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Impact of T_(i)/T_(e )ratio on ion transport based on EAST H-mode plasmas

plasma Science and Technology 2024年第4期26卷 68-78页

作者：刘建文臧庆梁云峰陈佳乐邬潇河 Alexander KNIEpS 扈嘉辉金仡飞张斌储宇奇刘海庆吕波段艳敏李妙辉陈颖杰龚先祖 the EAST Team institute of plasma physics Chinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230031People’s Republic of China University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026People’s Republic of China Forschungszentrum j.lich GmbH Institut für Energie-und Klimaforschung-PlasmaphysikPartner of the Trilateral Euregio Cluster(TEC)Jülich 52425Germany

At the EAST tokamak, the ion temperature(T_(i)) is observed to be clamped around 1.25 keV in electron cyclotron resonance(ECR)-heated plasmas, even at core electron temperatures up to 10 keV(depending on the ECR heating power and the plasma density). This clamping results from the lack of direct ion heating and high levels of turbulence-driven transport. Turbulent transport analysis shows that trapped electron mode and electron temperature gradient-driven modes are the most unstable modes in the core of ECR-heated H-mode plasmas. Nevertheless, recently it was found that the T_(i)/T_(e)ratio can increase further with the fraction of the neutral beam inj.ction(NBI) power, which leads to a higher core ion temperature(Ti0). In NBI heating-dominant H-mode plasmas, the ion temperature gradient-driven modes become the most unstable ***, a strong and broad internal transport barrier(ITB) can form at the plasma core in high-power NBI-heated H-mode plasmas when the T_(i)/T_(e)ratio approaches ~1, which results in steep core Teand Tiprofiles, as well as a peaked neprofile. power balance analysis shows a weaker Teprofile stiffness after the formation of ITBs in the core plasma region, where Ticlamping is broken,and the core Tican increase further above 2 keV, which is 80% higher than the value of Ticlamping in ECR-heated plasmas. This finding proposes a possible solution to the problem of Ticlamping on EAST and demonstrates an advanced operational regime with the formation of a strong and broad ITB for future fusion plasmas dominated by electron heating.

关键词： ion temperature clamping transport neutral beam inj.ction stiffness internal transport barrier

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Approaching the commercial threshold of solar water splitting toward hydrogen byⅢ-nitrides nanowires

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Frontiers in Energy 2024年第1期18卷 122-124页

作者： Baowen ZHOU Shuhui SUN Key Laboratory for power Machinery and Engineering of the Ministry of Education School of Mechanical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniveristyShanghai 200240China institut National de la Recherche Scientifique(INRS)-CenterÉnergie Matériaux Télécommunications VarennesQuebec J3X 1P7Canada

In a recent article in Nature,Mi and coworkers from the University of Michigan reported a solar-to-hydrogen(STH)efficiency of>9%in converting water into hydrogen and oxygen[1],which represents an important breakthrough in this field due to the benchmarking leap in STH efficiency of photocatalytic overall water splitting under natural sunlight.

关键词： breakthrough splitting Michigan

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Improved training framework in a neural network model for disruption prediction and its application on EXL-50

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plasma Science and Technology 2024年第5期26卷 29-39页

作者：蔡剑青梁云峰 Alexander KNIEpS 齐东凯王二辉向皓明廖亮黄杰阳杰黄佳刘建文 philipp DREWS 徐帅顾翔高轶琛罗宇李直 the EXL-50 Team institute of plasma physics Chinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230031People’s Republic of China Forschungszentrum j.lich GmbH Institut für Energie-und Klimaforschung-PlasmaphysikPartner of the Trilateral Cluster(TEC)Jülich 52425Germany ENN Science and Technology Development Co. LtdLangfang 065001People’s Republic of China

A neural network model with a classical annotation method has been used on the EXL-50tokamak to predict impending ***,the results revealed issues of overfitting and overconfidence in predictions caused by inaccurate *** mitigate these issues,an improved training framework has been *** this approach,soft labels from previous training serve as teachers to supervise the further learning process;this has lead to a significant improvement in predictive model ***,this enhancement is primarily attributed to the coupling effect of the soft labels and correction *** improved training framework introduces an instance-specific label smoothing method,which reflects a more nuanced model assessment on the likelihood of a *** presents a possible solution to effectively address the challenges associated with accurate labeling across different machines.

