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Temporal and Spatial Dynamics of Vaccine-derived Poliovirus (VDPV) in democratic Republic of Congo from 2018 to 2023

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2024年第3期14卷 459-470页

作者： Jean Blaise Yobo Iyala Comlan Cyriaque degbey N’Kpingou Nadakou Ounoussa Tapha Eveline Soclo Moise Gimiko Fabrice Mawa Chaltin Ambanga Riziki Yogolelo Désiré Ekanga Jean Claude Onema institut Rgional de sant Publique (IRSP) Universit Abomey-Calavi (UAC) Ouidah Bnin Programme Elargi de Vaccination (PEV) Kinshasa Congo institut One Health Pour lafrique (INOHA) Universit de Kinshasa Kinshasa Congo Comit des Oprations dUrgence POLIO (COUP) Kinshasa Congo institut National des recherches Biomdicales (INRB) Kinshasa Congo Ministre de la sant Publique Hygine et Prvention Kinshasa Congo

Background: The democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) has been facing outbreaks of VDPV since 2017. These wild poliovirus variants are responsible for poliomyelitis, which is in the process of eradication.. In the following lines, we try to show the evolution of VDPV cases across the country in order to understand their chronological dynamics and seasonal influence. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of of VDPV notified in the DRC from 2018 to 2023. Maps of the spatial dynamics of VDPV cases were produced from attack rates with QGIS® (3.22.8). As for temporal dynamics, time series were decomposed and presented in the form of graphs showing the chronological evolution of VDPV cases and their seasonal trend, using R.4.0 software package. Results: A total of 1196 Cases of VDPV types 1, 2 and 3 were recorded in the biological confirmation databases of the INRB and the Expanded Program of Immunization during the study period across25 provinces. The eastern part of the country reporting the most cases. The general trend is upwards, with a peak in 2022 of 527 cases, whereas in 2021 there was a notable drop of 31 cases. Analysis of the temporal breakdown suggests a seasonal pattern, with peaks between the months of September and december, considered being rainy periods in some provinces. Conclusion: During the 6 years of our study (2018 - 2023) almost all the Health Zones were hit by VDPV epidemics. The eastern part was the most impacted. The seasonal component is well marked suggesting a rise in detection in the rainy season and during pivotal periods of climate change.

关键词： Temporal Spatial Dynamic Poliovirus Vaccine

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Feeding Practices and Use of Lysine and Methionine in Pigrationing on Intensified Pig Breeding in the West Center and Hauts Bassins Regions of Burkina Faso

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Open Journal of Animal sciences 2024年第1期14卷 23-38页

作者： Isidor Zangbéwindin Ouedraogo Timbilfou Kiendrebeogo Aboubacar Toguyeni Chantal Yvette Kabore-Zoungrana laboratoire d’Etudes et de recherches sur les Ressources Naturelles et les sciences de l’environnement (LERNSE) Universit&#233 Nazi Boni Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso laboratoire de recherche et d’Etudes en Production et santé Animales (laREPSA) D&#233partement Productions Animales (DPA) l’Institut de l’Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA) Station de Farako-B&#226 Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso laboratoire Central d’Horticulture (LCH) Station de Recherche de Farako-B&#226 Institut de l’Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA) Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Ministère de l’Agriculture des Ressources Animales et Halieutiques (MARAH) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

