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Nanoemulsified Mentha piperita and Eucalyptus globulus oils exhibit enhanced repellent activities against Anopheles stephensi

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2019年第11期12卷 520-527页

作者： Rahman Mohammadi Mehdi Khoobdel Maryam Negahban Solmaz Khani health Research Center Life Style InstituteBaqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesTehranIran Iranian Research institute of plant protection TehranIran Faculty of Agriculture Department of Plant ProtectionUniversity of TabrizTabrizIran

Objective:To formulate nanoemulsion from essential oils of Mentha(M.)piperita *** Eucalyptus(E.)globulus *** to compare their repellant activity with normal essential oils and N,N-diethyl-m toluamide(DEET)as a standard chemical ***:In this study,protection time of essential oils and DEET was evaluated on four human subjects using test cage,and their values were determined against Anopheles ***,ED50 values for the above essential oils were determined using the ASTM E951-94 *** compositions of essential oils were determined using GC-MS,and droplet size and zeta potential of the nanoemulsion were measured with dynamic light ***:The results(expressed as mean±SD)showed that protection time of *** 50%,*** Nano 50%,*** 50%,*** Nano 50%,and DEET 25%was(2.89±0.45)h,(4.17±0.28)h,(0.96±0.27)h,(5.51±0.02)h,and(6.10±0.47)h,***50 values were 29.10(95%CI:23.36-36.06)μg/cm^2 for Mentha,19.39(15.35-23.99)μg/cm^2 for Mentha Nano,36.10(28.70-48.01)μg/cm^2 for Eucalyptus,18.50(14.65-23.23)μg/cm^2 for Eucalyptus Nano,and 3.62(2.68-4.55)μg/cm^2 for DEET,*** Nano and *** Nano provided significantly longer protection than normal essential oils *** and ***(P<0.01).Conclusions:The preparation of nanoemulsion from the essential oils of *** and ***,significantly increases the protection time and reduces ED50 values of these essential oils,hence,*** Nano and *** Nano can be good alternatives to DEET and other chemical compounds.

关键词： Essential oil N,N-diethyl-m toluamide Nanoemulsion Eucalyptus Mentha Mosquito repellent

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Nitrogen addition promotes soil carbon accumulation globally

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Science China Life Sciences 2025年第1期68卷 284-293页

作者： Xuemei Yang Suhui Ma Erhan Huang Danhua Zhang Guoping Chen Jiangling Zhu Chengjun Ji Biao Zhu Lingli Liu Jingyun Fang institute of Ecology College of Urban and Environmental Sciencesand Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of EducationPeking University Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Transboundary Ecosecurity of Southwest China School of Ecology and Environmental ScienceYunnan University State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of Sciences

Soil is the largest carbon(C) reservoir in terrestrial ecosystems and plays a crucial role in regulating the global C cycle and climate *** nitrogen(N) deposition has been widely considered as a critical factor affecting soil organic carbon(SOC) storage, but its effect on SOC components with different stability remains unclear. Here, we analyzed extensive empirical data from 304 sites worldwide to investigate how SOC and its components respond to N addition. Our analysis showed that N addition led to a significant increase in bulk SOC(6.7%), with greater increases in croplands(10.6%) and forests(6.0%) compared to grasslands(2.1%). Regarding SOC components, N addition promoted the accumulation of plant-derived C(9.7%–28.5%) over microbial-derived C(0.2%), as well as labile(5.7%) over recalcitrant components(–1.2%), resulting in a shift towards increased accumulation of plant-derived labile C. Consistently, N addition led to a greater increase in particulate organic C(11.9%) than mineral-associated organic C(3.6%), suggesting that N addition promotes C accumulation across all pools, with more increase in unstable than stable pools. The responses of SOC and its components were best predicted by the N addition rate and net primary productivity. Overall, our findings suggest that N enrichment could promote the accumulation of plant-derived and non-mineral associated C and a subsequent decrease in the overall stability of soil C pool, which underscores the importance of considering the effects of N enrichment on SOC components for a better understanding of C dynamics in soils.

