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High-dimensional quantum information processing on programmable integrated photonic chips

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Science China(information Sciences) 2023年第8期66卷 5-22页

作者： Yulin CHI Yue YU Qihuang GONG Jianwei WANG State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics School of Physics Peking University Frontiers Science center for Nano-optoelectronics and Collaborative innovation center of Quantum Matter Peking University peking university Yangtze delta Institute of Optoelectronics Collaborative innovation center of Extreme Optics Shanxi University Hefei National Laboratory

This study reviews the recent progress of high-dimensional quantum information processing with photons. We first introduce the basic language of high-dimensional quantum information, including the representation of quantum dits(qudits), unitary operations of qudit states, and the general format of quantum algorithms with qudits. We discuss experimental implementations of high-dimensional quantum information processing and quantum computing in photonic systems, particularly in integrated quantum photonic platforms. We also discuss how qudit-based quantum photonic devices and systems can be adopted for further improving qubit-based quantum computation and quantum simulation.

关键词： high-dimensional quantum information processing quantum computation integrated quantum photonics

A novel negative quantum capacitance field-effect transistor with molybdenum disulfide integrated gate stack and steep subthreshold swing for ultra-low power applications

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Science China(information Sciences) 2023年第6期66卷 71-77页

作者： Liang CHEN Huimin WANG Qianqian HUANG ru HUANG School of Integrated Circuits Peking University Beijing Advanced innovation center for Integrated Circuits

Various steep-slope devices based on novel structures and mechanisms garnered considerable attention for their potential in ultra-low power logic applications. In this work, a novel steep-slope negative quantum capacitance field-effect transistor(NQCFET)with molybdenum disulfide(MoS2)-integrated gate stack was realized by theoretical analysis and experimental evaluation. By combining the MoS+2 equivalent capacitance model calibrated with experimental results, the NQCFET device model is further established.The results demonstrated that the optimized MoS2-integrated NQCFET can achieve a subthreshold swing(SS)of sub-60 mV/dec over a current range of 5 decades, with the minimum SS reaching 29 mV/dec,indicating the remarkable potential of MoS2-integrated NQCFETs for ultra-low power applications.

关键词： negative quantum capacitance molybdenum disulfide field-effect transistor subthreshold swing ultra-low power device

Machine learning-aided atomic structure identification of interfacial ionic hydrates from AFM images

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National Science review 2023年第7期10卷 114-123页

作者： Binze Tang Yizhi Song Mian Qin Ye Tian Zhen Wei Wu Ying Jiang duanyun Cao Limei Xu International center for Quantum Materials Peking University School of Physics Peking University Institute of Nonequilibrium Systems School of Systems Science Beijing Normal University Collaborative innovation center of Quantum Matter CAS center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Interdisciplinary Institute of Light-Element Quantum Materials and research center for Light-Element Advanced Materials Peking University Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering School of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing Institute of technology Chongqing innovation center

relevant to broad applied fields and natural processes,interfacial ionic hydrates have been widely studied by using ultrahigh-resolution atomic force microscopy(AFM).However,the complex relationship between the AFM signal and the investigated system makes it difficult to determine the atomic structure of such a complex system from AFM images alone.Using machine learning,we achieved precise identification of the atomic structures of interfacial water/ionic hydrates based on AFM images,including the position of each atom and the orientations of water mole cules.Furthermore,it was found that structure prediction of ionic hydrates can be achieved cost-effectively by transfer learning using neural network trained with easily available interfacial water data.Thus,this work provides an efficient and economical methodology that not only opens up avenues to determine atomic structures of more complex systems from AFM images,but may also help to interpret other scientific studies involving sophisticated experimental results.

关键词： machine learning transfer learning atomic force microscopy atomic scale structure identification interfacial ion hydrates

A Line Complex-Based Evolutionary Algorithm for Many-Objective Optimization

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2023年第5期10卷 1150-1167页

作者： Liang Zhang Qi Kang Qi deng Luyuan Xu Qidi Wu the department of Control Science and Engineering Tongji UniversityShanghai 201804 the Jiangsu Province Support Software Engineering r&d center for Modern information technology Application in Enterprise Suzhou 215104China the Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Science and technology Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China