The aim of the study was to assess feeding practices and the use of lysine and methionine in pig rationing on intensified and semi-intensive pig breeding in the Koudougou and Bobo-Dioulasso areas. To this end, a cross-sectional survey was carried out on 87 breeding in these towns. A Discriminant Factorial Analysis (DFA) confirming a k-means classification of the data collected was used to retain 71 breeding divided into three breeding classes: Class A (32.4% of breeding), Class B (14.08%) and Class C (53.52%). The results show that the majority of pig breeders were men between the ages of 36 and 59. Average herd sizes were 35 ± 28;79 ± 42 and 89 ± 21 pigs for Classes A, B and C respectively. The main breeds of pig found on the breeding were crossbred, large white, local, landrace and Duroc. Class A (26.1%), B (30%) and C (15.8%) breeders were familiar with both lysine and methionine. Class A breeders distributed feed staggered (65.2%) and in rations (34.8%). Lysine (13%) and methionine (8.7%) were purchased at 5250 FCFA/kg. Those in class B distributed feed staggered (50%) and in the form of rations (50%), in which they incorporated lysine (30%) and methionine (30%) purchased at a cost of 2500 FCFA/kg and 3000 FCFA/kg respectively. Rationing and staggered feeding were practiced by 23.7% and 76.3% of Class C breeders respectively. Only lysine purchased at 3400 FCFA/kg was incorporated into rations by 10.5% of breeders. The high cost of lysine and methionine was incriminated by Class A (100%), B (33.3%) and C (50%) breeders. In conclusion, intensive pig breeding, the practice of rationing and the incorporation of the amino acids lysine and methionine are of ascending importance from classes C, A to B. The high cost of feedstuffs, particularly lysine and methionine, compromises their use in rations, which could have a negative impact on expected breeding performance. The screening and use of feeds rich in and/or enriched with these amino acids, through the development

关键词： Feeding Practices Lysine Methionine Intensive Pig Breeding Burkina Faso

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Experimental Study of the Thermal Behavior of a Bioclimatic Building Prototype in a Sahelian Zone

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Smart Grid and Renewable energy 2024年第8期15卷 187-199页

作者： Arouna Kaboré Boukaré Ouédraogo Sayouba Sandwidi Vincent Zoma Hermann Kaboré Kalifa Palm laboratoire des energies Thermiques et Renouvelables (LETRE) Universit Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso laboratoire de Chimie Analytique Physique Spatiale et Energtique (LACAPSE) Universit Norbert ZONGO Koudougou Burkina Faso laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de lenvironnement Universit Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso laboratoire des Systmes denergie Renouvelable et environnement Institut de Recherche en Sciences Appliques et Technologies (IRSAT) Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Buildings constructed with modern materials (cement blocks, sheet metal, reinforced concrete, etc.) in the Sahelian zone often generate excessive electricity consumption and consequently very high electricity bills. This study is a contribution to the development of new building types based on the principle of bioclimatic construction. The aim is to find materials suited to the Sahelian climate and improve thermal comfort. To this end, an experimental study of the hygrothermal behavior of a bioclimatic building prototype with a domed roof is being carried out. Site meteorological data, air temperature and relative humidity of the building’s internal environment were measured for three climatic seasons in Burkina Faso. The data acquisition system consists of thermocouples, solarimeters and humidity meters, and the data are processed using Excel and Origin Pro software. The results show that, despite the high temperature values (between 36˚C and 39˚C) of the internal environment measured in the hot season, good thermal performance is achieved, in particular an average phase shift of 7.17 h and an average damping of 10.81˚C. The dome-roofed building could therefore contribute to limiting heat transmission to the building interior, improving thermal comfort all year round. Analysis of humidity profiles shows that indoor humidity varies between 66% and 80% for the September period, and between 44% and 69% for the January period. The high values of internal ambient humidity could be reduced by very good ventilation of the building. This study shows that the proposed bioclimatic building prototype with domed roof could be integrated into the Sahelian habitat.

关键词： Thermal Comfort Hygrothermal Behavior Bioclimatic Building Thermal Inertia Domed Roof

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Prostatic Adenomectomy and Comorbidities: Frequency and Management at the Urology department of the Ignace deen National Hospital in Conakry

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Open Journal of Urology 2024年第4期14卷 217-226页

作者： demba Cisse Alpha Oumar Barry Morlaye Fatoumata Bangoura Alimou Diallo Mamadou Dian Bah Youssouf Keita Daouda Kanté Thierno Mamadou Oury Diallo Mamadou Bissiriou Bah Mamadou Diawo Bah Abdoulaye Bobo Diallo Oumar Raphiou Bah Maitre-Assistant à la Facult&#233 des Sciences et Techniques de la Sant&#233 Universit&#233 Gamal Abdel Nasser de Conakry Conakry Guin&#233e

