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Photovoltaic waste management in sub-Saharan Africa:current practices in Burkina Faso

Waste disposal and Sustainable Energy 2024年第2期6卷 271-282页

作者： Kodami Badza Yrebegnan Moussa Soro Marie Sawadogo laboratoire Energies Renouvelables et EfficacitéEnergétique Institut International d'Ingenierie de I'Eau et de I'Environnement(2iE)01 BP 594 OuagadougouBurkina Faso

Sub-Saharan Africa is witnessing a proliferation of photovoltaic(PV)waste due to the increasing number of solar PV power *** waste(panels,batteries,electrical cables,mounting structures,and inverters)consists of elements such as mercury,cadmium,chromium,lead,copper,aluminum,fluorinated compounds,and plastics that are toxic to human health and the environment if a proper management system is not *** many studies worldwide have focused on PV waste management,very few have been conducted in sub-Saharan *** study aims to investigate the current PV waste management system in Burkina Faso,determine stakeholder profiles,and propose strategies to enhance the existing *** research,interviews,questionnaires,and field visits were used in the *** survey showed that young people,mainly under 30 years of age and with a primary education,dominate(70%)in terms of PV waste collection and repair activities,while the more technical recycling and export activities are carried out mainly(88%)by stakeholders older than 40 years and with a secondary education(60%).Among the older stakeholders,100%are aware of the hazardous nature of PV waste,whereas 36%are young *** an environmental perspective,the main source of contamination observed is the release of lead-rich sulfuric acids into water and soil during the collection and repair *** the recycling of batteries and electrical cables,toxic fumes are emitted into the air,and recycling residues rich in toxic substances are *** reduce risks to human health and the environment when managing PV waste,the introduction of legislation,the multiplication of collection points and appropriate infrastructures,the training and awareness-raising of stakeholders,and the extended responsibility of manufacturers are *** on the economic feasibility of setting up formal management structures are needed to complete this work.

关键词： Photovoltaic waste Sub-Saharan Africa Waste management Recycling Batteries Incineration

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Evaluating organic acids as alternative leaching reagents for rare earth elements recovery from NdFeB magnets

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Journal of Rare Earths 2023年第4期41卷 621-631页

作者： Sahar Belfqueh Alain Seron Simon Chapron Guilhem Arrachart Nourredine Menad BRGM Direction de l'Eaude l'Environnementdes Procédés et AnalysesOrleansFrance ICSM Univ.MontpellierCEACNRSENSCMMarcouleFrance

This study proposes an advanced leaching method using organic acids to recover rare earth elements(REEs)from NdFeB permanent magnets from end-of-life computers hard disk drives(Hdds).The end-oflife Hdds were first dismantled in order to recover NdFeB magnets,which were then thermally demagnetized at 350℃during 30 min before crushing in a ball mill under inert *** electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(SEM/EdS)analyses performed on the NdFeB magnets show the heterogeneous structure containing the major matric phase Nd_(2)Fe_(14)B and the REEsrich phase containing Nd and Pr ***,X-ray diffraction(XRd)and Mossbauer spectroscopy(MS)analyses on the ground NdFeB magnet show that grinding NdFeB magnets under inert atmosphere helps to minimize its *** analysis shows that the composition of the ground sample is Nd:22.8 wt%,Pr:3.3 wt%,dy:1.2 wt%,Fe:62.6 wt%,Co:1.5 wt%,B:0.9 wt%,Ni:0.6 wt%.diagrams of speciation and equilibrium phases(E_(h) ***)were calculated to determine the predominance of the formed species in the REEs-organic acids *** influence of the organic acid type(acetic acid,formic acid,citric acid and tartaric acid),the acid concentration(10 vol%,up to saturation),and the solid/liquid(S/l)ratio(0.5%-10%)on NdFeB magnets leaching was investigated employing an optimal experimental design conceived by the statistical software *** acid(CH_(3)COOH)shows the highest leaching performance of REEs,allowing leaching yields over 90%for Nd,dy and Pr in the acid concentration range of 1.6-10 mol/l and the S/l ratio range of 0.5%-5%at a temperature of 60℃.The results presented in this investigation suggest that REEs can be recovered from magnets of end-of-life Hdds using an eco-friendly method assisted by organic acids.