关键词： neural network disruption soft label EXL-50 tokamak

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The polycomb Complex pRC1:Composition and Function in plants

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j.urnal of Genetics and Genomics 2013年第5期40卷 231-238页

作者： Anne Molitor Wen-Hui Shen institut de Biologie Moléculaire des plantes du CNRS Université de Strasbourg12 rue du Général Zimmer67084 StrasbourgFrance institut j.-p.bourgin UMR1318 INRA-AgroParisTechINRAroute de Saint Cyr78026 VersaillesFrance

polycomb group（pcG） proteins are crucial epigenetic regulators conferring transcriptional memory to cell *** assemble into multi-protein complexes,e.g.,polycomb Repressive Complex 1 and 2（pRC1,pRC2）,which are thought to act in a sequential manner to stably maintain gene ***2 induces histone H3 lysine 27（H3K27） trimethylation（H3K27me3）,which is subsequently read by pRCl that further catalyzes H2A monoubiquitination（H2Aub1）,creating a transcriptional silent chromatin ***2 components are conserved in plants and have been extensively characterized in *** contrast,pRCl composition and function are more diverged between animals and *** more recently,pRC1 existence in plants has been *** we review the aspects of plant specific and conserved pRC1 and highlight critical roles of pRC1 components in seed embryonic trait determinacy,shoot stem cell fate determinacy,and flower development in Arabidopsis.

关键词： Epigenetics Chromatin Histone modifications polycomb pRC1 Arabidopsis development

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Advancements on metal oxide semiconductor photocatalysts in photo-electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide into fuels and other useful products

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Frontiers in Energy 2024年第2期18卷 187-205页

作者： j.i pRAKASH Zhangsen CHEN Shakshi SAINI Gaixia ZHANG Shuhui SUN Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology HamirpurHamirpur 177005India institut National de la Recherche Scientifique(INRS) Centre Énergie Matériaux TélécommunicationsVarennes J3X 1P7Canada Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology MandiHimachal PradeshIndia Department of Electrical Engineering École de Technologie SupérieureMontréal H3C 1K3Canada

Due to its fascinating and tunable optoelectronic properties,semiconductor nanomaterials are the best choices for multidisciplinary ***,the use of semiconductor photocatalysts is one of the promising ways to harness solar energy for useful applications in the field of energy and *** recent years,metal oxide-based tailored semiconductor photocatalysts have extensively been used for photocatalytic conversion of carbon dioxide(CO_(2))into fuels and other useful products utilizing solar *** is very significant not only from renewable energy consumption but also from reducing global warming point of *** current research activities are promising for a better future of *** present mini-review is focused on recent developments(2–3 years)in metal oxide semiconductor hybrid photocatalysts-based photo-electrochemical conversion of CO_(2)into fuels and other useful ***,general mechanism of photo-electrochemical conversion of CO_(2)into fuels or other useful products has been ***,various metal oxide-based emerging hybrid photocatalysts including tailoring of their morphological,compositional,and optoelectronic properties have been discussed with emphasis on their role in enhancing photoelectrochemical ***,mechanism of their photo-electrochemical reactions and applications in CO_(2)conversion into fuels/other useful products have been ***,challenges and future prospects have been discussed followed by a summary.

