support. We use two hyper-parameters: the number of epochs to perform complete rounds on the entire data set and the “learning rate” to indicate how quickly the weights in the network will be modified during optimization. Using Transfer Learning, the three (3) optimizers all based on the gradient descent methods of Stochastic Momentum Gradient Descent (sgdm), Root Mean Square Propagation (RMSprop) algorithm and Adaptive Estimation of moment (Adam) achieved better performance. The recorded results indicate that the Momentum optimizer achieved the best scores respectively of 96.2% with a learning step set to 10−3 for a fixed choice of 350 epochs during this variation and 96, 7% over 300 epochs for the same value of the learning step. This performance is expected to provide excellent insight into image quality for future studies. Then they participate in the development of

关键词： Classification Convolutional Neural Network Deep Learning Optimizers Transfer Learning Rock Mineral Images

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Experimental Assessment of the Thermal Performance of Two Corrugated Metal Roofs

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2024年第9期14卷 2374-2392页

作者： Kouamé Jean-Louis Kouakou Ekoun Paul Magloire Koffi Bi Tra Désiré Zinla Prosper Gbaha Laboratoire des Procds Industriels de Synthse de lEnvironnement et des Energies Nouvelles Institut National Polytechnique Felix Houphout-Boigny Yamoussoukro Cte dIvoire

This experimental study is a contribution to the search for solutions to reduce indoor heat gain through sheet metal roofing in hot weather. It has evaluated the thermal impact of two different sheet metal roofs inside of two identical test buildings in sunny weather and cloudy weather conditions. Test building 1 has a single sheet corrugated roof and the building 2 is covered with roof made from top to bottom with corrugated sheet metal, a 12 mm thick serpentine copper tube in which water is circulated, a sheet of aluminium foil acting as a heat reflector, a 4 cm thick polystyrene panel and a 1.5 cm thick plywood. A maximum reduction of 15.1˚C in the temperature of the inner face of the test Building 2 roof was obtained comparatively to the temperature of the inner face of the test Building 1 roof consisting of a single sheet of metal at the warmest hours. In addition, the simple corrugated sheet metal roof of the test building generates high and varied temperatures inside the building. Whereas the proposed heat recovery roof favours low and relatively uniform temperatures inside the building. The proposed sheet metal roof construction technique is very effective in reducing the heat gain through the roof considerably;thus improving the thermal comfort inside sheet metal roofed dwellings. Hot water has been produced by recovering heat from the metal sheet of the roof of test building 2. The temperature of the hot water produced reached of 39˚C. This study could be also an alternative for the reduction of energy consumption due to the use of mechanical means for cooling of sheet metal roofed houses and the reduction of the use of fossil fuels for domestic hot water production.

关键词： Metal Roof Corrugated Time Lag Decrement Factor

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Experimental Study of a Solar Thermal Incubator Using a Phase-Change Material for Off-Grid Use

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2024年第9期14卷 2471-2481页

作者： Yéouélé Thio Bati Ernest Boya Bi Ekoun Paul Magloire Koffi Prosper Gbaha Laboratoire des Procds Industriels de Synthse de lEnvironnement et des Energies Nouvelles Institut National Polytechnique Flix Houphout-Boigny Yamoussoukro Cte dIvoire

The aim of this study was to provide a simple, easy-to-use incubation system for small-scale rural poultry farmers far from the electricity grid. To this end, a naturally ventilated solar thermal incubator was built and experimentally tested. A U-shaped evacuated tube collector and a wooden crate holding 50 eggs were used to build the solar thermal incubator. Water was used as the heat transfer fluid, and an EPCM was integrated into the incubation chamber for operation at night or when the sun was hidden. The heat generated by the solar collector and stored in the heat transfer fluid is transported to the incubation chamber by thermosiphon to heat the chamber. Temperature and humidity probes powered by a solar panel were placed at various locations to monitor the thermo-hygrometric efficiency of the incubation system. The incubator, heated by natural convection, proved to function normally, and the incubation chamber was maintained throughout the incubation period within a temperature range of 35.53˚C to 39.53˚C and relative humidity averaging 49.4% to 68.5%. The experiment was carried out by introducing 30 eggs and the results of the experimental study showed that the incubator’s efficiency was 87%. The performance tests gave a fertility rate of 93% and a hatching rate of 93%, i.e. 28 fertile eggs and 26 hatched eggs, respectively.

