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Mshpy23:a user-friendly,parameterized model of magnetosheath conditions

Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 89-104页

作者： Jaewoong Jung Hyunju Connor Andrew Dimmock Steve Sembay Andrew Read Jan Soucek NASA Goddard Space Flight Center GreenbeltMDUSA Department of Astronomy University of MarylandCollege ParkMDUSA Swedish institude of Space Physics UppsalaSweden University of Leicester LeicesterUK Institute of Atmospheric Physics Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic

Lunar Environment heliospheric X-ray Imager(LEXI)and Solar wind−Magnetosphere−Ionosphere Link Explorer(SMILE)will observe magnetosheath and its boundary motion in soft X-rays for understanding magnetopause reconnection modes under various solar wind conditions after their respective launches in 2024 and *** conditions,namely,plasma density,velocity,and temperature,are key parameters for predicting and analyzing soft X-ray images from the LEXI and SMILE *** developed a userfriendly model of magnetosheath that parameterizes number density,velocity,temperature,and magnetic field by utilizing the global Magnetohydrodynamics(MHD)model as well as the pre-existing gas-dynamic and analytic *** this parameterized magnetosheath model,scientists can easily reconstruct expected soft X-ray images and utilize them for analysis of observed images of LEXI and SMILE without simulating the complicated global magnetosphere ***,we created an MHD-based magnetosheath model by running a total of 14 OpenGGCM global MHD simulations under 7 solar wind densities(1,5,10,15,20,25,and 30 cm)and 2 interplanetary magnetic field Bz components(±4 nT),and then parameterizing the results in new magnetosheath *** compared the magnetosheath model result with THEMIS statistical data and it showed good agreement with a weighted Pearson correlation coefficient greater than 0.77,especially for plasma density and plasma ***,we compiled a suite of magnetosheath models incorporating previous magnetosheath models(gas-dynamic,analytic),and did two case studies to test the *** MHD-based model was comparable to or better than the previous models while providing self-consistency among the magnetosheath ***,we constructed a tool to calculate a soft X-ray image from any given vantage point,which can support the planning and data analysis of the aforementioned LEXI and SMILE missions.A release of the code has been uploaded to a Git

关键词： magnetosheath python modeling

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Temporal Unfolding of Racial Ingroup Bias in Neural Responses to Perceived Dynamic Pain in Others

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2024年第2期40卷 157-170页

作者： Chenyu Pang Yuqing Zhou Shihui Han School of psychological and Cognitive sciences PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain ResearchBeijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental HealthPeking UniversityBeijing 100081China CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science Institute of PsychologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Department of Psychology University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

In this study,we investigated how empathic neural responses unfold over time in different empathy networks when viewing same-race and other-race individuals in dynamic painful *** recorded magnetoencephalography signals from Chinese adults when viewing video clips showing a dynamic painful(or non-painful)stimulation to Asian and White models’faces to trigger painful(or neutral)*** found that perceived dynamic pain in Asian models modulated neural activities in the visual cortex at 100 ms–200 ms,in the orbitofrontal and subgenual anterior cingulate cortices at 150 ms–200 ms,in the anterior cingulate cortex around 250 ms–350 ms,and in the temporoparietal junction and middle temporal gyrus around 600 ms after video *** dynamic pain in White models modulated activities in the visual,anterior cingulate,and primary sensory cortices after 500 *** findings unraveled earlier dynamic activities in multiple neural circuits in response to same-race(vs other-race)individuals in dynamic painful situations.

关键词： Empathy Race Magnetoencephalography Dynamic pain Cingulate cortex

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Prevalence of prolonged grief disorder and its symptoms among bereaved individuals in China:a systematic review and meta-analysis

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General Psychiatry 2024年第2期37卷 177-188页

作者： Meng-Di Yuan Jun-Fa Liu Bao-Liang Zhong Research Center for psychological and Health sciences China University of Geosciences(Wuhan)WuhanHubeiChina Department of Psychiatry Wuhan Mental Health CentreWuhanHubeiChina