Goal: To determine the type of comorbidity and highlight the complications of adenomectomy and comorbidities. Material and Methods: This is a prospective, descriptive, cross-sectional study lasting six (6) months, from July 1, 2022 to december 31, 2022. Patients with BPH on comorbidity condition taken care of during the study period AND have agreed to participate in the study. Results: During our study, 49 cases of benign prostatic hypertrophy with comorbidities were collected, representing a frequency of 29%. The average age ranges for the patients were 43 - 70 years. The age group most affected was 70 to 79 years old (38.80%). Nocturnal urinary frequency was the main reason for consultation present in all our patients. The most frequent comorbidity was hypertension, i.e. 83.70%. The PSA rate between 4 and 10 was the most represented, i.e. 42.86%. The prostate volume was between 61 and 100 ml in 40.82% of patients. Histology showed that it was a benign adenomatous hypertrophy of the prostate in 85.70% and a prostatic adenomyoma in 14.29%. Trans-bladder adenomectomy alone was the most performed technique, i.e. 49%, followed by trans urethral resection of the prostate, i.e. 38.80%. Retention of urine after removal of the catheter was the most observed complication, i.e. 12.20%. Conclusion: Benign prostatic hypertrophy with comorbidities constitutes a frequent association. Because their presence can affect effectiveness and lead to complications.

关键词： Prostatic Hypertrophy Comorbidities Conakry University Hospital

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Epidemiologic, Diagnostic, and Therapeutic Features of Urinary Stone Disease in Northern Benin from 2018 to 2023

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Open Journal of Urology 2024年第2期14卷 128-137页

作者： Gandaho Isidore Sossa Jean Toré Sanni Rafiou Dènon Emmanuel Allodé Alexandre Avakoudjo Déjinnin Josué Georges Département de Chirurgie et Spécialités Chirurgicales Université de Parakou Parakou Bénin Faculté des sciences de la santé Université d’Abomey-Calavi Abomey-Calavi Bénin

Objective: To determine the epidemiologic, diagnostic, and therapeutic features of urinary in northern Benin from 2018 to 2023. Patients and Method: The study was an observational and descriptive one. We exhaustively and retrospectively collected data from the medical records of the patients that were managed from February 1, 2018 to February 1, 2023 at the department of Surgery of “Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Départmental Borgou-Alibori or CHUD-BA”. Results: Among the 4522 patients managed, 75% or 1.7% had urinary stone disease. Their mean age was 41 years. The sex ratio was 2.75, the males being predominantly affected. Of the 75 cases of urinary stone disease, 30.7% (n = 23) were renal, 46.7% (n = 35) were ureteral, and 22.7% (n = 17) were vesical. The patients came from variable geographical areas, ethnic groups, and professional sectors. Their main complaints were pain (57.3%), hematuria (14.7%), dysuria (12%), and fever (5.3%). 15 (20%) patients, i.e., 7 renal stone and 8 ureteral stone patients, had an obstructive renal failure. The imaging tools available were ultrasonography, tomography and computed tomographic scan. 11 of the bladder stone cases (64.7%) were associated with a bladder outlet obstruction. Overall, 38.7% of the patients had either diabetes mellitus (6.7%), hypertension or high blood pressure (6.7%), benign prostate hyperplasia (8%), urinary schistosomiasis (6.7%), ureteral pelvic junction obstruction (2.7%), and prostate cancer (1.3%). Of the 19 patients whose dietary behavior was investigated 15 (79%), 11 (57.9%) et 11 (57.9%) demonstrated a diet which was respectively rich in milk, fromage and meat. 100% of bladder stones were removed through cystolithotomy. Renal stones were removed by pyelolithtomy (52.2%) and nephrolithotomy (21.7%). Ureteral stones were removed through ureterolithotomy (40%), expelled by means of alpha-blockers (40%) or managed with ureteral pigtail stent (20%). Conclusion: The hospital prevalence of urinary stone d

关键词： Urinary Stone Epidemiologic Diagnostic Therapeutic

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Evaluation of the Living Conditions and Health Perceptions of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Handlers in the Informal Sector in Dakar