关键词： Solar Incubator Vacuum Tube Collector Encapsulated PCM Poultry Eggs

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Quantitative Comparative Study of the Performance of Lossless Compression Methods Based on a Text Data Model

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2024年第7期14卷 1944-1962页

作者： Namogo Silué Sié Ouattara Mouhamadou Dosso Alain Clément Laboratoire des Sciences et Technologies de la Communication et de lInformation (LSTCI) Institut National Polytechnique Houphout Boigny (INPHB) Yamoussoukro Cte dIvoire institut national polytechnique Houphout Boigny (INPHB) Yamoussoukro Cte dIvoire UFR Mathmatique-Informatique Ecole Doctorale Sciences-Technologie et Agriculture Durable (ED STAD) Universit Felix Houphout-Boigny (UFHB) Abidjan Cte dIvoire Ecole de Gomatique et du Territoire (EGT) Abidjan Cte dIvoire LARIS SFR MATHSTIC Universit dAngers Angers France

Data compression plays a key role in optimizing the use of memory storage space and also reducing latency in data transmission. In this paper, we are interested in lossless compression techniques because their performance is exploited with lossy compression techniques for images and videos generally using a mixed approach. To achieve our intended objective, which is to study the performance of lossless compression methods, we first carried out a literature review, a summary of which enabled us to select the most relevant, namely the following: arithmetic coding, LZW, Tunstall’s algorithm, RLE, BWT, Huffman coding and Shannon-Fano. Secondly, we designed a purposive text dataset with a repeating pattern in order to test the behavior and effectiveness of the selected compression techniques. Thirdly, we designed the compression algorithms and developed the programs (scripts) in Matlab in order to test their performance. Finally, following the tests conducted on relevant data that we constructed according to a deliberate model, the results show that these methods presented in order of performance are very satisfactory:- LZW- Arithmetic coding- Tunstall algorithm- BWT + RLELikewise, it appears that on the one hand, the performance of certain techniques relative to others is strongly linked to the sequencing and/or recurrence of symbols that make up the message, and on the other hand, to the cumulative time of encoding and decoding.

关键词： Arithmetic Coding BWT Compression Ratio Comparative Study Compression Techniques Shannon-Fano Huffman Lossless Compression LZW Performance Redundancy RLE Text Data Tunstall

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Exploring fs-laser irradiation damage subthreshold behavior of dielectric mirrors via electrical measurements

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2024年第2期12卷 24-32页

作者： Petrisor Gabriel Bleotu Radu Udrea Alice Dumitru Olivier Uteza Maria-Diana Mihai Dan Gh Matei Daniel Ursescu Stefan Irimiciuc Valentin Craciun Extreme Light Infrastructure-Nuclear Physics(ELI-NP) Horia Hulubei National Institute for R&D in Physics and Nuclear Engineering(IFIN-HH)MagureleRomania Doctoral School of Physics University of BucharestMagureleRomania LULI-CNRS CEAUniversite SorbonneEcole PolytechniqueInstitut Polytechnique de ParisPalaiseau CEDEXFrance Apel Laser IlfovRomania Aix-Marseille University CNRSLP3 UMR 7341MarseilleFrance Horia Hulubei national institute for R&D in Physics and Nuclear Engineering(IFIN-HH) MagureleRomania University Politehnica of Bucharest BucharestRomania national institute for Lasers Plasma and Radiation Physics MagureleRomania

With ultrafast laser systems reaching presently 10 PW peak power or operating at high repetition rates,research towards ensuring the long-term,trouble-free performance of all laser-exposed optical components is *** work is focused on providing insight into the optical material behavior at fluences below the standardized laser-induced damage threshold(LIDT)value by implementing a simultaneous dual analysis of surface emitted particles using a Langmuir probe(LP)and the target current(TC).HfO_(2) and ZrO_(2) thin films deposited on fused silica substrates by pulsed laser deposition at various O_(2) pressures for defect and stoichiometry control were irradiated by Gaussian,ultrashort laser pulses(800 nm,10 Hz,70 fs)in a wide range of *** TC and LP collected signals were in good agreement with the existing theoretical description of laser–matter interaction at an ultrashort time *** approach for an in situ LIDT monitoring system provides measurable signals for below-threshold irradiation conditions that indicate the endurance limit of the optical surfaces in the single-shot energy scanning *** LIDT value extracted from the LP-TC system is in line with the multipulse statistical analysis done with ISO 21254-2:2011(E).The implementation of the LP and TC as on-shot diagnostic tools for optical components will have a significant impact on the reliability of next-generation ultrafast and high-power laser systems.

