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Tropical Cyclones in Nicaragua: Historical Impact and Contemporary Exposure to Disaster Risk

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISASTER RISK SCIENCE 2024年第4期15卷 579-593页

作者： Velasquez-Espinoza, Gema Alcantara-Ayala, Irasema natl Autonomous Univ Nicaragua Fac Sci & Engn Unan Managua 14172 Nicaragua natl Autonomous Univ Mexico UNAM Postgrad Programme Geog Mexico City Mexico natl Autonomous Univ Mex UNAM Inst Geog Mexico City 04510 Mexico

In tropical regions such as Nicaragua, the population's vulnerability to hazards has escalated in recent decades. This increase in vulnerability has led to a surge in disasters, particularly those triggered by intense hurricanes. The implications at the national level are still poorly understood. The aim of this article has, therefore, been two-fold. First, to present a historical review of the direct effects of tropical cyclones on society in Nicaragua from 1852 to 2020. Second, to analyze the statistical probabilities of future hurricane-spawned high winds over Nicaragua. Data on cyclones hitting Nicaragua's coasts were collected, including direct effects, wind speed, pressure, category, direction, and time of landfall. A database was created to classify intensity based on wind speed and frequency. Between 1852 and 2020, Nicaragua experienced 58 tropical cyclones with varying degrees of intensity between September and November. The trajectories of six past hurricanes were considered here regarding the areas that might have been under potential threat. Three zones of influence were delimited along each trajectory according to three wind intensities and the trajectory of these hurricanes. The consequent exposure of each Nicaraguan department and autonomous region was established. The findings are essential to delimitating priority areas for attention regarding the likely impact of tropical cyclones, mainly category 4 and 5 hurricanes. Public officials and the general public can use these data to identify the pressing need for enhanced strategies to mitigate disaster risk and avoid potential disasters.

关键词： Exposure Historical impact Hurricanes Nicaragua Tropical cyclones Vulnerability ATLANTIC HURRICANES FREQUENCY INTENSITY WINDS DECAY

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Research and development of a 0.5-m-long helical superconducting undulator prototype

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NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND TECHNIQUES 2024年第10期35卷 1-10页

作者： Yang, Xiang-Chen Yu, Xiao-Wu Wei, Jun-Hao Zhang, Xiang-Zhen Chen, Zi-Lin Bian, Xiao-Juan Li, He-Ting Feng, Guang-Yao Li, Yu-Hui Univ Sci & Technol China Natl Synchrotron Radiat Lab Hefei 230029 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Inst High Energy Phys Beijing 100049 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Inst High Energy Phys China Spallat Neutron Source Dongguan 523000 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Inst Plasma Phys ASIPP Hefei 230031 Peoples R China

The helical undulator is in high demand in synchrotron radiation facilities for circular polarization generation. Owing to the higher field strength provided by the superconducting undulator compared to the conventional permanent-magnet undulator, greater research efforts should be directed toward this area. The helical superconducting undulator holds great potential in synchrotron radiation facilities, especially in low-energy storage rings that seek circularly polarized radiation with the highest possible radiation flux. Following the successful development of planar superconducting undulators, the institute of High Energy Physics conducted research and development for the helical superconducting undulator. A 0.5-m-long Delta-type superconducting undulator prototype was developed and tested. Detailed information on the design, fabrication, and cryogenic testing of the prototype is presented and discussed.

关键词： Helical Superconducting undulator Delta DESIGN

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Research on perturbation of neutron fluence rate in a closed thermal neutron field due to medium materials

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NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND TECHNIQUES 2024年第10期35卷 1-11页

作者： Yang, Jun-Kai Wang, Ping-Quan Hu, Zhi-Meng Li, Fan Zeng, Jun-Mei Xiao, Lin Guo, Hong-Yu Zhang, Jian Gorini, Giuseppe Zhang, Hui Chu, Chungming Paul Nanjing Univ Coll Engn & Appl Sci Nanjing 210093 Peoples R China natl inst Metrol Beijing 100029 Peoples R China Nanjing Univ Aeronaut & Astronaut Dept Nucl Sci & Technol Nanjing 210093 Peoples R China Univ Milano Bicocca Dept Phys I-20126 Milan Italy

The neutron radiation field has vital applications in areas such as biomedicine, geology, radiation safety, and many others for neutron detection and neutron metrology. Correcting neutron fluence rate perturbation accurately is an important yet challenging problem. This study proposes a correction method that analyzes three physical processes. This method, which transforms the detection process from point detection to area detection, is based on a novel physical model and has been validated through theoretical analyses, experiments, and simulations. According to the average differences between the calculated and experimental results, the new method (1.67%) demonstrated better accuracy than the traditional simulation (2.17%). In a closed thermal neutron radiation field, the detector or strong neutron absorption material significantly perturbs the neutron fluence rate, whereas its impact on the energy spectrum shape and neutron directionality is relatively minor. Furthermore, based on the calculation results of the perturbation rate formula for medium materials with different compositions and sizes, the larger the volume and capture cross section of the medium, the higher the perturbation rate generated in the closed radiation field.