Background The prevalence of prolonged grief disorder(PGD)and its symptoms among the bereaved population in China vary *** This meta-analysis aims to estimate the prevalence of PGD and its symptoms among bereaved individuals in *** We conducted a literature search in major Chinese and English databases from their inception to 4 October 2023,for cross-sectional studies on the prevalence of PGD or its symptoms in bereaved Chinese *** risk of bias of the included studies and certainty of the evidence were assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Studies Reporting Prevalence Data(‘JBI checklist’)and the Grading of Recommendations,Assessment,Development and Evaluations(GRADE),***‘metaprop’package in R V.4.1.2 was used to synthesise the *** A total of 28 studies involving 10994 bereaved individuals were included in the analysis,with JBI checklist scores between 3 and *** combined prevalence(95%confidence interval)of PGD and its symptoms was 8.9%(4.2%to 17.6%)and 32.4%(18.2%to 50.8%),*** and its symptoms were most prevalent among those who had lost their only child(22.7%)and those bereaved by earthquakes(80.4%),*** GRADE system assigned a very low certainty level to the evidence for the pooled prevalence of PGD and its *** The pooled prevalence of PGD and its symptoms indicate a potential high need for grief counselling services among bereaved individuals in *** need is particularly pronounced in those who have lost their only child and those bereaved due to *** methodologically rigorous studies are needed to provide more accurate prevalence *** registration number CRD42023432553.

关键词： symptoms prevalence analysis

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A comparison of statistical learning of naturalistic textures between DCNNs and the human visual hierarchy

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Science China(Technological sciences) 2024年第8期67卷 2310-2318页

作者： LU XinCheng YUAN ZiQi ZHANG YiChi AI HaiLin CHENG SiYuan GE YiRan FANG Fang CHEN NiHong Department of psychological and Cognitive sciences Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Department of Computer Science and Technology Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China School of psychological and Cognitive sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Key Laboratory of Machine Perception(Ministry of Education) Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life sciences Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science Institute of PsychologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

The visual system continuously adapts to the statistical properties of the environment. Existing evidence shows a close resemblance between deep convolutional neural networks(CNNs) and primate visual stream in neural selectivity to naturalistic textures above the primary visual processing stage. This study delves into the mechanisms of perceptual learning in CNNs,focusing on how they assimilate the high-order statistics of natural textures. Our results show that a CNN model achieves a similar performance improvement as humans, as manifested in the learning pattern across different types of high-order image statistics. While L2 was the first stage exhibiting texture selectivity, we found that stages beyond L2 were critically involved in learning. The significant contribution of L4 to learning was manifested both in the modulations of texture-selective responses and in the consequences of training with frozen connection weights. Our findings highlight learning-dependent plasticity in the mid-to-high-level areas of the visual hierarchy. This research introduces an AI-inspired approach for studying learning-induced cortical plasticity, utilizing DCNNs as an experimental framework to formulate testable predictions for empirical brain studies.

关键词： CNN perceptual learning naturalistic texture psychophysics

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Learning Improves Peripheral Vision Via Enhanced Cortico-Cortical Communications

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2024年第7期40卷 1007-1011页

作者： Yuwei Cui Xincheng Lu MiYoung Kwon Nihong Chen Department of psychological and Cognitive sciences Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research at Tsinghua University Beijing 100084China Department of Psychology Northeastern UniversityBostonMA 02115USA

Dear Editor,The adult human visual system is capable of reshaping its oculomotor control and sensory coding to adapt to impoverished visual *** one's central vision is deprived,a spared part of the peripheral retina acts as a pseudo fovea termed as preferred retinal locus(PRL).In people with normal vision,a PRL can be induced via oculomotor training with simulated central vision loss[1,2].