关键词： HfO_(2) in situ detection Langmuir probe laser-induced damage threshold target current ZrO_(2)

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Human Eosinophil Cell Manipulation by Optical Tweezers

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Open Journal of Biophysics 2024年第3期14卷 330-338页

作者： Pavel Yale Jean Michel Edoukoua Konin Abadê Ange-Boris N’guessan Michel Abaka Kouacou Jérémie T. Zoueu Laboratoire dInstrumentation Image et Spectroscopie (L2IS) Institut National Polytechnique Houphout-Boigny (INPHB) Yamoussoukro Cte dIvoire Laboratoire de Chimie et de Physique Appliques Sciences et Techniques Universit Alassane Ouattara Bouak Cte dIvoire

In this work, lateral deformation of human eosinophil cell during the lateral indentation by an optically trapped microbead of diameter 4.5 µm is studied. The images were captured using a CCD camera and the Boltzmann statistics method was used for force calibration. Using the Hertz model, we calculated and compared the elastic moduli resulting from the lateral force, showing that the differences are important and the force should be considered. Besides the lateral component, the setup also allows us to examine the lateral cell-bead interaction. The mean values of the properties obtained, in particular the elastic stiffness and the shear stiffness, were Eh = (37.76 ± 2.85) µN/m and Gh = (12.57 ± 0.32) µN/m. These results show that the lateral indentation can therefore be used as a routine method for cell study, because it enabled us to manipulate the cell without contact with the laser.

关键词： Optical Tweezers Human Eosinophil Cell Indentation Shear Stiffness

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Projected Changes in the Climate Zoning of Côte d’Ivoire

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Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2024年第1期14卷 62-84页

作者： Mamadou Diarrassouba Adama Diawara Assi Louis Martial Yapo Benjamin Komenan Kouassi Fidèle Yoroba Kouakou Kouadio Dro Touré Tiemoko Dianikoura Ibrahim Koné Arona Diedhiou Laboratory of Sciences Matter Environment and Solar Energy (LASMES) University Félix Houphou&#235t-Boigny Abidjan C&#244te d’Ivoire Geophysical Station of Lamto (GSL) N’douci C&#244te d’Ivoire Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Physics University Nangui Abrogoua Abidjan C&#244te d’Ivoire Université grenoble Alpes (UGA) Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE) Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Institut National Polytechnique (INP) Grenoble France African Centre of Excellence on Climate Change Biodiversity and Sustainable Agriculture (ACE-CCBAD)/University Felix Houphou&#235t-Boigny (UFHB) Abidjan C&#244te d’Ivoire

This study assesses the projected changes in the climate zoning of Côte d’Ivoire using the hierarchical classification of principal components (HCPC) method applied to the daily precipitation data of an ensemble of 14 CORDEX-AFRICA simulations under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios. The results indicate the existence of three climate zones in Côte d’Ivoire (the coastal, the centre and the north) over the historical period (1981-2005). Moreover, CORDEX simulations project an extension of the surface area of drier climatic zones while a reduction of wetter zones, associated with the appearance of an intermediate climate zone with surface area varying from 77,560 km2 to 134,960 km2 depending on the period and the scenario. These results highlight the potential impacts of climate change on the delimitation of the climate zones of Côte d’Ivoire under the greenhouse gas emission scenarios. Thus, there is a reduction in the surface areas suitable for the production of cash crops such as cocoa and coffee. This could hinder the country’s economy and development, mainly based on these cash crops.

关键词： Climate Projection Climate Zone Principal Component Analysis Hierarchical Classification on Principal Components CORDEX Côte d’Ivoire

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Predictive Study of Trace Metal Pollution of Gold Panning Sites in Birimian Formations: Case of the Yaouré Furrow (Côte d’Ivoire)

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2024年第7期14卷 1691-1714页

作者： Tonga Paul Tiemoko Gbele Ouattara Kouassi Ernest Ahoussi Laboratoire des Sciences Gographiques du Gnie Civil et des Gosciences Institut National Polytechnique Flix Houphout-Boigny (INP-HB) Yamoussoukro Cte dIvoire Laboratoiredes Sciences du Sol delEauetdes Gomatriaux Universit Flix Houphout-Boigny (UFHB) Abidjan-Cocody Cte dIvoire

