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Combination treatment of inflammatory bowel disease:Present status and future perspectives

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第15期30卷 2068-2080页

作者： John K Triantafillidis Constantinos G Zografos Manousos M Konstadoulakis Apostolos E Papalois inflammatory bowel disease Unit "Metropolitan General"HospitalHolargos 15562AtticaGreece Hellenic Society for Gastrointestinal Oncology 354 Iera OdosChaidari 12461AtticaGreece The 2^(nd)department of surgery University of AthensSchool of MedicineAretaieion HospitalAthens 11528Greece Unit of Surgical Research and Training The 2^(nd)Department of SurgeryUniversity of AthensSchool of MedicineAretaieion HospitalAthens 11528Greece

The treatment of patients with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),especially those with severe or refractory disease,represents an important challenge for the clinical *** seems to be no exaggeration to say that in these patients,not only the scientific background of the gastroenterologist is tested,but also the abundance of“gifts”that he should possess(insight,intuition,determ-ination,ability to take initiative,etc.)for the successful outcome of the *** daily clinical practice,depending on the severity of the attack,IBD is treated with one or a combination of two or more pharmaceutical *** combin-ations include not only the first-line drugs(e.g.,mesalazine,corticosteroids,antibiotics,etc)but also second-and third-line drugs(immunosuppressants and biologic agents).It is a fact that despite the significant therapeutic advances there is still a significant percentage of patients who do not satisfactorily respond to the treatment ***,a part of these patients are going to *** recent years,several small-size clinical studies,reviews,and case reports have been published combining not only biological agents with other drugs(e.g.,immunosuppressants or corticosteroids)but also the combination of two biologi-cal agents simultaneously,especially in severe *** our opinion,it is at least a strange(and largely unexplained)fact that we often use combinations of drugs in a given patient although studies comparing the simultaneous administration of two or more drugs with monotherapy are very *** mentioned above,there is a timid tendency in the literature to combine two biological agents in severe cases unresponsive to the applied treatment or patients with severe extraintestinal *** appropriate dosage,the duration of the administration,the suitable timing for checking the clinical and laboratory outcome,as well as the treatment side-effects,should be the subject of intense clinical research *** this

关键词： Biologics for immune-mediated conditions Dual-targeted treatment Combination treatment inflammatory bowel disease Crohn’s

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Immunotherapy of gastric cancer:Present status and future perspectives

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第8期30卷 779-793页

作者： John K Triantafillidis Manousos M Konstadoulakis Apostolos E Papalois inflammatory bowel disease Unit “Metropolitan General”HospitalHolargos 15562AtticaGreece.Hellenic Society for Gastrointestinal Oncology354 Iera OdosChaidari 12461AtticaGreece Second department of surgery University of Athens School of MedicineAretaieion HospitalAthens 11528AtticaGreece Unit of Surgical Research and Training Second Department of SurgeryUniversity of AthensSchool of MedicineAretaieion HospitalAthens 11528AtticaGreece

In this editorial,we comment on the article entitled“Advances and key focus areas in gastric cancer immunotherapy:A comprehensive scientometric and clinical trial review(1999-2023),”which was published in the recent issue of the World Journal of *** focused on the results of the authors’bibliometric analysis concerning gastric cancer immunotherapy,which they analyzed in depth by compiling the relevant publications of the last 20 *** that,we briefly describe the most recent data concerning the epidemiological parameters of gastric cancer(GC)in different countries,attempting to give an interpretation based on the etiological factors involved in the etiopathogenesis of the *** then briefly discuss the conservative treatment(chemotherapy)of the various forms of this malignant *** describe the treatment of resectable tumors,locally advanced neoplasms,and unresectable(advanced)*** attention is given to modern therapeutic approaches with emphasis on immunotherapy,which seems to be the future of GC treatment,especially in combination with *** is also a thorough analysis of the results of the study under review in terms of the number of scientific publications,the countries in which the studies were conducted,the authors,and the scientific centers of origin,as well as the clinical studies in ***,an attempt is made to draw some conclusions and to point out possible future directions.

关键词： Gastric cancer Chemotherapy Immunotherapy Immune checkpoint inhibitors Bibliometrics Scientometrics

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A prospective cohort of men with localized prostate cancer on active surveillance protocol in Hong Kong,China:what did we learn?