关键词： meta-analysis nitrogen enrichment soil organic carbon carbon accumulation carbon stability

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The plant cell wall: Biosynthesis, construction, and functions

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Journal of Integrative plant Biology 2021年第1期63卷 251-272页

作者： Baocai Zhang Yihong Gao Lanjun Zhang Yihua Zhou State Key Laboratory of plant Genomics Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyThe Innovative Academy of Seed DesignChinese Academy of SciencesBeiing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Bejig 100049China

The plant cell wall is composed of multiple biopolymers, representing one of the most complex structural networks in nature. Hundreds of genes are involved in building such a natural masterpiece. However, the plant cell wall is the least understood cellular structure in plants. Due to great progress in plant functional genomics,manyachievementshavebeenmadein uncovering cell wall biosynthesis, assembly, and architecture, as well as cell wall regulation and signaling. Such information has significantly advanced our understanding of the roles of the cell wall in many biological and physiological processes and has enhanced our utilization of cell wall materials. The use of cutting-edge technologies such as single-molecule imaging,nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy has provided much insight into the plant cell wall as an intricate nanoscale network, opening up unprecedented possibilities for cell wall research. In this review,we summarize the major advances made in understanding the cell wall in this era of functional genomics, including the latest findings on the biosynthesis, construction, and functions of the cell wall.

关键词： biosynthesis cell wall construction function

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Jellyfish Green Fluorescent Protein(GFP) as a Reporter for Fusarium gramminearum Development on Wheat

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2014年第10期13卷 2177-2183页

作者： QI Jun-xian LIU Tai-guo XU Ying CHEN Huai-gu GAO Li LIU Bo CHEN Wan-quan State Key Laboratory for Biology of plant Diseases and Insect Pests Institute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences institute of plant Protection Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences

The plasmid pGPDGFP under the control ofpgpdA promotor was used together with vector pAN7-1 containing the hygromycin resistance cassette to co-transform protoplasts of HG1, Fusarium graminearum from Hubei Province, China. Twelve out of 14 hygromycin-resistant transformants showed green signal under the UV light and contained one or several copies ofgfp, as indicated by Southern analysis of genomic DNA digested with different restriction enzymes and hybridized to the gfp probe. A single gfp copy transformant （HG1C5） was selected for further evaluation of 80 Chinese wheat cultivars or advanced lines. The results showed different resistance type to F. graminearum were observed. GFP signals observed in the rachis and adjacent spikes of 70 Chinese wheat lines such as Chuanchongzu 104 indicated both type I （host resistance to the initial infection by the fungus） and type II （resistance to the spread of FHB symptoms within an infected spike） were not observed. While other 10 lines showed type II resistance to F. graminearum with GFP signals only in inoculated spikelets. Development of the mycelium can be intuitively observed and the resistance of wheat to F. graminearum can be identified at 7 days post inoculation （dpi） in this way. The results showed no differences were evaluated between the transformed HG1C5 and the non-transgene artificial inoculation by SAS paired chi-square test and McNernar＇s test （P=-0.0625）.

关键词： Fusarium head blight (FHB) green fluorescent protein (GFP) resistance evaluation

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Farinose fiavonoids are associated with high freezing tolerance in fairy primrose (Primula malacoides) plants

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Journal of Integrative plant Biology 2014年第2期56卷 181-188页

作者： Ryutaro Isshiki Ivan Galis Shigemi Tanakamaru institute of plant Science and Resources Okayama University

The deposition of surface （farinose） flavonoids on aerial parts of some Primula species is a well-documented but poorly understood phenomenon. Here, we show that flavonoid deposition on the leaves and winter buds may contribute strongly to preventing freezing damage in these plants. The ice nucleation temperature of fairy primrose （Primula malacoides） leaves covered with natural flavone was approximately 6~C lower compared to those that had their flavone artificially removed. Additionally, farinose flavonoids on the leaves reduced subse- quent electrolyte leakage （EL） from the cells exposed to freezing temperatures. Interestingly, exogenous application of flavone at 4 mg/g fresh weight to P. malacoides leaves, which had the original flavone mechanically removed, restored freezing tolerance, and diminished EL from the cells to pretreatment values. Our results suggest that farinose flavonoids may function as mediators of freezing tolerance in P. malacoides, and exogenous application of flavone could be used to reduce freezing damage during sudden but predictable frost events in other plant species.