关键词： Perturbation rate Area detection Three-dimensional neutron energy spectrum Closed radiation field INFINITE-PLANE ABSORBERS FLUX PERTURBATIONS SPECTRUM

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Investigation of multinucleon transfer processes in the Langevin equation model

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NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND TECHNIQUES 2024年第10期35卷 1-8页

作者： Zou, Ying Zhang, Ming-Hao Wang, Mei-Chen Zhang, Yu-Hai Zhang, Feng-Shou Beijing Normal Univ Sch Phys & Astron Key Lab Beam Technol Minist Educ Beijing 100875 Peoples R China Beijing Acad Sci & Technol Inst Radiat Technol Beijing 100875 Peoples R China natl Lab Heavy Ion Accelerator Lanzhou Ctr Theoret Nucl Phys Lanzhou 730000 Peoples R China

Multinucleon transfer in low-energy heavy-ion collisions is increasingly considered a promising approach for generating exotic nuclei. Understanding the complex mechanisms involved in multinucleon transfer processes presents significant challenges for the theoretical investigation of nuclear reactions. A Langevin equation model was developed and employed to investigate multinucleon transfer processes. The 40Ar+232Th\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\mathrm{{40}Ar} + \mathrm{{232}Th}$$\end{document} reaction was simulated, and the calculated Wilczy & nacute;ski plot was used to verify the model. Additionally, to study the dynamics of multinucleon transfer reactions, the 136Xe+238U\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\mathrm{{136}Xe} + \mathrm{{238}U}$$\end{document} and 136Xe+209Bi\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\mathrm{{136}Xe} + \mathrm{{209}Bi}$$\end{document} reactions were simulated, and the corresponding TKE-mass and angular distributions were computed to analyze the energy dissipation and scattering angles. This investigation enhances our understanding of the dynamics involved in multinucleon transfer processes.

关键词： Reaction mechanisms Multinucleon transfer reactions Langevin equations Wilczy & nacute ski plot Exotic nuclei HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS QUASI-FISSION FUSION DYNAMICS DISSIPATION ISOTOPES NUCLEI ENERGY

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Towards adaptable synchrotron image restoration pipeline

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NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND TECHNIQUES 2024年第10期35卷 1-13页

作者： Li, Chun Bi, Xiao-Xue Zhang, Yu-Jun Zhang, Zhen Wang, Li-Wen Zhuang, Jian Chen, Dong-Liang Dong, Yu-Hui Zhang, Yi Chinese Acad Sci Inst High Energy Phys Beijing Synchrotron Radiat Facil Beijing 100049 Peoples R China Spallat Neutron Source Sci Ctr Dongguan 523803 Peoples R China Univ Chinese Acad Sci Beijing 100049 Peoples R China Univ Sci & Technol China Natl Synchrotron Radiat Lab Hefei 230029 Peoples R China

Synchrotron microscopic data commonly suffer from poor image quality with degraded resolution incurred by instrumentation defects or experimental conditions. Image restoration methods are often applied to recover the reduced resolution, providing improved image details that can greatly facilitate scientific discovery. Among these methods, deconvolution techniques are straightforward, yet either require known prior information or struggle to tackle large experimental data. Deep learning (DL)-based super-resolution (SR) methods handle large data well, however data scarcity and model generalizability are problematic. In addition, current image restoration methods are mostly offline and inefficient for many beamlines where high data volumes and data complexity issues are encountered. To overcome these limitations, an online image-restoration pipeline that adaptably selects suitable algorithms and models from a method repertoire is promising. In this study, using both deconvolution and pretrained DL-based SR models, we show that different restoration efficacies can be achieved on different types of synchrotron experimental data. We describe the necessity, feasibility, and significance of constructing such an image-restoration pipeline for future synchrotron experiments.

关键词： Synchrotron Deconvolution Deep learning Super-resolution Pipeline SUPERRESOLUTION REGULARIZATION DECONVOLUTION SOFTWARE

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Ultrasonic enhancement of persulfate oxidation system governs emerging pollutants decontamination

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GREEN ENERGY & ENVIRONMENT 2024年第11期9卷 1666-1678页

作者： Li, Yanpan Zhou, Yanbo Zhou, Yi East China Univ Sci & Technol Natl Engn Res Ctr Ind Wastewater Detoxicat & Resou State Environm Protect Key Lab Environm Risk Asses 130 Meilong Rd Shanghai 200237 Peoples R China East China Univ Sci & Technol Shanghai Engn Res Ctr Multimedia Environm Catalysi 130 Meilong Rd Shanghai 200237 Peoples R China Shanghai inst Pollut Control & Ecol Secur Shanghai 200092 Peoples R China