In solving many-objective optimization problems(MaO Ps),existing nondominated sorting-based multi-objective evolutionary algorithms suffer from the fast loss of selection pressure.Most candidate solutions become nondominated during the evolutionary process,thus leading to the failure of producing offspring toward Pareto-optimal front with diversity.Can we find a more effective way to select nondominated solutions and resolve this issue?To answer this critical question,this work proposes to evolve solutions through line complex rather than solution points in Euclidean space.First,Plücker coordinates are used to project solution points to line complex composed of position vectors and momentum ones.Besides position vectors of the solution points,momentum vectors are used to extend the comparability of nondominated solutions and enhance selection pressure.Then,a new distance function designed for high-dimensional space is proposed to replace Euclidean distance as a more effective distancebased estimator.Based on them,a novel many-objective evolutionary algorithm(MaOEA)is proposed by integrating a line complex-based environmental selection strategy into the NSGAⅢframework.The proposed algorithm is compared with the state of the art on widely used benchmark problems with up to 15 objectives.Experimental results demonstrate its superior competitiveness in solving MaOPs.

关键词： Environmental selection line complex many-objective optimization problems(MaOPs) Plücker coordinate

Open-source dataset of vehicle state for an electric vehicle on a low-adhesion road

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Science China(information Sciences) 2022年第3期65卷 258-259页

作者： Shuo CAI Haitao dING Yunfeng HU Lin ZHANG Qin LI Hong CHEN State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control Jilin University department of Control Science and Engineering Jilin University School of Automotive Studies Tongji University Collaborative innovation center of Electric Vehicles in Beijing Beijing Institute of Technology GAC r&d center

This study demonstrates and opens for academic research six sets of electric vehicle data collected during experiments on a low-adhesion road. The 11-dimensional data were collected from a small, single-motor SUV with front-wheel drive.Experimental data collected for vehicles on low-adhesion roads are crucial for research on system dynamics modeling,stability control system design, and vehicle state estimation. Indeed, all vehicle control systems must be validated on low-adhesion roads, including vehicle models,

关键词： vehicle experimental data dynamics modeling state estimation control system design low adhesion road

Extra-narrowband metallic filters with an ultrathin single-layer metallic grating

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Chinese Physics B 2020年第6期29卷 242-248页

作者：王然龚旗煌陈建军 State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics School of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Microelectronics Instruments and Equipments r&d center Institude of Microelectronics of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Nano-optoelectronics Frontier center of Ministry of Education(NFC-MOE)&Collaborative innovation center of Quantum Matter Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Collaborative innovation center of Extreme Optics Shanxi UniversityTaiyuan 030006China

Narrowband and high-transmission optical filters are extensively used in color display technology, optical information processing, and high-sensitive sensing. Because of large ohmic losses in metallic nanostructures, metallic filters usually exhibit low transmittances and broad bandwidths. By employing both strong field enhancements in metallic nano-slits and the Wood’s anomaly in a periodic metallic grating, an extra-narrowband and high-transmission metallic filter is numerically predicted in an ultrathin single-layer metallic grating. Simulation results show that the Wood’s anomaly in the ultrathin(thickness H = 60 nm) single-layer metallic grating results in large field enhancements in the substrate and low losses in the metallic grating. As a result, the transmission bandwidth(transmittance T > 60%) at λ = 1200 nm is as small as △λFWHM=1.6 nm, which is smaller than 4% of that in the previous thin dielectric and metallic filters. The corresponding quality factor is as high as Q = λ/△λFWHM= 750, which is 40 times greater than that in the previous reports. Moreover, the thickness of our metallic filter(H = 60 nm) is smaller than 40% of that in the previous reports, and its maximum transmittance can reach up to 80%. In experiments, a narrowband metallic filter with a bandwidth of about △λFWHM = 10 nm, which is smaller than 25% of that in the previous metallic filters, is demonstrated.

关键词： metallic filter extra-narrowband field enhancement Wood’s anomaly

Investigation and mitigation of Mott neuronal oscillation fluctuation in spiking neural network

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Science China(information Sciences) 2024年第2期67卷 291-301页

作者： Lindong WU Zongwei WANG Lin BAO Linbo SHAN Zhizhen YU Yunfan YANG Shuangjie ZHANG Guandong BAI Cuimei WANG John rOBErTSON Yuan WANG Yimao CAI ru HUANG School of Integrated Circuits Peking University Beijing Advanced innovation center for Integrated Circuits State Key Laboratory of information Photonics and Optical Communications Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications department of Engineering University of Cambridge

Mott devices, featuring low hardware cost and high energy efficiency, have been demonstrated as a key oscillatory element in artificial neurons to enable spiking neural networks(SNNs) such as conversionbased SNNs(CSNNs). However, there will be inevitably non-ideal fluctuation in the oscillation behavior,causing the accuracy degradation of networks. In this paper, we investigate the Mott neuronal oscillation fluctuation(NOF) through experiments and modeling. The results show that the NOF phenomenon conforms to Gaussian distribution and originates from thermal fluctuation induced switching voltage variations. We construct a two-layer CSNN for image recognition tasks to study the NOF effect and propose the activation function boundary(AFB) method to strengthen the stability of the network. The results indicate that AFB can improve the accuracy of CSNN by up to 15.5% by tightening output distribution.