关键词： Flavonoids freezing tolerance ice nucleation temperature plant protection

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Nodule study in Albizia chinensis in relation to nitrogen metabolism,morphology and biomass

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Journal of Forestry Research 2020年第1期31卷 57-63页

作者： Vandana Kushawaha Satya Prasad Chaukiyal plant Physiology Discipline Forest Research Institute

Morphology,biomass,nitrate reductase(NR)and nitrogenase activity in Albizia chinensis(Osb.)*** were assessed on monthly and seasonal basis for 1 *** NR and nitrogenase activity was higher during the rainy season,reaching a maximum in ***,activity decreased through autumn and reached a minimum value during *** and dry biomass of nodules increased gradually from summer to the rainy season and then started decreasing with the onset of winter as nodules began to *** four developmental stages of the nodules that correspond to their increasing age,NR and nitrogenase activity remained low in stage 1 nodules and peaked in stage *** activity of both enzymes further decreased with increasing age(stage 2 to stage 4).Morphological features such as shape,diameter and color varied considerably among the developmental *** 1 nodules were cream-colored,oval to heartshaped with smallest average diameter whereas at stage 2,they became bilobed to *** the other hand,stage 3 nodules had the largest average diameter and were multilobed in *** 4 nodules that correspond to the senescing stage were dark brown to black,multilobed,flattened and hollow due to degeneration of nodular tissue.

关键词： Nitrogenase activity Nitrate reductase(NR)activity Nodule biomass Nodule morphology Nodule senescence

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Cytological and genetic analyses of a wheat-rye 2RL ditelosomic addition line with adult plant resistance to powdery mildew

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The Crop Journal 2022年第3期10卷 911-916页

作者： Diaoguo An Guohao Han Jing Wang Hanwen Yan Yilin Zhou Lijun Cao Yuli Jin Xiaotian Zhang Center for Agricultural Resources Research Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesShijiazhuang 050022HebeiChina The State Key Laboratory for Biology of plant Disease and Insect Pests Institute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100193China The innovative Academy of Seed Design Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

Rye(Secale cereale genome RR),a close relative of common wheat,possesses valuable resistance genes for wheat *** to the co-evolution of pathogen virulence and host resistance,some resistance genes derived from rye have lost *** and identification of new,effective resistance genes from rye is thus *** the current study,wheat-rye line WR56 was produced through distant hybridization,embryo rescue culture,chromosome doubling and ***56 was then proved to be a wheat-rye 2 RL ditelosomic addition line using GISH(genomic in situ hybridization),mc-FISH(multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization),ND-FISH(non-denaturing FISH),mc-GISH(multicolor GISH)and rye chromosome arm-specific marker ***56 exhibited a high level of adult plant resistance to powdery mildew caused by Blumeria graminis ***(Bgt).This resistance was carried by the added 2 RL telosomes and presumed to be different from Pm7 which is also located on chromosome arm 2 RL but confers resistance at the seedling and adult ***56 will be a promising bridging parent for transfer of the resistance to a more stable wheat breeding line.A newly developed2 RL-specific KASP(kompetitive allele specific PCR)marker should expedite that work.

关键词： Blumeria graminis f.sp.tritici Disease resistance Ditelosomic line Secale cereale Triticum aestivum

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Wheat speciation and adaptation:perspectives from reticulate evolution

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aBIOTECH 2021年第4期2卷 386-402页

作者： Xuebo Zhao Xiangdong Fu Changbin Yin Fei Lu State Key Laboratory of plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Innovative Academy of Seed DesignChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beiing China CAS-JIC Centre of Excellence for plant and Microbial Science(CEPAMS) Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina

Reticulate evolution through the interchanging of genetic components across organisms can impact significantly on the fitness and adaptation of *** wheat(Triticum aestivum ***)is one of the most important crops in the *** speci ation,frequent hybridization,extensive introgression,and occasional horizontal gene transfer(HGT)have been shaping a typical paradigm of reticulate evolution in bread wheat and its wild relatives,which is likely to have a sub-stantial influence on phenotypic traits and environmental adaptability of bread *** this review,we outlined the evolutionary history of bread wheat and its wild relatives with a highlight on the interspecific hybridization events,demonstrating the reticulate relationship between species/sub-species in the genera Triticum and ***,we discussed the genetic mechanisms and evolutionary significance underlying the introgression of bread wheat and its wild *** in-depth understanding of the evolutionary process of Triticum species should be beneficial to future genetic study and breeding of bread wheat.