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2024年第3期26卷 245-249页

作者： Xiaobo Wu Ivan Ching-Ho Ko Cindy Yeuk-Lam Hong Samuel Chi-Hang Yee Jeremy Yuen-Chun Teoh Samson Yun-Sang Chan Ho-Man Tam Chi-Kwok Chan Chi-Fai Ng Peter Ka-Fung Chiu SH Ho Urology centre Department of SurgeryFaculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina

This study aimed to report the outcomes of active surveillance(AS)in the management of low-risk prostate cancer(PCa).It recruited87 men who were prospectively followed up according to the Prostate Cancer Research International Active Surveillance(PRIAS)protocol with local adaptation at SH Ho Urology centre,Prince of Wales Hospital,Hong Kong,*** investigated the predictorsof disease progression and found that baseline prostate-specific antigen density(PSAD)and the presence of the highest ProstateImaging-Reporting and Data System(PI-RADS)score 5 lesion on magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)are significantly correlatedwith disease ***,men with PSAD>0.2 ng ml^(−2)or PI-RADS 4 or 5 lesions had significantly worse upgradingfree survival compared to those with PSAD≤0.2 ng ml−2 and PI-RADS 2 or 3 *** study concludes that AS is a safe andeffective management strategy for selected patients to defer radical treatment and that most disease progression can be detectedafter the first repeated *** combination of PSAD>0.2 ng ml^(−2)and PI-RADS 4 or 5 lesions may serve as a useful predictorof early disease progression and provide a guide to optimize follow-up protocols for men in different risk groups.

关键词： active surveillance cohort localized prostate cancer

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A novel non-invasive model to predict high-risk varices in cirrhotic patients

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Hepatobiliary surgery and Nutrition 2024年第3期13卷 530-532页

作者： Kelvin K.C.Ng department of surgery The Chinese University of Hong Kong Medical CentreHong KongChina

Acute variceal bleeding is one of the most common and potentially life-threatening complications in patients with liver *** is conventionally diagnosed by oesophagogastroduodenoscopy,which is invasive to patients and carries hospital *** would be more cost-effective if non-invasive tests could screen out high-risk patients who developed acute variceal bleeding requiring endoscopic *** can potentially reduce the need for invasive procedures for cirrhotic *** recent years,there have been advancements in non-invasive methods for assessing the risk of variceal *** include transient elastography(FibroScan)of the liver and spleen,platelet count,imaging modalities[ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)],and non-invasive liver function tests[Child-Pugh score or the Model for End-Stage Liver disease(MELD)score].The 2015 Baveno VI consensus is developed by an international panel of experts to improve the diagnosis and management of portal hypertension and its complications,specifically focusing on variceal bleeding in patients with cirrhosis(1).The consensus emphasizes using noninvasive methods to screen out high-risk varices(HRV)requiring therapeutic *** key features of the Baveno VI criteria include a liver stiffness measurement(LSM)150,000/*** can confidently rule out *** has been proven to avoid unnecessary endoscopy up to 40%with a specificity of up to 46%(2).In recent years,spleen stiffness measurement(SSM)has been a useful tool to assess portal hypertension and to predict ***,the revised Baveno VII consensus in 2022 recommends SSM≤40 kPa would avoid more unnecessary endoscopy in patients who fall outside Baveno VI criteria,with a missed HRV rate of<5%(3).

关键词： Non-invasive model high-risk varices cirrhosis

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SCFD1 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis:reconciling a genetic association with in vivo functional analysis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第6期19卷 1201-1202页

作者： Ruben J.Cauchi centre for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking Biomedical Sciences BuildingDepartment of Physiology and BiochemistryFaculty of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of MaltaMsidaMalta

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS)is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive loss of upper and lower motor neurons,resulting in muscle weakness and spasticity,eventually leading to death due to respiratory *** by our group of a casecontrol cohort from an isolated island population have found that genetics plays a significant role in disease etiology(Farrugia Wismayer et al.,2023).