关键词： NdFeB magnets Rare earth elements leaching Organic acids Acetic acid

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Impact of past mining on public safety:seismicity in area of flooded abandoned coal Gardanne mine,France

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international Journal of Coal Science & Technology 2022年第6期9卷 101-111页

作者： dalija Namjesnik Jannes Kinscher Isabelle Contrucci Emmanuelle Klein institut National de l'environnement Industriel et des Risques Direction Sites Et TerritoiresNancyFrance

This paper focuses on the impact of past mining on public *** emphasizes the need to understand the induced seismic hazard and consequently improve the post-mining management procedures and legislations,as many mining sites are located in proximity to populated *** to many challenges and complexity of the post-mining environments,induced seismic hazard nowadays remains largely ***,the return experience of several post-mining sites in recent decades have shown us that the mine flooding and/or degradation of mining works can lead to the stress perturbations,inducing the seismicity and the reactivation of the surrounding geological ***,it is important to advance the seismic monitor-ing and research of seismicity in flooded post-mining *** the number of mine closures worldwide is rising,it can be expected that flooding induced reactivation of the surrounding faults becomes a more often observed *** present in this paper the experience of the abandoned flooded coal mine of Gardanne in France,which has been experiencing post-mining seismicity problems since its closure in *** show the results of a recent study of seismic multiplets and clustering of seismic events,as well as their spatio-temporal activity compared to meteorological *** results provide us new insights as well as lead to raising new questions on seismic sources and triggering mechanisms.

关键词： Post-mining seismicity Seismic origin Seismic hazard Multiplets Clusters

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A quantum cascade laser infrared spectrometer for CO_2 stable isotope analysis：Field implementation at a hydrocarbon contaminated site under bio-remediation

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2016年第2期28卷 60-74页

作者： Christophe Guimbaud Cécile Noel Michel Chartier Valéry Catoire Michaela Blessing Jean Christophe Gourry Claude Robert laboratoire de Physique et de Chimie de l'environnement et de l'Espace (lPC2E) CNRS et Universite d'Orleans (UMR 7328)45071 Orleans cedex 2 France Bureau de Recherches Geologiques et Minieres (BRGM) 45060 Orleans cedex 2 France

Real-time methods to monitor stable isotope ratios of CO_2 are needed to identify biogeochemical origins of CO_2 emissions from the soil–air interface. An isotope ratio infra-red spectrometer（IRIS） has been developed to measure CO_2 mixing ratio with δ~13C isotopic signature, in addition to mixing ratios of other greenhouse gases（CH_4, N2_O）. The original aspects of the instrument as well as its precision and accuracy for the determination of the isotopic signature δ~13C of CO_2 are discussed. A first application to biodegradation of hydrocarbons is presented, tested on a hydrocarbon contaminated site under aerobic bio-treatment. CO_2 flux measurements using closed chamber method is combined with the determination of the isotopic signature δ~13C of the CO_2 emission to propose a non-intrusive method to monitor in situ biodegradation of hydrocarbons. In the contaminated area, high CO_2 emissions have been measured with an isotopic signature δ~13C suggesting that CO_2 comes from petroleum hydrocarbon *** first field implementation shows that rapid and accurate measurement of isotopic signature of CO_2 emissions is particularly useful in assessing the contribution of contaminant degradation to the measured CO_2 efflux and is promising as a monitoring tool for aerobic bio-treatment.

关键词： Isotope ratio infrared spectrometry Isotopic signature δ^(13)C of CO_2 Biodegradation monitoring Hydrocarbons BTEX

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Biomolecules of Interest Present in the Main Industrial Wood Species Used in Indonesia-A Review

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2021年第3期9卷 399-449页

作者： Resa Martha Mahdi Mubarok Wayan darmawan Wasrin Syafii Stéphane dumarcay Christine Gérardin Charbonnier Philippe Gérardin Universitéde lorraine Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculturel’Alimentation et l’EnvironnementLaboratoire d'Etudes et de Recherche sur le Matériau BoisNancyFrance department of Forest Products Faculty of Forestry and EnvironmentInstitut Pertanian BogorBogor UniversityBogorIndonesia

As a tropical archipelagic country,Indonesia’s forests possess high biodiversity,including its wide variety of wood *** of biomolecules released from woody plant extracts has been gaining attractive interests since in the middle of 20th *** paper focuses on a literature review of the potential valorisation of biomolecules released from twenty wood species exploited in *** has revealed that depending on the natural origin of the wood species studied and harmonized with the ethnobotanical and ethnomedicinal knowledge,the extractives derived from the woody plants have given valuable heritages in the fields of medicines and *** families of the bioactive compounds found in the extracts mainly consisted of flavonoids,stilbenes,stilbenoids,lignans,tannins,simple phenols,terpenes,terpenoids,alkaloids,quinones,and *** addition,biological or pharmacological activities of the extracts/isolated phytochemicals were recorded to have antioxidant,antimicrobial,antifungal,anti-inflammatory,anti-diabetes,anti-dysentery,anticancer,analgesic,anti-malaria,and anti-Alzheimer *** from these remarkable characteristics of woody plant extractives,further studies concerning the valorisation of these extractives in the fields of nutraceutical,cosmetic,bio-control,bio-stimulation,and other advanced applications would be of interest.