The present study was carried out on small-scale gold mining sites in the Yaouré region of Côte d’Ivoire. This region is geologically representative of the Birimian formations (2.1 Ga) of West Africa. The aim is to determine the potentially toxic trace metals (TMEs) generated by these sites, with a view to preventing possible contamination and/or metal pollution of the waters that provide fish products for local populations. To this end, a sampling campaign was carried out, resulting in the collection of 20 mining waste samples analyzed by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) and 10 by X-ray diffractometer (XRD). The XRF analysis detected 06 predominant TMEs: arsenic, chromium, copper, nickel, zinc and vanadium. Statistical analysis was carried out to determine the distributions and correlations between these ETMs. To assess contamination and/or pollution levels, the following indices were calculated on the basis of reference concentrations of upper continental crust MTEs: Enrichment Factor, Geo-accumulation Index, Concentration Factor, Degree of contamination and those related to ecological risks. The results of statistical analyses and indices have shown that arsenic and chromium are the most predominant and can be, depending on the chemical form, potentially more toxic. The results of the DRX analysis show the occurrence of several minerals carrying these two MTEs, especially that of a rare mineral, Stenhuggarite, an arsenic oxide linked to hydrothermal veins. The majority of gold mining operations in West Africa are located in the birimian zone, hence the need for environmental monitoring by the relevant authorities, to prevent potential ecological risks to water and possibly health risks via the food chain.

关键词： Small-Scale Mining Metallic Trace Elements Mining Discharges Contamination Pollution Contamination Pollution Index

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Optimizing laser coupling,matter heating,and particle acceleration from solids using multiplexed ultraintense lasers

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第4期9卷 16-28页

作者： Weipeng Yao Motoaki Nakatsutsumi Sébastien Buffechoux Patrizio Antici Marco Borghesi Andrea Ciardi Sophia N.Chen Emmanuel d’Humières Laurent Gremillet Robert Heathcote Vojtech Horny Paul McKenna Mark N.Quinn Lorenzo Romagnani Ryan Royle Gianluca Sarri Yasuhiko Sentoku Hans-Peter Schlenvoigt Toma Toncian Olivier Tresca Laura Vassura Oswald Willi Julien Fuchs LULI-CNRS CEASorbonne UniversitéEcole PolytechniqueInstitut Polytechnique de ParisF-91128 Palaiseau CedexFrance Sorbonne Université Observatoire de ParisUniversité PSLCNRSLERMAF-75005 ParisFrance INRS-EMT 1650 BoulLionel-BouletVarennesQuebec J3X 1S2Canada Center for Plasma Physics School of Mathematics and PhysicsQueen’s University BelfastBelfast BT71NNUnited Kingdom “Horia Hulubei”national institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering 30 Reactorului StreetRO-077125 Bucharest-MagureleRomania University of Bordeaux Centre Lasers Intenses et ApplicationsCNRSCEAUMR 5107F-33405 TalenceFrance CEA DAMDIFF-91297 ArpajonFrance Université Paris-Saclay CEALMCE91680 Bruyères-le-ChatelFrance Central Laser Facility STFC Rutherford Appleton LaboratoryDidcotUnited Kingdom SUPA Department of PhysicsUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgow G40NGUnited Kingdom Department of Physics University of NevadaRenoNevada 89557USA institute of Laser Engineering Osaka University2-6 YamadaokaSuitaOsaka 565-0871Japan institut fur Laser und Plasmaphysik Heinrich Heine Universitat DusseldorfDusseldorfGermany

Realizing the full potential of ultrahigh-intensity lasers for particle and radiation generation will require multi-beam arrangements due to technology ***,we investigate how to optimize their coupling with solid ***,we show that overlapping two intense lasers in a mirror-like configuration onto a solid with a large preplasma can greatly improve the generation of hot electrons at the target front and ion acceleration at the target *** underlying mechanisms are analyzed through multidimensional particle-in-cell simulations,revealing that the self-induced magnetic fields driven by the two laser beams at the target front are susceptible to reconnection,which is one possible mechanism to boost electron *** addition,the resistive magnetic field generated during the transport of the hot electrons in the target bulk tends to improve their *** simulations also indicate that such effects can be further enhanced by overlapping more than two laser beams.

关键词： laser acceleration particle

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Serrated Flow Model for Metallic Glasses under Compressive Loading

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2013年第5期26卷 503-508页

作者： M.A.Yousfi K.Hajlaoui Z.Tourki A.R.Yavari Laboratoire de Mcanique de Sousse LMS ENISo Universit de Sousse SIMaP-LTPCM Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble

A rheological model is proposed that incorporates the serrated flow nature of metallic glasses. It involves the process of the nucleation, propagation and the arrest of a shear bands in the samples subjected to compressive deformation at room temperature. Numerical resolution of the constitutive equations resulting from the model is compared with the stress-strain curve obtained from in-situ nano-compression test in SEM of Zrbased metallic glass. Parametric identification method was applied and enabled us to release the physical parameters of the model. The obtained results showed that the model is adequately valid to describe the experimental data and the almost adjustable model parameters are physically meaningful and comparable to literature.

关键词： Metallic glasses Shear bands Serrated flow Rheological modelling Nanocrystallization

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