关键词： sclerosis respiratory

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Prognostic value of ultrasound in early arterial complications post liver transplant

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal surgery 2024年第1期16卷 13-20页

作者： Ning-Bo Zhao Yi Chen Rui Xia Jian-Bo Tang Dong Zhao department of Ultrasound National Clinical Research Centre for Infectious DiseaseShenzhen Third People's HospitalThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and TechnologyNational Clinical Research Center for Infectious DiseaseShenzhen 518112Guangdong ProvinceChina department of Thyroid and Hernia surgery The Second Affiliated HospitalGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510000Guangdong ProvinceChina department of Biomedical Engineering Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 51800Guangdong ProvinceChina department of Liver surgery and Organ Transplantation Center Shenzhen Third People's HospitalThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and TechnologyNational Clinical Research Center for Infectious DiseaseShenzhen 518112Guangdong ProvinceChina

Liver transplantation is the primary therapeutic intervention for end-stage liver ***,vascular complications,particularly those involving the hepatic artery,pose significant risks to *** clinical manifestations associated with early arterial complications following liver transplantation are often *** timely intervention,these complications can result in graft fai-lure or patient ***,early diagnosis and the formulation of an op-timal treatment plan are *** examination remains the pre-dominant imaging modality for detecting complications post liver *** article comprehensively reviews common causes and clinical present-ations of early hepatic artery complications in the post-transplantation period and delineates abnormal sonographic findings for accurate diagnosis of these ***,ultrasound offers the advantages of convenience,safety,effect-iveness,and *** enables real-time,dynamic,and precise evalua-tion,making it the preferred diagnostic method for post-liver transplantation *** Liver transplantation stands as the primary therapeutic approach for end-stage liver *** advancements in surgical techniques and the application of novel immunosuppressive agents contribute to ongoing improvements in the success rate and overall survival in patients undergoing liver transplantation *** these advan-cements,vascular complications,particularly those involving the hepatic artery,pose significant risks to *** the early stages following liver transplantation(within the first 30 d),proper hepatic artery function is crucial for hepatic arterial blood *** later stages,collateral circulation,including arteries such as the phrenic artery,right gastric artery,and gastroduodenal artery,becomes important for maintaining hepatic blood *** is now understood that the establishment of effective collat

关键词： Liver transplantation Vascular complication Arterial complication Ultrasound

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Transplantation of a pectoralis major flap for the repair of myiasis wounds

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2024年第3期15卷 238-240页

作者： Yongkang Cai Yilin He Xiaoxing Tan Tangchun Liu Qingdeng Feng Dongjing Zhang Zhengfei Yang department of Oral and Maxillofacial surgery Sun Yat-sen Memorial HospitalGuangzhou 510120China department of Emergency Medicine Sun Yat-sen Memorial HospitalGuangzhou 510120China Chinese Atomic Energy Agency centre of Excellence on Nuclear Technology Applications for Insect Control Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of the Ministry of EducationSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510080China International Atomic Energy Agency Collaborating centre Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510080China

Myiasis is a disease caused by the invasion and colonization of human tissues and organs by the larvae of *** is manifested by the formation of necrotic tissue in the lesion,the colonization of fly eggs and the spread of fly *** disease is mostly found in areas with poor sanitary *** wound care,necrotic tissue formation,reduced immunity,and frequent contact with flies are risk factors for this *** can be divided into obligate and facultative parasitism,^([1])while some scholars have classified myiasis according to its location.^([2])In addition,some cases of myiasis are secondary to wound infection or poor surgical maintenance.^([3,4]).

关键词： wound immunity myiasis

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Prevention of recurrence after surgery for Crohn's disease: Efficacy of infliximab

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第43期16卷 5405-5410页

作者： Takayuki Yamamoto inflammatory bowel disease Center and department of surgery Yokkaichi Social Insurance Hospital

After surgery for Crohn's disease (CD), early endoscopic lesions are frequently observed despite no symptomatic recurrence. The severity of lesions found at postoperative endoscopy is reported to be a strong predictive factor for future clinical recurrence. If endoscopic lesions in the early postoperative period can be reduced with medications, symptomatic recurrence will likely be delayed and decreased. Before the introduction of biologic therapies, various medications were used for the maintenance of clinical remission after surgery; however, few demonstrated consistent efficacy. Infliximab is a recombinant anti-tumor necrosis factor-α antibody. Although infliximab is one of the most effective medications in the management of CD, its efficacy for early endoscopic lesions after surgery has not yet been assessed. The author and colleagues recently conducted a prospective study in order to investigate the impact of infliximab on early endoscopic lesions after resection for CD. We found that infliximab therapy showed clear suppressive effects on clinical and endoscopic disease activity in patients with early endoscopic lesions after resection.