关键词： Wheat Evolution Introgression Hybridization Speciation Adaptation

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A karyopherin constrains nuclear activity of the NLR protein SNC1 and is essential to prevent autoimmunity in Arabidopsis

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Molecular plant 2021年第10期14卷 1733-1744页

作者： Min Jia Xueqi Shen Yu Tang Xuetao Shi Yangnan Gu Department of plant and Microbial Biology University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA 94720USA innovative Genomics institute University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA 94720USA Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences Center for Plant BiologySchool of Life SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

The nucleotide-binding and leucine-rich repeat(NLR)proteins comprise a major class of intracellular immune receptors that are capable of detecting pathogen-derived molecules and activating immunity and cell death in *** activity of some NLRs,particularly the Toll-like/interleukin-1 receptor(TIR)type,is highly correlated with their nucleocytoplasmic ***,whether and how the nucleocytoplasmic homeostasis of NLRs is coordinated through a bidirectional nuclear shuttling mechanism remains ***,we identified a nuclear transport receptor,KA120,which is capable of affecting the nucleocytoplasmic distribution of an NLR protein and is essential in preventing its *** showed that the ka120 mutant displays an autoimmune phenotype and NLR-induced transcriptome *** a targeted genetic screen using an artificial NLR microRNA library,we identified the TIR-NLR gene SNC1 as a genetic interactor of ***-of-function snc1 mutations as well as compromising SNC1 protein activities all substantially suppressed ka120-induced autoimmune activation,and the enhanced SNC1 activity upon loss of KA120 functionappeared to occur at the protein *** of KA120 efficiently repressed SNC1 activity and led to a nearly complete suppression of the autoimmune phenotype caused by the gain-of-function snc1-1 mutation or SNC1 overexpression in transgenic *** florescence imaging analysis indicated that SNC1 undergoes altered nucleocytoplasmic distribution with significantly reduced nuclear signal when KA120 is constitutively expressed,supporting a role of KA120 in coordinating SNC1 nuclear abundance and ***,compromising the SNC1 nuclear level by disrupting the nuclear pore complex could also partially rescue ka120-induced ***,our study demonstrates that KA120 is essential to avoid autoimmune activation in the absence of pathogens and is required to constrain the nuclear activity of SN

关键词： karyopherin KA120 SNC1 nucleocytoplasmic transport immune activation

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Filtering for SNPs with high selective constraint augments mid-parent heterosis predictions in wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)

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The Crop Journal 2023年第1期11卷 166-176页

作者： Abhishek Gogna Jie Zhang Yong Jiang Albert W.Schulthess Yusheng Zhao Jochen C.Reif Leibniz institute of plant Genetics and Crop plant Research(IPK) 06466 Stadt SeelandGermany

To extend the contemporary understanding into the grain yield heterosis of wheat, the current study investigated the contribution of deleterious alleles in shaping mid-parent heterosis(MPH). These alleles occur at low frequency in the genome and are often missed by automated genotyping platforms like SNP arrays. The deleterious alleles herein were detected using a quantitative measurement of evolutionary conservation based on the phylogeny of wheat and investigations were made to:(1) assess the benefit of including deleterious alleles into MPH prediction models and(2) understand the genetic underpinnings of deleterious SNPs for grain yield MPH using contrasting crosses viz. elite × elite(Exp. 1) and elite × plant genetic resources(PGR;Exp. 2). In our study, we found a lower allele frequency of moderately deleterious alleles in elites compared to PGRs. This highlights the role of purifying selection for the development of elite wheat cultivars. It was shown that deleterious alleles are informative for MPH prediction models: modelling their additive-by-additive effects in Exp. 1 and dominance as well as associated digenic epistatic effects in Exp. 2 significantly boosts prediction accuracies of MPH. Furthermore,heterotic-quantitative trait loci's underlying MPH was investigated and their properties were contrasted in the two crosses. Conclusively, it was proposed that incomplete dominance of deleterious alleles contributes to grain yield heterosis in elite crosses(Exp. 1).

关键词： Hybrid wheat Genomic evolutionary rate profiling Deleterious SNP Heterotic Quantitative trait loci

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