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Intrinsic lithiophilic carbon host derived from bacterial cellulose nanofiber for dendrite-free and long-life lithium metal anode

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Nano Research 2024年第5期17卷 4203-4210页

作者： Gangyi Xiong Jiayu Yu Yalan Xing Puheng Yang Shichao Zhang School of Materials Science and Engineering Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China School of Physics Science and nuclear energy Engineering Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China

Although lithium metal is considered a promising anode for advanced Li-S and Li-air batteries,the uncontrolled dendrite growth and infinite volume change impede its practical ***,we report an ideal framework composed of carbonized bacterial cellulose(CBC)nanofibers,which shows intrinsic lithiophilicity to molten lithium without any lithiophilic surface *** wetting behavior of molten lithium can be significantly improved because its surface functional groups provide thermodynamical driving force,and the high surface roughness derived from nanocracks leads to rapid infusion in *** hybrid anode exhibits long cycle life up to 2000 h and excellent deep stripping-platting capacity up to 20 mAh·cm^(-2).When the anode is assembled with LiFePO_(4) cathode,the full cell delivers a good cycling stability up to 700 *** is attributed to the intrinsic lithiophilic scaffold,which can not only lower the nucleation barrier of Li and provide uniform nucleation sites for stable Li stripping/plating,but also offer interspace to accommodate volume fluctuation of lithium during long *** work provides a new manner to achieve a series of intrinsic lithiophilic carbon skeletons based on the large family of biomass materials and organic materials.

关键词： intrinsic lithiophilicity lithium metal anode bacterial cellulose lithium dendrite long cycling life

Human radiological safety assessment for petawatt laser-driven ion acceleration experiments in CLAPA-T

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第4期9卷 8-15页

作者： Xiaopeng Zhang Jiarui Zhao Shengxuan Xu Xun Chen Ying Gao Shiyou Chen Kun Zhu Xueqing Yan Wenjun Ma State Key Laboratory of nuclear Physics and technology and Key Laboratory of HEDP of the Ministry of EducationCAPTPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics Institute of High Energy PhysicsCASBeijing 100049China Beijing Laser Acceleration Innovation Center HuairouBeijing 101400China Institute of Guangdong Laser Plasma technology BaiyunGuangzhou 510540China

The newly built Compact Laser Plasma Accelerator-Therapy facility at Peking University will deliver 60 J/1 Hz laser pulses with 30 fs *** by this petawatt laser facility,proton beams with energy up to 200 MeV are expected to be generated for tumor *** high-repetition operation,both prompt radiation and residual radiation may cause safety ***,human radiological safety assessment before commissioning is *** this paper,we simulate both prompt and residual radiation using the Geant4 and FLUKA Monte Carlo codes with reasonable proton and as-produced electron beam *** find that the prompt radiation can be shielded well by the concrete wall of the experimental hall,but the risk from residual radiation is nonnegligible and necessitates adequate radiation *** the basis of the simulation results,we discuss the constraints imposed by radiation safety considerations on the annual working time,and we propose radiation cooling strategies for different shooting modes.

关键词： laser prompt acceleration

Experimental Investigations of Quasi-Coherent Micro-Instabilities in J-TEXT Ohmic Plasmas

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Chinese Physics Letters 2024年第5期41卷 47-52页

作者：石鹏庄革程芝峰高丽周乙楠刘永罗景庭李景春 Institute of Plasma Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230031China International Joint Research Laboratory of Magnetic Confinement Fusion and Plasma Physics State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and TechnologySchool of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China Department of Engineering and Applied Physics School of Physical Sciences University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Shenzhen Key Laboratory of nuclear and Radiation Safety Institute for Advanced Study in Nuclear Energy&SafetyCollege of Physics and Optoelectronic EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhen 510640China

Quasi-coherent micro-instabilities is one of the key topics of magnetic confinement fusion. This work focuses on the quasi-coherent spectra of ion temperature gradient(ITG) and trapped-electron-mode instabilities using newly developed far-forward collective scattering measurements within ohmic plasmas in the J-TEXT *** ITG mode is characterized by frequencies ranging from 30 to 100 k Hz and wavenumbers(k_(θρs)) less than 0.3. Beyond a critical plasma density threshold, the ITG mode undergoes a bifurcation, which is marked by a reduction in frequency and an enhancement in amplitude. Concurrently, enhancements in ion energy loss and degradation in confinement are observed. This ground-breaking discovery represents the first instance of direct experimental evidence that establishes a clear link between ITG instability and ion thermal transport.

