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Effect of Silicon and Nitrogen Nutrition on pest and Disease Intensity in Rice

Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(A) 2013年第7期3卷 568-574页

作者： Kasthuri Rajamani Bhupal Raj Gunti Shashi Vemuri Ramesh Bellamkonda Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry College of Agriculture Rajendranagar Hyderabad 500030 India Radio Tracer Research laboratory Acharya N. G Ranga Agricultural University Rajendranagar Hyderabad 500030 India AINP on pesticide Residues Acharya N.G Ranga Agricultural University Rajendranagar Hyderabad 500030 India

Nutrition management is the most important for high yield production but it may affect the response of rice plants to pest and diseases due to the change of microclimate under rice plant canopy. The knowledge of nutrition management and its relation with pest and diseases are basis for setting up a high yield production system. Most of the pest and disease control procedures used by farmers can be considered as soil fertility management and these nutrition practices can have impact on the physiological susceptibility of crop plants to pest and diseases by affecting the plant resistance. Silicon content of plants is particularly effective against pest and diseases in rice and certain rice genotypes are more efficient accumulators of silicon, thus making them more resistant. In the absence of natural heritable resistance in rice varieties, resistance could be induced by alternate strategies to suppress certain pest and pathogens. Hence experiments were carried out in two stages during kharif 2010 and 2011 to assess the concentration of silicon in the index leaves of rice plant utilizing 133 varieties in four locations. The silica content of promising varieties ranged from 1.50% to 3.20%, 1.60% to 3.15%, 1.49% to 3.20% and 1.55% to 3.06% with a mean values of 2.50%, 2.48%, 2.51% and 2.43% at Jagtial, Warangal, Rajendranagar and Rudrur centres of Telangana region and not much variation in mean silica content in index leaves at different places. The overall yield from four locations ranged from 2,653 kg/ha to 6,860 kg/ha with a mean of 5,624 kg/ha. The yields recorded at Jagtial, Warangal, Rajendranagar and Rudrur centres ranged from 2,886 to 7,198, 2,653 to 6,831, 2,653 to 6,860 and 4,399 to 5,950 kg/ha, respectively. The lowest mean yield 5,069 kg/ha was noticed at Rudrur and the highest yield 5,940 kg/ha was found at Warangal. The variations in yields might be due to genotypic variations and also due to variations in climatic conditions of different locations.

关键词：二氧化硅含量水稻病虫害氮素营养强度水稻品种营养管理生产系统作物病虫害

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Metarhizium anisopliae against Prosoestus Spp.,pests of Female Oil Palm Inflorescences:Preliminary laboratory Tests

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Journal of Life Sciences 2018年第4期12卷 173-182页

作者： Hala Kinampinan Adelphe Aby N’goran Hala N’klo Akpesse Akpa Alexandre Moise1 Koua Kouakou Hervé Akpesse Akpa Alexandre Moise laboratory of Zoology and Animal Biology Felix Houphouet-Boigny University22 BP 582 Abidjan 22Cote d’Ivoire National Centre of Agronomic Research(CNRA) Research Station of Bimbresso01 BP 1536 Abidjan 01Cote d'voire National Centre of Agronomic Research(CNRA) Research Station of La Mé13 BP 989 Abidjan 13Cote d’Ivoire

Prosoestus sculptilis and Prosoestus minor(Coleoptera,Curculionidae)are female inflorescences of the oil palm *** insects can cause a considerable decrease(about 40%)of the setting *** currently proposed control method is the chemical control with the use of thiocyclam-hydrogen-oxalate,derived from the *** sustainable agriculture,it is appropriate to use an integrated pest management system,including biological *** purpose of this work is to contribute to the biological control of Prosoestus *** the use of Metarhizium anisopliae,entomopathogenic fungus,to improve fruit set rate of oil palm.A screening of five(05)isolates of the fungus was performed by passive and active suspensions inoculation of spores in increasing *** isolates CNRA-BME2 and CNRA-BME5 were most virulent for these insects with mortality rates of approximately 80%during the passive inoculation on fungic *** concentration c=10^9 spores/mL was optimal during active *** anisopliae is therefore a potential biological control agent against Prosoestus.

关键词： Biological control Prosoestus spp. oil palm tree fruit set rate

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