关键词： Bark by-product bioactivity extractive Indonesia industry molecule valorization wood species

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deciphering the role of monosaccharides during phage infection of Staphylococcus aureus

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Nano Research 2022年第10期15卷 9234-9242页

作者： Baptiste Arbez Marion Gardette Christophe Gantzer Neus Vilà Isabelle Bertrand Sofiane El-Kirat-Chatel laboratoire de Chimie Physique et Microbiologie pour les Matériaux et l'environnement(lCPME) CNRSUniversité de Lorraine405 rue de Vandoeuvre54602 Villers-lès-NancyFrance

As phages are extensively investigated as novel therapy tools but also as transfer agents for antibiotic resistance genes,thorough understanding of phage–host interactions becomes *** for phage infection is its adhesion to the host ***,we used atomic force microscopy-based single-particle force spectroscopy with phage-decorated tips to decipher the adhesion of phage 187 on living Staphylococcus aureus *** found that addition of free N-acetyl-dglucosamine was able to decrease phage adhesion,suggesting that this monosaccharide plays major role in phage 187 infection of ***,phage 187 adhesion on monosaccharide-coated model surfaces combined with plaque forming unit counts suggested that a direct link can be established between the propensity to bind to a saccharide and the capability of the latter to inhibit phage *** a nanoscale level,single-particle force spectroscopy was successfully used to identify a major receptor required for phage 187 infection of *** but also evidenced that this receptor was responsible for phage adhesion on *** work demonstrates that single-particle force spectroscopy is a powerful platform to screen and predict the molecular target of phages on their host surfaces.

关键词： atomic force microscopy single-particle force spectroscopy phage 187 Staphylococcus aureus phage-bacteria interactions

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Catalytic decomposition performance for O_3 and NO_2 in humid indoor air on a MnO_x/Al_2O_3 catalyst modified by a cost-effective chemical grafting method

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2018年第12期30卷 58-70页

作者： longwen Chen Michel Ondarts Jonathan Outin Yves Gonthier Evelyne Gonze Université Grenoble Alpes Université Savoie Mont Blanc CNRS Laboratoire d'Optimisation de la Conception et Ingénierie de l'Environnement(LOCIE)

Processes based on non-thermal plasma（NTP） for indoor air treatment inevitably lead to the formation of toxic by-products such as ozone（O3） and nitrogen oxides（NOx）. Adding a step of heterogeneous catalysis in series with NTP could allow for the decomposition of the by-products. Therefore, different catalysts were developed based on transition metal oxides, such as NiOx, CoOxand MnOxwith different weight percentage 1, 5 and 10 wt.%,deposited on a γ-Al2O3 support. The O3 removal efficiency（ORE） and the NOxremoval efficiency（NRE） were very encouraging in dry air： about 65% and 80%, respectively, by using2 g 5 wt.% MnOx/Al2O3 catalyst under the experimental conditions. However, strongly negative effects of relative humidity（RH） on the catalytic decomposition performance were observed. To overcome this limitation, the catalyst surface was modified to make it hydrophobic using a cost-effective chemical grafting method. This treatment consisted in impregnating the 5 wt.% MnOx/Al2O3 catalyst with different trichloro（alkyl）silanes（TCAS）.The effects of different linker lengths and amounts of TCAS for the hydrophobicity and the decomposition performance of surface-modified catalysts under humid conditions were investigated. Our results show that the surface-modified catalyst with the shortest linker and 0.25 mmol/gcatof modifying agent represents the best catalytic decomposition performance for O3. Its ORE is 41% at 60% RH, which is twice that of the non-modified catalyst.