关键词： ITG mode collective

Insights on advanced g‐C_(3)N_(4)in energy storage:Applications,challenges,and future

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Carbon energy 2024年第4期6卷 22-78页

作者： Xiaojie Yang Jian Peng Lingfei Zhao Hang Zhang Jiayang Li Peng Yu Yameng Fan Jiazhao Wang Huakun Liu Shixue Dou School of nuclear technology and Chemistry&Biology Hubei Key Laboratory of Radiation Chemistry and Functional MaterialsHubei University of Science and TechnologyXianningChina Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials Australian Institute for Innovative MaterialsUniversity of WollongongNorth WollongongNew South WalesAustralia State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die&Mould technology School of Materials Science and EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina Institute of energy Materials Science University of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghaiChina

Graphitic carbon nitride(g‐C_(3)N_(4))is a highly recognized two‐dimensional semiconductor material known for its exceptional chemical and physical stability,environmental friendliness,and pollution‐free *** remarkable properties have sparked extensive research in the field of energy *** review paper presents the latest advances in the utilization of g‐C_(3)N_(4)in various energy storage technologies,including lithium‐ion batteries,lithium‐sulfur batteries,sodium‐ion batteries,potassium‐ion batteries,and *** of the key strengths of g‐C_(3)N_(4)lies in its simple preparation process along with the ease of optimizing its material *** possesses abundant amino and Lewis basic groups,as well as a high density of nitrogen,enabling efficient charge transfer and electrolyte solution ***,the graphite‐like layered structure and the presence of largeπbonds in g‐C_(3)N_(4)contribute to its versatility in preparing multifunctional materials with different dimensions,element and group doping,and conjugated *** characteristics open up possibilities for expanding its application in energy storage *** article comprehensively reviews the research progress on g‐C_(3)N_(4)in energy storage and highlights its potential for future applications in this *** exploring the advantages and unique features of g‐C_(3)N_(4),this paper provides valuable insights into harnessing the full potential of this material for energy storage applications.

关键词： g‐C_(3)N_(4) lithium‐ion batteries lithium‐sulfur batteries potassium‐ion batteries sodium‐ion batteries supercapacitors

Resistive field generation in intense proton beam interaction with solid targets

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第1期9卷 35-43页

作者： W.Q.Wang J.J.Honrubia Y.Yin X.H.Yang F.Q.Shao Department of Physics National University of Defense TechnologyHunanChina ETSI Aeronáutica y del Espacio Universidad Politécnica de MadridMadridSpain Department of nuclear Science and technology National University of Defense TechnologyHunanChina

The Brown-Preston-Singleton(BPS)stopping power model is added to our previously developed hybrid code to model ion beam-plasma *** simulations show that both resistive field and ion scattering effects are important for proton beam transport in a solid target,in which they compete with each *** the target is not completely ionized,the self-generated resistive field effect dominates over the ion scattering ***,when the target is completely ionized,this situation is ***,it is found that Ohmic heating is important for higher current densities and materials with high *** energy fraction deposited as Ohmic heating can be as high as 20%-30%.Typical ion divergences with half-angles of about 5°-10°will modify the proton energy deposition substantially and should be taken into account.

关键词： interaction beam intense

Invisible and semi-invisible decays of bottom baryons

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Chinese Physics C 2024年第8期48卷 127-139页

作者： Yong Zheng Jian-Nan Ding Dong-Hao Li Lei-Yi Li Cai-Dian Lü Fu-Sheng Yu MOE Frontiers Science Center for Rare Isotopes Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China School of nuclear Science and technology Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Center for High energy Physics Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Institute of High energy Physics CASBeijing 100049China School of Physical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 101408China

The similar densities of dark matter and baryons in the universe imply that they may arise from the same ultraviolet model.B-Mesogenesis,which assumes dark matter is charged under the baryon number,attempts to simultaneously explain the origin of baryon asymmetry and dark matter in the *** particular,B-Mesogenesis may induce bottom-baryon decays into invisible or semi-invisible final states,which provide a distinctive signal for probing this *** this work,we systematically study the invisible decays of bottom baryons into dark matter and the semi-invisible decays of bottom baryons into a meson or a photon together with a dark matter *** particular,the fully invisible decay can reveal the stable particles in *** QCD-based frameworks are used to calculate the hadronic matrix elements under the B-Mesogenesis *** estimate the constraints on the Wilson coefficients or the product of some new physics couplings with the Wilson coefficients according to the semi-invisible and invisible decays of bottom baryons detectable at future colliders.

关键词： baryon asymmetry dark matter B-Mesogenesis invisible and semi-invisible decay bottom baryons

Special issue on electrochemical conversion and utilization of hydrogen energy

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Frontiers in energy 2024年第3期18卷 263-264页

作者： Yun ZHENG Bo YU Xiaogang FU Jiujun ZHANG Institute of New energy Materials and Engineering School of Materials Science and EngineeringFuzhou UniversityFuzhou 350108China State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing Atomic Control&Catalysis Engineering LaboratorySchool of Materials Science and EngineeringNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072China Institute of nuclear and New energy technology Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

The concerns over energy crisis and climate change caused by the excessive consumption of fossil fuels and the associated emission of greenhouse gases, have driven many countries to develop policies for an energy transition into zero-carbon energy sources, essentially aiming at decarbonizing their energy systems. Among various renewable sources, hydrogen has been hailed as an ideal alternative to provide secure, cost-effective, and non-polluting energy. In recent years, there has been noteworthy progress in hydrogen electrochemical conversion and utilization techniques and devices, including water electrolyzers, proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), etc. Each of these technologies has yielded a series of encouraging advances. To showcase these recent advances, Frontiers in energy is launching a special issue titled “electrochemical conversion and utilization of hydrogen energy”.