关键词： metal-oxide semiconductors nanohybrid photocatalysts photo-electrochemical CO_(2)conversion tailoring morphology fuels challenges and future prospects

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Toward carbon neutrality by artificial photosynthesis

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Frontiers in Energy 2024年第1期18卷 54-55页

作者： Baowen ZHOU Minhua SHAO Sharif Md.SADAF Shuhui SUN Key Laboratory for power Machinery and Engineering of the Ministry of Education Research Center of Renewable Synthetic FuelSchool of Mechanical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Energy InstituteThe Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong KongChina institut National de la Recherche Scientifique(INRS)-CenterÉnergie Matériaux Télécommunications VarennesQuebec J3X 1P7Canada

CO_(2)is not only the primary cause of climate change but also an abundant and recyclable carbon *** breakthrough in emerging disruptive technologies such as carbon capture and storage(CCS),power-to-X,and direct air capture(DAC)is fundamental to achieving carbon *** these technologies,artificial photosynthesis offers an attractive method for recycling carbon dioxide and water into fuels and chemicals using solar energy(CO_(2)+H_(2)O+sunlight→fuels+chemicals).It holds great promise for addressing the critical challenges associated with elevated CO_(2)concentrations and securing a sustainable supply of fuels and chemicals for economic sectors.

关键词： neutral holds breakthrough

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Rare earth element-modified MOF materials:synthesis and photocatalytic applications in environmental remediation

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Rare Metals 2024年第4期43卷 1390-1406页

作者： Shu-Kun Le Qi-j.e j.n j.a-Ao Han Hua-Cong Zhou Quan-Sheng Liu Fu Yang j.e Miao pei-pei Liu Cheng-Zhang Zhu Hai-Tao Xu Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of High-Value Functional Utilization of Low Rank Carbon Resources Chemical Engineering CollegeInner Mongolia University of TechnologyHohhot010050China School of Environmental Science and Engineering Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing210009China School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Jiangsu University of Science and TechnologyZhenjiang212100China institut National de la Recherche Scientifique-Énergie Matériaux et Télécommunications MontrealQCJ3X 1P7Canada

Metal-organic framework-like materials(MOFs)have been developed in the fields of photocatalysis for their excellent optical properties and physicochemical properties,including environmental remediation,CO_(2)photoreduction,water splitting,and so *** their important roles in various fields,rare earth elements have received growing interests from *** MOFs with rare earth elements for modification allows broadening the absorption spectrum,while the active electrons on their empty 4f orbitals can act as traps to capture photoexcited carriers to inhibit the recombination of electron-hole pairs,thus promoting photocatalytic ***,rare earth elements modified MOFs provide an attractive way to achieve their high value *** this mini-review,the synthesis of rare earth element-modified MOFs photocatalysts and corresponding applications in the removal of antibiotics,CO_(2)reduction,and hydrogen production are constructively summarized and ***,the latest advancements and current difficulties of these materials as well as the application prospects are also provided.

关键词： Rare earth metals MOFs photocatalytic CO_(2) reduction Environmental remediation Water splitting

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Synchronized off-harmonic probe laser with highly variable pulse duration for laser-plasma interaction experiments

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High power Laser Science and Engineering 2024年第1期12卷 99-107页

作者： j.Hornung Y.Zobus H.Lorenté C.Brabetz B.Zielbauer V.Bagnoud GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH DarmstadtGermany institut d’Optique UniversitéParis-SaclayPalaiseauFrance institut für Angewandte physik Technische Universität DarmstadtDarmstadtGermany

This paper presents the development and experimental utilization of a synchronized off-harmonic laser system designed as a probe for ultra-intense laser±plasma interaction experiments. The system exhibits a novel seed-generation design,allowing for a variable pulse duration spanning over more than three orders of magnitude, from 3.45 picoseconds to 10 nanoseconds. This makes it suitable for various plasma diagnostics and visualization techniques. In a side-view configuration, the laser was employed for interferometry and streaked shadowgraphy of a laser-induced plasma while successfully suppressing the self-emission background of the laser±plasma interaction, resulting in a signal-to-self-emission ratio of 110 for this setup. These properties enable the probe to yield valuable insights into the plasma dynamics and interactions at the pHELIX facility and to be deployed at various laser facilities due to its easy-to-implement design.