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Occupational Diseases and environmental Medicine 2024年第2期12卷 115-129页

作者： Robert Faomowe Foko Awa Ndong Marius Kedote Fatoumata Bah Absa lam Cheikh Diop Aminata Toure Mathilde Cabral Mamadou Fall laboratoire de Toxicologie et d’ Hydrologie Facult&#233 de M&#233decine Pharmacie et Odontostomalogie Universit&#233 Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar Dakar S&#233n&#233gal Unité Mixte de Recherche d&#8217Exploration et de Diagnostic Unit&#233 de Formation et de Recherche des Sciences de la Sant&#233 Universit&#233 Iba Der Thiam de Thi&#232s Thi&#232s S&#233n&#233gal institut Ré gional de Sant&#233 Publique Universit&#233 d&#8217Abomey-Calavi Ouidah B&#233nin

Electrical and electronic devices are becoming an increasingly important part of our society. In Africa, and in Senegal in particular, the handling and management of electronic and electrical equipment (EEE) that has reached the end of its life is mainly informal. This professional environment is characterized by the disintegration of the sector and the social heterogeneity that can be found there. The objective of this study is to assess the standard of living of electrical and electronic equipment waste handlers in the Dakar region, as well as their perception of their health. A survey was used to obtain information on sociodemographic background, living arrangements, perception of health status, and good practices to be implemented in case of work-related health problems. Life style, perception of general health and health problems were ranged as excellent, very good, good, average and poor. Informal recyclers in the Dakar region lived mainly in rooms and buildings as tenants (49.1%), or in family homes (48.4%) before starting this activity, and 51.2% continue to live in rooms and buildings as tenants compared to 41.4% who still live in a family home. The perception of health status ranged from poor to excellent, and 4.9% believe that they are limited in work due to a disability or health problem. Informal work is a heterogeneous phenomenon that makes research and policymaking particularly complex. There are several external factors within informal WEEE re-cyclers that can cause health problems or functional disability. However, the living conditions and the perception they have of their state of health are contradictory to the working conditions and the social environment to which they belong. A biomedical approach would consolidate these achievements by confirming or invalidating them.

关键词： E-Waste Informal Work Living Arrangements Health Perception Occupational Exposure

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The influence of proxy selection on global annual mean temperature reconstructions during the Common Era

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Science China Earth sciences 2024年第8期67卷 2522-2534页

作者： Bao YANG Xia LI Minhui HE Feng WANG Yesi ZHAO Peng ZHANG Jianglin WANG Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling School of Geography and Ocean ScienceNanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China Key laboratory of desert and desertification Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China Centre Eau Terre environnement Institut National de la Recherche ScientifiqueQuébecQCG1K 9A9Canada GEOTOP Research Centre in the Dynamics of the Earth System MontréalQC H2X 3Y7Canada

The reconstruction of global annual mean temperatures made by the PAGES 2k Consortium in 2019 represents one of the most influential sequences of global climate variability over the Common ***,it is still not clear how the reconstruction can be influenced by the selection of reconstruction methods and the selection of proxy records with different temporal resolutions over different *** adopt a widely used Composite-Plus-Scale method to elucidate the effects of the selection of the proxy records on temperature *** ensure the uniformity of data,different types of proxy records spanning the past~2000 years from the PAGES 2k proxy network were used to investigate the potential effects of proxy selection in hemispheric and global temperature reconstructions during the past two *** long-term trends,spectral characteristics,and volcanic responses of the annual temperatures were studied based on the *** results reveal a significant cooling trend in the global annual mean temperature using both tree-ring and non-tree-ring records during the 1–1850CE period,and show that the cooling exhibits a stronger trend in the Southern Hemisphere(SH)than that in the Northern Hemisphere(NH).Yet,the long-term trends vary according to different combinations of proxy *** reconstructions based on different types of proxies also exhibit different features in terms of volcanic responses and spectral ***-ring-based temperature reconstructions show stronger cooling responses to tropical volcanic eruptions,while non-tree-ring-based reconstructions suggest less robust volcanic responses,which may be related to dating uncertainties and low temporal resolution of the ***-ring width records tend to preserve a substantial proportion of high-frequency(end to capture a larger fraction of low-frequency(>200 years)*** are needed to reduce uncertainti