Emerging contaminants (ECs) are widely present in aquatic environments, posing potential risks to both ecosystems and human health. The ultrasound-assisted persulfate oxidation process has attracted considerable attention in the degradation of ECs due to its ability to generate both sulfate radicals and cavitation effects, enhancing degradation effects. In this paper, the principle of ultrasonic synergistic Fenton-like oxidation system for degrading organic pollutants was reviewed, divided into homogeneous system, non-homogeneous system, and single-atom system to explore the synergistic effect of ultrasound-enhanced persulfate technology in three aspects, and the effects of environmental factors such as ultrasonic frequency and power, system pH, temperature, and initial oxidant concentration on the system's decontamination performance were discussed. Finally, future research on ultrasonically activated persulfate technology is summarized and prospected. (c) 2024 institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://***/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

关键词： Ultrasound Persulfate Emerging contaminants Reaction mechanism Synergistic effects NAPHTHOL BLUE BLACK SONOCATALYTIC DEGRADATION ACTIVATED PERSULFATE WASTE-WATER SONOCHEMICAL DEGRADATION REMOVAL NANOPARTICLES KINETICS PEROXYMONOSULFATE NANOCOMPOSITE

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Hydrocarbon Generation Potential and Organic Matter Enrichment Mechanism of the Cambrian Marine Shale in the Tadong Low Uplift, Tarim Basin

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ACTA GEOLOGICA SINICA-ENGLISH EDITION 2024年第5期98卷 1301-1321页

作者： Miao, Huan Wang, Yanbin Jiang, Zhenxue Zhao, Shihu Shang, Peng Gong, Xun Tao, Chuanqi Zhang, Yu China Univ Petr Natl Key Lab Petr Resources & Engn Beijing 102249 Peoples R China China Univ Petr Unconvent Oil & Gas Sci & Technol Res Inst Beijing 102249 Peoples R China China Univ Min & Technol Coll Geosci & Surveying Engn Beijing 100083 Peoples R China SINOPEC Petr Explorat & Prod Res Inst Beijing 102206 Peoples R China PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Co Gas Prod Plant 2 Yulin 719000 Shaanxi Peoples R China Peking Univ Sch Earth & Space Sci Beijing 100871 Peoples R China Liaoning Petrochem Univ Sch Civil Engn Fushun 113001 Liaoning Peoples R China

Cambrian shales in China and elsewhere contain abundant oil and gas resources. However, due to its deep burial and limited outcrop, there has been relatively little research conducted on it. The Cambrian shale of the Tadong low uplift in the Tarim Basin of western China, specifically the Xidashan-Xishanbulake Formation (Fm.) and overlying Moheershan Fm. provide a case study through the use of organic petrology, mineralogy, organic and elemental geochemistry, with the aim of analyzing and exploring the hydrocarbon generation potential (PG) and organic matter (OM) enrichment mechanisms within these shale formations. The results indicate that: (1) the Cambrian shale of the Tadong low uplift exhibits relatively dispersed OM that consists of vitrinite-like macerals and solid bitumen. These formations have a higher content of quartz and are primarily composed of silica-based lithology; (2) shale samples from the Xidashan-Xishanbulake and Moheershan formations demonstrate high total organic carbon (TOC) and low S-2 content. The OM is predominantly type I and type II kerogens, indicating a high level of maturation in the wet gas period. These shales have undergone extensive hydrocarbon generation, showing characteristics of relatively poor PG; (3) the sedimentary environments of the Xidashan-Xishanbulake and Moheershan formations in the Tadong low uplift are similar. They were deposited in warm and humid climatic conditions, in oxygen-deficient environments, with stable terrigenous inputs, high paleoproductivity, high paleosalinity, weak water-holding capacity, and no significant hydrothermal activity; and (4) the relationship between TOC and the paleoproductivity parameter (P/Ti) is most significant in the Lower Cambrian Xidashan-Xishanbulake Fm., whereas correlation with other indicators is not evident. This suggests a productivity-driven OM enrichment model, where input of land-derived material was relatively small during the Middle Cambrian, and the ancient water exhibi

关键词： Conventional resources hydrocarbon generation potential geochemistry sedimentary environment enrichment mechanism organic matter Cambrian Tadong low uplift SOUTH CHINA CONSTRAINTS SOURCE-ROCK EVALUATION TURPAN-HAMI BASIN GEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS BLACK SHALES RARE-EARTH NW CHINA LOWER ORDOVICIAN SILICEOUS ROCKS TRACE-ELEMENTS

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The quantification of remote sensing