关键词： Indoor air treatment Non-thermal plasma MnOx/Al2O3catalyst Surface modification Ozone

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Hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde over bimetallic Au-Cu/CeO_2 catalyst under a mild condition

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Chinese Chemical letters 2017年第2期28卷 293-296页

作者： Xue-Mei liao Veronique Pitchon Pham-Huu Cuong Wei Chu Valerie Caps College of Food and Biological Engineering Xihua University ICPEES L'Institut de Chimie et Procedes pour l'energie l'environnement et la santé Université de Strasbourg department of Chemical Engineering Sichuan University

Bimetallic Au_xCu_y/CeO_2（x/y = 3/1,1/1,and 1 /3） catalysts were prepared by direct anion exchange（dAE）,following impregnation（IMP） methods,and used for selective hydrogenation of *** effects of pretreatments,such as calcination or reduction on the catalytic activities of these catalysts were *** and HRTEM showed that for the reduced catalysts,there is the formation of an Au-Cu ***-STEM displayed that reduction pretreatment leads to a very homogenous distribution of Au and Cu on the external catalyst *** parameters,such as CAl concentration,the stirring speed,nature of the solvent influence the catalytic *** lead to a major effect on CAl conversion and HCAl *** Au_xCu_y/CeO_2 pretreated under reduction display higher CAl conversion and HCAl selectivity than that of under calcination mainly due to the synergistic effect resulting in a formation of Au-Cu alloy.

关键词： Hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde Bimetallic Au-Cu catalysts Reduction or calcination distribution Alloy

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Impact of a Phosphate Amendment on the Environmental Availability and Phytoavailability of Cd and Pb in Moderately and Highly Carbonated Kitchen Garden Soils

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Pedosphere 2017年第3期27卷 588-605页

作者： Christophe WATERlOT Christelle PRUVOT Franck MAROT Francis dOUAY Yncréa Hauts-de-France Laboratoire Génie Civil et géo Environnement (LGCgE) Agence de l’environnement et de la Matrise de l’Energie (AdeME) Direction Villes et Territoires Durables Services Friches Urbaines et Sites Pollués

The behaviour of metals mainly depends on soil p H, carbonate contents and contamination level, which should be considered for the management of contaminated soils. In this study, kitchen garden topsoils(0–25 cm) were sampled from the area around three smelters in France, with different Cd and Pb contamination levels. Effect of a phosphate amendment(a mixture of diammonium phosphate and hydroxyapatite) on the environmental availability and phytoavailability of Cd and Pb was evaluated by different chemical extractions and cultivating lettuce(lactuca sativa l.), respectively. Changes in the distribution of Cd and Pb were found in most contaminated soils after phosphate amendment. An increase of Cd and Pb in the residual phase was highlighted in almost all carbonated contaminated soils, whereas a decrease of Pb in the exchangeable, water and acid-soluble phase was observed in most contaminated soils with the lowest carbonate contents. The concentrations of extractable Cd and Pb using calcium chloride and acetic and citric acids generally decreased after the soil amendment. lettuces grown on amended soils were acceptable for human consumption as regard to Pb concentration. In contrast, some lettuces were unacceptable for human consumption, since the concentrations of Cd in the leaves were higher than the European legislation limit. Surprisingly, in carbonated soils with very low concentration of Cd, the Cd concentrations in lettuce reached up to the European legislation limit, making the lettuce unacceptable for human *** study highlighted the fact that the total metal concentration in soils does not always allow to predict the metal accumulation in the edible parts of vegetables in order to make a judgement about their acceptability or unacceptability for human consumption.

关键词： chemical amendment contamination immobilisation lettuce metal urban soil

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One Step Regioselective Acylation of Polyphenolic Wood Extractive and Its Application for Wood Treatment

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2022年第6期10卷 1491-1503页

作者： Wissem Sahmim Georges Eid Febrina dellarose Boer Hubert Chapuis Philippe Gérardin Christine Gérardin-Charbonnier Universitéde lorraine-institut National de Recherche Pour l’Agriculture L’Alimentation et L’Environnement(INRAE)Laboratoire d’Etudes et de Recherche sur le Matériau Bois(LERMAB)NancyFrance

This study evaluated the methods of grafting commercial catechin with fatty acids,namely capric acid(C10),lauric acid(C12),and myristic acid(C14)through *** of beech wood(Fagus sylvatica l.)were impregnated with catechin and modified catechin-fatty acids,separately,at a 5%concentration diluted in ethanol using vacuum pressure treatment and subjected to *** weight percentage gain before leaching(WPG),after leaching(WPGAl),and weight loss due to leaching(Pl)were *** leached and unleached samples were tested against white-rot fungi(Trametes versicolor)in Petri-dishes for twelve *** show that samples treated with modified catechin-fatty acids provide improved resistance towards ***-C14 was found to be more promising,possibly due to its chain *** decay weight loss for samples treated with modified catechin-fatty acids does not differ significantly between the samples that leached and *** the antifungal properties of catechin,the treatment with catechin alone was insufficient to protect wood samples from ***,it is recommended to increase the concentration level of modified catechin to obtain a significant effect on the decay resistance.

关键词： Antifungal catechin chemical modification fatty acids wood protection

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