关键词： Millennial cooling trend Global climate change Proxy records Volcanic eruptions Spectral properties Common Era

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Epidemiology, Clinical Features and Antifungal Resistance Profile of Candida auris in Africa: Systematic Review

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第1期12卷 126-149页

作者： Isidore Wendkièta Yerbanga Seydou Nakanabo Diallo Toussaint Rouamba delwendé Florence Ouedraogo Katrien lagrou Rita Oladele Jean-Pierre Gangneux Olivier denis Hector Rodriguez-Villalobos Isabel Montesinos Sanata Bamba Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Régional de Ouahigouya Ouahigouya Burkina Faso Ecole Doctorale des sciences de la santé Université Nazi Boni Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Centre Muraz/institut National de santé Publique Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro Institute for Research in Health Sciences National Center for Scientific and Technological Research Ouagadougou Burkina Faso department of Microbiology Immunology and Transplantation KU Leuven Leuven Belgium and Department of Laboratory Medicine and National Reference Center for Mycosis Excellence Center for Medical Mycology (ECMM) University Hospitals Leuven Leuven Belgium College of Medicine University of Lagos Lagos Nigeria Univ Rennes CHU Rennes Inserm Irset (Institut de recherche en santé environnement et travail) European ECMM Excellence Center in Medical Mycology Université de Rennes Rennes France department of Microbiology CHU Namur site-Godinne Université Catholique de Louvain Yvoir Belgium Ecole de santé Publique Université Libre de Bruxelles Brussels Belgium department of Microbiology Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc—Université Catholique de Louvain Bruxelles Belgium Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sour? Sanou Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso

Candida auris since it discovery in 2009 is becoming a severe threat to human health due to its very quickly spread, its worldwide high resistance to systemic antifungal drugs. In resource-constrained settings where several conditions are met for its emergence and spread, this worrisome fungus could cause large hospital and/or community-based outbreaks. This review aimed to summarize the available data on C. auris in Africa focusing on its epidemiology and antifungal resistance profile. Major databases were searched for articles on the epidemiology and antifungal resistance profile of C. auris in Africa. Out of 2,521 articles identified 22 met the inclusion criteria. In Africa, nearly 89% of African countries have no published data on C. auris. The prevalence of C. auris in Africa was 8.74%. The case fatality rate of C. auris infection in Africa was 39.46%. The main C. auris risk factors reported in Africa were cardiovascular disease, renal failure, diabetes, HIV, recent intake of antimicrobial drugs, ICU admissions, surgery, hemodialysis, parenteral nutrition and indwelling devices. Four phylogenetic clades were reported in Africa, namely clades I, II, III and IV. Candida auris showed a pan-African very high resistance rate to fluconazole, moderate resistance to amphotericin B, and high susceptibility to echinocandins. Finally, C. auris clade-specific mutations were observed within the ERG2, ERG3, ERG9, ERG11, FKS1, TAC1b and MRR1 genes in Africa. This systematic review showed the presence of C. auris in the African continent and a worrying unavailability of data on this resilient fungus in most African countries.

关键词： Africa Antifungal Resistance Candida auris Clinical Features Phylogenetic Clades

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Performance Evaluation of Solar Chimney Draft: Application to Ventilation

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Smart Grid and Renewable energy 2024年第4期15卷 107-122页