关键词： interferometry laser-plasma interaction off-harmonic probe laser streaked shadowgraphy

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High-throughput calculation-based rational design of Fe-doped MoS_(2) nanosheets for electrocatalytic p H-universal overall water splitting

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j.urnal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第4期91卷 194-202页

作者： Guangtong Hai Xiangdong Xue Zhenyu Wu Canyang Zhang Xin Liu Xiubing Huang institute of Zhej.ang University-Quzhou Zhejiang UniversityQuzhou 324000ZhejiangChina Beij.ng Key Laboratory of Membrane Materials and Engineering Department of Chemical EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Beij.ng Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering Beijing Key Laboratory of Function Materials for Molecule&Structure ConstructionSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of Science and TechnologyBeijing 100083China CentreÉnergie Matériaux et Télécommunications(EMT) Institut national de la recherche scientifique(INRS)Varennes J3X1P7QuébecCanada

Electrocatalytic water splitting is crucial for H2generation via hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)but subj.ct to the sluggish dynamics of oxygen evolution reaction(OER).In this work,single Fe atomdoped MoS_(2)nanosheets(SFe-DMNs)were prepared based on the high-throughput density functional theory(DFT)calculation *** to the synergistic effect between Fe atom and MoS_(2)and optimized intermediate binding energy,the SFe-DMNs could deliver outstanding activity for both HER and *** assembled into a two-electrode electrolytic cell,the SFe-DMNs could achieve the current density of 50 mA cm^(-2)at a low cell voltage of 1.55 V under neutral *** results not only confirmed the effectiveness of high-throughput screening,but also revealed the excellent activity and thus the potential applications in fuel cells of SFe-DMNs.

关键词： High-throughput calculation Overall water splitting Single atom doped catalyst Molybdenum disulfide nanosheet

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Characteristics of the SOL ion-to-electron temperature ratio on the j.TEXT tokamak with different plasma configurations

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plasma Science and Technology 2024年第2期26卷 13-21页

作者：李存凯梁云峰江中和周松华建坤阳杰杨庆虎 Alexander KNIEpS philipp DREWS 徐鑫毛飞越谢伟杨雨桐郭金龙李杨波任正康陈志鹏王能超 the j.TEXT Team International j.int Research Laboratory of Magnetic Confinement Fusion and plasma physics State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and TechnologySchool of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074People's Republic of China Forschungszentrum j.lich GmbH Institut für Energie-und Klimaforschung—PlasmaphysikPartner of the Trilateral Euregio Cluster(TEC)Julich 52425Germany 不详

Accurate measurement of the average plasma parameters in the edge region,including the temperature and density of electrons and ions,is critical for understanding the characteristics of the scrape-off layer(SOL) and divertor plasma transport in magnetically confined fusion *** the j.TEXT tokamak,a multi-channel retarding field analyzer(RFA) probe has been developed to study average plasma parameters in the edge region under various poloidal divertor and island divertor *** edge radial profile of the ion-to-electron temperature ratio,τ_(i/e),has been determined,which gradually decreases as the SOL ion self-collisionality,v_(SOL)*,*** is broadly consistent with what has been observed previously from various tokamak ***,the comparison of experimental results under different configurations shows that in the poloidal divertor configuration,even under the same v_(SOL)*,τ_(i/e) in the SOL region becomes smaller as the distance from the X-point to the target plate *** the island divertor configuration,τ_(i/e) near the O-point is higher than that near the X-point at the same v_(SOL)*,and both are higher than those in the limiter *** results suggest that the magnetic configuration plays a critical role in the energy distributions between electrons and ions at the plasma boundary.

关键词： ion temperature island divertor poloidal divertor retarding field analyzer(RFA)probe

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