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2005年第S2期48卷 1-11页

作者： GU Xingfa1,2,3,TIAN Guoliang1,2, LI Xiaowen1,2 & GUO Jianning4 1. State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Jointly Sponsored by the institute of Remote Sensing Applications of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100101, China 2. The Center for National Spaceborne Demonstration, Beijing 100101, China 3. institut National de la recherche agronomique, Climat Sol Environnement, 84914 Avignon, France 4. China Center for Resource Satellite Data and Application, Beijing 100830, China Chinese Acad Sci Inst Remote Sensing Applicat State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci Beijing 100101 Peoples R China Beijing Normal Univ State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci Beijing 100101 Peoples R China Ctr natl Spaceborne Demonstrat Beijing 100101 Peoples R China inst natl rech agron F-84914 Avignon France China Ctr Resource Satellite Data & Applicat Beijing 100830 Peoples R China

The paper firstly defined the remote sensing information quantification, analyzed the necessity of developing remote sensing quantification, figured out the application guidelines requirement, and pointed out the importance of quantification research. Then taking the remote sensing application research of CBERS-02 data quantification as the example, the paper described the whole quantification system of “remotely sensed digital signal-radiation information-field parameter inversion”. Finally the paper gave the prospect for the development trend of the quantitative remote sensing.

关键词： remote sensing information quantification CBERS-02 radiometric calibration surface parame- ter reversion.

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Application of a neural network model with multimodal fusion for fluorescence spectroscopy

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NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND TECHNIQUES 2024年第10期35卷 1-14页

作者： Tang, Lin Zhou, Shuang Shi, Kai-Bo Shen, Hong-Tao You, Lei Chengdu Univ Coll Elect Informat & Elect Engn Chengdu 610106 Peoples R China Guangxi Normal Univ Guangxi Key Lab Nucl Phys & Nucl Technol Guilin 541004 Peoples R China Anhui Univ Natl Engn Res Ctr Agroecol Big Data Anal & Applica Hefei 230039 Peoples R China Nanyang Technol Univ Sch Elect & Elect Engn Singapore 639798 Singapore Panzhihua Univ Vanadium & Titanium Resource Comprehens Utilizat K Panzhihua 617000 Peoples R China Chengdu Normal Univ Inst Higher Educ Sichuan Prov Key Lab Interior Layout Optimizat & Secur Chengdu 611130 Peoples R China

In energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, the estimation of the pulse amplitude determines the accuracy of the spectrum measurement. The error generated by the amplitude estimation of the pulse output distorted by the measurement system leads to false peaks in the measured spectrum. To eliminate these false peaks and achieve an accurate estimation of the distorted pulse amplitude, a composite neural network model is proposed, which embeds long and short-term memory (LSTM) into the UNet structure. The UNet network realizes the fusion of pulse sequence features and the LSTM model realizes pulse amplitude estimation. The model is trained using simulated pulse datasets with different amplitudes and distortion times. For the pulse height estimation, the average relative error of the trained model on the test set was approximately 0.64%, which is 27.37% lower than that of the traditional trapezoidal shaping algorithm. Offline processing of a standard iron source further validated the pulse height estimation performance of the UNet-LSTM model. After estimating the amplitude of the distorted pulses using the model, the false peak area was reduced by approximately 91% over the full spectrum and was corrected to the characteristic peak region of interest (ROI). The corrected peak area accounted for approximately 1.32% of the characteristic peak ROI area. The results indicate that the model can accurately estimate the height of distorted pulses and has substantial corrective effects on false peaks.

关键词： UNet Long- and short-term memory Pulse distortion Pulse height estimation Fluorescent spectroscopy

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MICROSTRUCTURE AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OFP/M TiAl ALLOYS AND THE TEMPERATURE EFFECT

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 1998年第6期11卷 417-424页

作者： Z.M.Sun H.Hashimoto S.Sumi Y.H.Park T.Abe Z.H.Shan Tohoku natl Industrial Research inst Sendai Japan

Two intermetallic compounds of Ti-50at.%Al and Ti-48at.%Al-2at.%Cr were prepared with a mechanical alloying and pulse discharge sintering process. The as-sintered material shows a microstructure of equiaxed gamma grain with sub-micron size. Heat treatments in Vacuum at different temperatures up to 1573 K were conducted on the sintered materials. The microstructure of the material coarsened considerably after heat treatment at temperatures higher than 1523 K. The mechanical properties of the as-sintered and the heat treated materials were measured at temperatures up to 973 K, with four-point bending tests. Experimental results indicate that the addition of Cr increases the fracture strength of the intermetallic compound at room temperature and at elevated temperatures as well. The bending fracture strength increases with increasing testing temperature up to about 873 K and a decrease following up. Both fracture strength and fracture strain of the material were found to be improved by heat treatment. (Edited author abstract) 10 Refs.

关键词： titanium aluminide mechanical alloying heat treatment mechanical property temperature

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