作者： Boukaré Ouedraogo Adama Ouedraogo Arouna Kabore Kalifa Palm Dieudonné Joseph Bahiebo laboratoire denergies Thermiques Renouvelables (LETRE) Universit Joseph KI-ZERBO: UFR/SEA Ouagadougou Burkina Faso laboratoire de Chimie Analytique Physique Spatiale et Energtique (LACAPSE) Universit Norbert ZONGO Koudougou Burkina Faso Centre Universitaire Polytechnique de Kaya (CUP-Kaya) Universit Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso laboratoire des Systmes denergie Renouvelable et environnement Institut de Recherche en Sciences Appliques et Technologies (IRSAT) Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Ventilation is one of the factors contributing to energy consumption in buildings and food preservation. The solar chimney proves to be an alternative for reducing conventional energy consumption. Thus, in this study, the performance of a solar chimney with two active faces for thermally drawing air from a chamber for preserving agri-food products was evaluated. These performances were experimentally assessed through data measurements: temperatures and velocities within the chimney, and their analysis using Excel and MATlaB. The obtained results were compared with those from literature to verify their validity. From this study, it is found that the maximum temperature at the chimney outlet reaches 49.4˚C with an average value of 43.7˚C. Additionally, the heating evolution of the chimney air presents four (04) identical phases in pairs, reflecting the chimney’s operation throughout day. The temperature difference between the outlet and inlet of the chimney reaches a maximum of 17˚C with an average of 12.6˚C. Regarding airflow, the maximum air velocity at the chimney outlet is 0.8 m/s, and the average velocities have consistently been greater than or equal to 0.46 m/s. Thus, it can be concluded that the solar chimney is capable of providing ventilation for the preservation chamber through thermal draft.

关键词： Solar Chimney Natural Ventilation Thermal Draft Airflow Chimney Effect

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Antibiotic Resistance Profile of enterococcus faecalis and enterococcus faecium Isolates from Urine and Pleural Fluid in Two Hospitals of Cameroon

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Open Journal of Medical Microbiology 2024年第1期14卷 39-49页

作者： Cécile Ingrid Djuikoue Farid Wega Grace Yemina Kombeu Cedric Seugnou Nana Christiane Possi Kiyang Lussabella Pohoko Medzam Erica Megane Noubissi Makougoum Nellie Mbianga Nkuigoua Herman Koyouo Tagne Mérimé Joël Tchinda Talokou Yvonne Valérie Yolande Mavoungou Ashu Michel Agbor Microbiology department of the Faculty of Health sciences of the Université des Montagnes Bangangté Cameroon Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical sciences University of Douala Douala Cameroon Microbiology department of the Faculty of Health sciences of institut Universitaire du Golf de Guinée Douala Cameroon Centre Hospitalier Dominicain St Martin de Porres Yaoundé Cameroun Faculté des sciences de la santé Université Marien Ngouabi Brazzaville République du Congo

enterococcus faecalis and enterococcus faecium rank among the leading causes of nosocomial bacteremia and urinary tract infections. They often persist on hospital surfaces due to their ability to withstand adverse environmental conditions (low or high temperatures, high pH, and high salinity). The global enterococcus faecalis-enterococcus faecium ratio is currently shifting towards enterococcus faecium. enterococci present variable levels of resistance to certain families of antibiotics. This is the case for aminoglycosides, beta-lactams and cephalosporins. In 2017, WHO ranked enterococci among priority pathogens for research and development of new antibiotics. The objective of our study was to determine the antibiotic resistance profile of enterococcus faecalis and enterococcus faecium isolates from urine and pleural fluid in two hospitals in Cameroon. This cross-sectional and analytic study was carried out between June to August 2023 on hospitalized and day patients in which a cytobacteriological test of urine and pleural fluid was done. The samples were inoculated on CLED Agar for urine and on Chocolate + polyvitex and blood agar (prepared from Columbia agar) for pleural fluid samples and incubated at 37℃ for 18 to 24 hours. Identification of isolates was carried out using the API 20 STREP micro gallery (Biomerieux, France) and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility. The data on socio-demographical and potential risk factors were recorded using self-administered questionnaires and data from laboratory analyses of the specimen were collected in a data capture sheet. Potential risk factors associated with the presence of enterococci, were evaluated using the logistic regression in univariate and multivariate analysis. P value dered as significant. A total of 511 patients were recruited who were predominantly females. enterococcus spp were isolated in 27.79% of our samples with enterococcus faecalis mostly encountered. enterococcus spp showed a high

关键词： enterococcus faecalis enterococcus faecium Healthcare-Associated Infections Antimicrobial Resistance Cameroon

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