关键词： hydrogen energy. electrochemical

Functional Optical Fiber Sensors Detecting Imperceptible Physical/Chemical Changes for Smart Batteries

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第8期16卷 268-308页

作者： Yiding Li Li Wang Youzhi Song Wenwei Wang Cheng Lin Xiangming He Institute of nuclear and New energy technology Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084People’s Republic of China National Engineering Research Center of Electric Vehicles Beijing Institute of Technology(BIT)Beijing 100081People’s Republic of China Shenzhen Automotive Research Institute of BIT(Shenzhen Research Institute of National Engineering Research Center of Electric Vehicles) Shenzhen 518118People’s Republic of China

The battery technology progress has been a contradictory process in which performance improvement and hidden risks *** the battery is still a“black box”,thus requiring a deep understanding of its internal *** battery should“sense its internal physical/chemical conditions”,which puts strict requirements on embedded sensing *** paper summarizes the application of advanced optical fiber sensors in lithium-ion batteries and energy storage technologies that may be mass deployed,focuses on the insights of advanced optical fiber sensors into the processes of one-dimensional nano-micro-level battery material structural phase transition,electrolyte degradation,electrode-electrolyte interface dynamics to three-dimensional macro-safety *** paper contributes to understanding how to use optical fiber sensors to achieve“real”and“embedded”*** the inherent advantages of the advanced optical fiber sensor,it helps clarify the battery internal state and reaction mechanism,aiding in the establishment of more detailed *** advancements can promote the development of smart batteries,with significant importance lying in essentially promoting the improvement of system ***,with the help of smart batteries in the future,the importance of consistency can be weakened or even *** application of advanced optical fiber sensors helps comprehensively improve the battery quality,reliability,and life.

关键词： Smart battery Advanced embedded optical fiber sensor Battery internal physical/chemical state Quality-reliability-life characteristic

Theoretical analysis of the double-differential cross-sections of neutron,proton,deuteron,^(3)He,andαfor the p+^(6) Li reaction

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nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第3期35卷 181-197页

作者： Fang-Lei Zou Xiao-Jun Sun Jing-Shang Zhang Hai-Rui Guo Yin-Lu Han Rui-Rui Xu Xi Tao Ji-Min Wang Xiao-Dong Sun Yuan Tian Tao Ye Yong-Li Xu Chun-Tian Liang College of Physics Guangxi Normal University541004 GuilinChina Guangxi Key Laboratory of nuclear Physics and nuclear technology 541004 GuilinChina China Institute of Atomic energy P.O.Box 275(41)102413 BeijingChina Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics 10094 BeijingChina College of Physics and Electronic Shanxi Datong University037009 DatongChina School of Science Tianjin Chengjian University300384 TianjinChina

Based on the unified Hauser–Feshbach and exciton model,which can describe the particle emission processes between discrete energy levels with energy,angular momentum,and parity conservations,a statistical theory of light nucleus reaction(STLN)is developed to calculate the double-differential cross-sections of the outgoing neutron and light charged particles for the proton-induced^(6) Li reaction.A significant difference is observed between the p+^(6) Li and p+^(7) Li reactions owing to the discrepancies in the energy-level structures of the *** reaction channels,including sequential and simultaneous emission processes,are analyzed in *** the double-differential cross-sections of the outgoing proton as an example,the influence of contaminations(such as^(1) H,^(7)Li,^(12)C,and^(16)O)on the target is identified in terms of the kinetic energy of the first emitted *** optical potential parameters of the proton are obtained by fitting the elastic scattering differential *** calculated total double-differential cross-sections of the outgoing proton and deuteron at E_(p)=14 MeV agree well with the experimental data for different outgoing ***,the mixed double differential cross-sections of^(3) He andαare in good agreement with the *** agreement between the measured data and calculated results indicates that the two-body and three-body breakup reactions need to be considered,and the pre-equilibrium reaction mechanism dominates the reaction *** on the STLN model,a PLUNF code for the p+^(6) Li reaction is developed to obtain an ENDF-6-formatted file of the double-differential cross-sections of the nucleon and light composite charged particles.

关键词： Statistical theory of light nucleus reaction p+^(6)Li reaction Light composite charged particle Double-differential cross-sections Two-body breakup Three-body breakup