关键词： Mott neuron oscillation fluctuation variation-aware Mott neuronal model conversion-based spiking neural network activation function boundary

基于自由电子-光子相互作用的干涉效应产生光学猫态

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Science Bulletin 2023年第13期68卷 1366-1371,M0003页

作者：孙风潇方一奇何琼毅刘运全 State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics School of PhysicsFrontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics&Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum MatterPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Collaborative innovation center of Extreme Optics Shanxi UniversityTaiyuan 030006China peking university Yangtze delta Institute of Optoelectronics Nantong 226010China Hefei National Laboratory Hefei 230088China Beijing Academy of Quantum information Sciences Beijing 100193China

由自由电子-光子相互作用引起的新型量子效应因其在超快量子信息处理中的潜在应用而引起了越来越多的关注.薛定谔猫态是量子信息处理中极其重要的量子资源,本文基于光子诱导近场电子显微镜提出了制备与调控含有大量光子的光学猫态的理... 详细信息

由自由电子-光子相互作用引起的新型量子效应因其在超快量子信息处理中的潜在应用而引起了越来越多的关注.薛定谔猫态是量子信息处理中极其重要的量子资源,本文基于光子诱导近场电子显微镜提出了制备与调控含有大量光子的光学猫态的理论新方案.基于自由电子与光子间多通道相互作用的量子干涉效应,可观测到输出光场量子态的Wigncr负性随相互作用强度的振簕现象,且在Wigner负性的振荡峰值处可以实现保真度高于0.99的光学猫态.通过改变自由电子-光子间相互作用强度,以及对电子进行不同的投影测量,可以对猫态尺度等性质进行调控.本研究刻画了输出光场的精密测量能力,揭示了猫态在量子精密测量任务中的优势,加深了人们对于自由电子-光子相互作用的量子效应的认识与理解,为非经典量子态的超快制备与调控提供了全新的思路.

关键词： Free-electron–photons interactions Cat states Quantum interference Ultrafast

Genome-wide CrISPr activation screen identifies candidate receptors for SArS-CoV-2 entry

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2022年第4期65卷 701-717页

作者： Shiyou Zhu Ying Liu Zhuo Zhou Zhiying Zhang Xia Xiao Zhiheng Liu Ang Chen Xiaojing dong Feng Tian Shihua Chen Yiyuan Xu Chunhui Wang Qiheng Li Xuran Niu Qian Pan Shuo du Junyu Xiao Jianwei Wang Wensheng Wei Biomedical Pioneering innovation center Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for GenomicsPeking-Tsinghua Center for Life SciencesPeking University Genome Editing Research CenterState Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene ResearchSchool of Life SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing100871China State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene research School of Life SciencesPeking UniversityPeking-Tsinghua Center for Life SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing Advanced Innovation Center for GenomicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Merieux Laboratory Institute of Pathogen BiologyChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeKey Laboratory of Respiratory Disease PathogenomicsChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100730China Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China

The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019(COVId-19) caused by SArS-CoV-2 has created a global health crisis. SArS-CoV-2 infects varieties of tissues where the known receptor ACE2 is low or almost absent, suggesting the existence of alternative viral entry pathways. Here, we performed a genome-wide barcoded-CrISPra screen to identify novel host factors that enable SArS-CoV-2 infection. Beyond known host proteins, i.e., ACE2, TMPrSS2, and NrP1, we identified multiple host components,among which LdLrAd3, TMEM30A, and CLEC4G were confirmed as functional receptors for SArS-CoV-2. All these membrane proteins bind directly to spike’s N-terminal domain(NTd). Their essential and physiological roles have been confirmed in either neuron or liver cells. In particular, LdLrAd3 and CLEC4G mediate SArS-CoV-2 entry and infection in an ACE2-independent fashion. The identification of the novel receptors and entry mechanisms could advance our understanding of the multiorgan tropism of SArS-CoV-2, and may shed light on the development of COVId-19 countermeasures.

关键词： CrISPra screen SArS-CoV-2 novel receptors