关键词： visual shaping capable

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Not in Control,but Liable?Attributing Human Responsibility for Fully Automated Vehicle Accidents

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Engineering 2024年第2期33卷 121-132页

作者： Siming Zhai Lin Wang Peng Liu Center for psychological sciences Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310063China Department of Library and Information Science Incheon National UniversityIncheon 22012Republic of Korea

Human agency has become increasingly limited in complex systems with increasingly automated decision-making *** instance,human occupants are passengers and do not have direct vehicle control in fully automated cars(i.e.,driverless cars).An interesting question is whether users are responsible for the accidents of these *** ethical and legal analyses frequently argue that individuals should not bear responsibility for harm beyond their ***,we consider human judgment of responsibility for accidents involving fully automated cars through three studies with seven experiments(N=2668).We compared the responsibility attributed to the occupants in three conditions:an owner in his private fully automated car,a passenger in a driverless robotaxi,and a passenger in a conventional taxi,where none of these three occupants have direct vehicle control over the involved vehicles that cause identical pedestrian *** contrast to normative analyses,we show that the occupants of driverless cars(private cars and robotaxis)are attributed more responsibility than conventional taxi *** dilemma is robust across different contexts(e.g.,participants from China vs the Republic of Korea,participants with first-vs third-person perspectives,and occupant presence vs absence).Furthermore,we observe that this is not due to the perception that these occupants have greater control over driving but because they are more expected to foresee the potential consequences of using driverless *** findings suggest that when driverless vehicles(private cars and taxis)cause harm,their users may face more social pressure,which public discourse and legal regulations should manage appropriately.

关键词： Fully automated vehicle accidents Responsibility attribution Controllability Foreseeability

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The Role of Impulsivity and Addiction in Gambling Behaviors: How Applied Neuroscience Research Can Help in the Monitoring and Management of Mental Health Issues

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Open Journal of Medical Psychology 2024年第1期13卷 11-24页

作者： Yingzhen Jia Kimberly Rose Clark College of Arts and sciences Boston University Boston MA USA Department of psychological and Brain sciences Dartmouth College Hanover NH USA

One in five Americans experience symptoms associated with at least one mental health disorder every year. These include behavioral addictions, which have long been overlooked despite their similar neural bases with substance addictions. Gambling addiction, a type of behavioral addiction, deserves particular attention given the significant negative effects, this addiction has on financial and interpersonal health. The purpose of this paper is to review the available literature concerning the behavioral and neural processes involved in gambling addiction, including: the anticipation of reward, the role of dopamine, and the neural substrates of the decision-making processes involved in gambling addiction. Market research has also identified solutions that integrate applied neuroscience and self-tracking systems to monitor and manage mental health issues associated with gambling addiction. The authors then propose a gambling treatment-focused mobile app solution that addresses outstanding issues with a special design aimed at reversing plasticity in order to relieve the effects of gambling addiction. .

关键词： Applied Neuroscience Gambling Addiction Mental Health Management

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Internet Gaming Disorder and Mental Health of Children in China:A Latent Profile Analysis

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International Journal of Mental Health Promotion 2024年第7期26卷 517-529页

作者： Md Zahir Ahmed Oli Ahmed Lingfeng Gao Mary C.Jobe Weijian Li School of Psychology Zhejiang Normal UniversityJinhua321004China Department of Psychology University of ChittagongChattogram4331Bangladesh Department of psychological and Brain sciences The George Washington UniversityWashington DC20052USA

In recent years,speculation of an increase in Internet Gaming Disorder(IGD)has surfaced with the growing popularity of internet gaming among Chinese children and *** detrimental impact of IGD on mental health cannot be denied,even though only a small portion of the screen-dependent population exhibits psychopathological and behavioral *** present study aimed to explore a latent proﬁle analysis(LPA)of Internet Gaming Disorder on the mental health of Chinese school *** data were collected from a sample of 1005 Chinese school students(49.8%male;age M=13.32,SD=1.34 years)using a paper-pencil survey through convenience *** explored three latent proﬁles of internet gamers:regular gamers(62.4%),moderate gamers(28.1%),and probable disordered gamers(9.4%).Results showed that the probable disordered gamers had signiﬁcantly higher levels of depression,anxiety,emotional and conduct problems,hyperactivity,and peer problem symptoms as well as lower life satisfaction,and pro-social symptoms compared to regular and moderate gamers(p<0.05).This study would be helpful to mental health professionals in designing interventions for gamers who present IGD *** longitudinal studies should also be undertaken to assess whether mental health worsens for probable disordered gamers.

关键词： Internet gaming disorder latent proﬁle analysis mental health children and adolescents China

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A flexible,thin-film microchannel electrode array device for selective subdiaphragmatic vagus nerve recording

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第1期10卷 115-128页

作者： Jongcheon Lim Peter A.Zoss Terry L.Powley Hyowon Lee Matthew P.Ward Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA Birck Nanotechnology Center Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA Center for Implantable Devices Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA Department of psychological sciences Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA Purdue Institute of Integrative Neuroscience Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA Indiana University School of Medicine IndianapolisINUSA

The vagus nerve(VN)plays an important role in regulating physiological conditions in the gastrointestinal(GI)tract by communicating via the parasympathetic pathway to the enteric nervous system(ENS).However,the lack of knowledge in the neurophysiology of the VN and GI tract limits the development of advanced treatments for autonomic dysfunctions related to the *** better understand the complicated underlying mechanisms of the VN-GI tract neurophysiology,it is necessary to use an advanced device enabled by microfabrication *** several candidates including intraneural probe array and extraneural cuff electrodes,microchannel electrode array devices can be used to interface with smaller numbers of nerve fibers by securing them in the separate channel *** microchannel electrode array devices to interface teased nerve structures are relatively bulky with thickness around 200µ*** thick design can potentially harm the delicate tissue structures,including the nerve *** this paper,we present a flexible thin film based microchannel electrode array device(thickness:11.5µm)that can interface with one of the subdiaphragmatic nerve branches of the VN in a *** demonstrated recording evoked compound action potentials(ECAP)from a transected nerve ending that has multiple nerve ***,our analysis confirmed that the signals are from C-fibers that are critical in regulating autonomic neurophysiology in the GI tract.

关键词： electrode recording film

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Application of Synthetic Iron Oxyhydroxide with Influencing Factors for Removal of As(Ⅴ) and As(Ⅲ) from Groundwater

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Journal of Earth Science 2024年第3期35卷 998-1009页

作者： Shakeel Ahmed Talpur Muhammad Yousuf Jat Baloch Chunli Su Javed Iqbal Aziz Ahmed Hafeez Ahmed Talpur School of Environmental Studies China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430078China DiSPUTer Department of PsychologicalHealth and Territory SciencesUniversity“G.d′Annunzio”Chieti-Pescara66100 ChietiItaly College of New Energy and Environment Jilin UniversityChangchun 130021China School of Plant Environment and Soil SciencesLouisiana State University Agricultural CentreBaton Rouge LA 70803USA Department od Engineering and Geology University“G.d′Annunzio”Chieti-Pescara66100 ChietiItaly

Synthesized iron oxyhydroxide was applied for the adsorptive removal of As(V)and As(III)from the aquas ***,this investigation highlighted the synergistic effect of calcium carbonate in conjunction with iron oxyhydroxide,resulting in enhanced removal *** experiment was conducted under various conditions:concentration,dosage,pH,agitation,and *** characterizations such as Brunauer Emmett Teller,X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy,and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were implied to understand adsorption *** Langmuir model revealed optimal concentrations for As(V)=500μg/L at pH-5 and As(III)=200μg/L at pH-7,resulting in 95%and 93%adsorption efficiencies,*** adsorption capacities“qm”were found to be 1266.943μg/g for As(V)and 1080.241μg/g for As(III).Freundlich model demonstrated favorable adsorption by indicating“n>1”such as As(V)=2.542 and As(III)=2.707;similarly,the speciation factor“RL<1”for both species as As(V)=0.1 and As(III)=0.5,*** kinetic study presented a pseudo-second-order model as best fitted,indicating throughout chemisorption processes for removing As(V)and As(III).Furthermore,incorporating calcium carbonate presented a significant leap in the removal efficiency,indicating As(V)from 95%to 98%and As(III)from 93%to 96%,*** findings offer profound motivation for developing effective and sustainable solutions to tackle arsenic contamination,underscoring the exceptional promise of iron oxyhydroxide in conjunction with calcium carbonate to achieve maximum removal efficiency.

关键词： adsorption arsenic As(V) As(III) iron oxyhydroxide isotherms kinetics groundwater.

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