关键词： Crohn’s disease Postoperative recurrence Endoscopic lesion Infliximab

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SARS-CoV-2 RBD and Its Variants Can Induce Platelet Activation and Clearance:Implications for Antibody Therapy and Vaccinations against COVID-19

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Research 2024年第3期2023卷 1-15页

作者： Xiaoying Ma Jady Liang Guangheng Zhu Preeti Bhoria Aron A.Shoara Daniel T.MacKeigan Christopher J.Khoury Sladjana Slavkovicl Lisha Lin Danielle Karakas Ziyan Chen Viktor Prifti Zhenze Liu Chuanbin Shen Yuchong Li Cheng Zhang Jiayu Dou Zack Rousseau Jiamin Zhang Tiffany Ni Xi Lei Pingguo Chen Xiaoyu Wu Hamed Shaykhalishahi Samira Mubareka Kim AConnelly Haibo Zhang Ori Rotstein Heyu Ni department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology University of TorontoTorontoONCanada department of Laboratory Medicine Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St.Michael’s HospitalTorontoONCanada Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group TorontoONCanada department of Physiology University of TorontoTorontoONCanada CCOA Therapeutics Inc. TorontoONCanada Canadian Blood Services centre for Innovation TorontoONCanada The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory disease Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory DiseaseThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina department of Laboratory Medicine The Second Affliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina Advanced Pharmaceutics&Drug Delivery Laboratory Leslie Dan Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious disease Sunnybrook Health Science CentreToronto ONCanada department of Medicine University of TorontoTorontoONCanada Division of Cardiology.St.Michael's Hospital TorontoONCanada department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine and Division of Critical Care Medicine University of TorontoTorontoONCanada interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine University of TorontoTorontoONCanada department of surgery University of Toronto TorontoONCanada.

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus is an ongoing global health *** cases of COVID-19 and the rare cases of COVID-19 vaccine-induced-thrombotic-thrombocytopenia(VITT)are both associated with thrombosis and thrombocytopenia;however,the underlying mechanisms remain inadequately *** infection and vaccination utilize the spike protein receptor-binding domain(RBD)of *** found that intravenous injection of recombinant RBD caused significant platelet clearance in *** investigation revealed the RBD could bind platelets,cause platelet activation,and potentiate platelet aggregation,which was exacerbated in the Delta and Kappa *** RBD–platelet interaction was partially dependent on theβ3 integrin as binding was significantly reduced inβ3−/−***,RBD binding to human and mouse platelets was significantly reduced with relatedαIIbβ3 antagonists and mutation of the RGD(arginine-glycine-aspartate)integrin binding motif to RGE(arginine-glycine-glutamate).We developed anti-RBD polyclonal and several monoclonal antibodies(mAbs)and identified 4F2 and 4H12 for their potent dual inhibition of RBD-induced platelet activation,aggregation,and clearance in vivo,and SARS-CoV-2 infection and replication in Vero E6 *** data show that the RBD can bind platelets partially thoughαIIbβ3 and induce platelet activation and clearance,which may contribute to thrombosis and thrombocytopenia observed in COVID-19 and *** newly developed mAbs 4F2 and 4H12 have potential not only for diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 virus antigen but also importantly for therapy against COVID-19.

关键词： Antibody diagnosis vaccine

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Emerging treatments for complex perianal fistula in Crohn's disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第34期15卷 4263-4272页

作者： Carlos Taxonera David A Schwartz Damián García-Olmo inflammatory bowel disease Unit Department of GastroenterologyHospital Clínico inflammatory bowel disease Center Vanderbilt University Medical Center department of General surgery "La Paz"University Hospital

Complex perianal fistulas have a negative impact on the quality of life of sufferers and should be *** diagnosis,characterization and classification of the fistulas are essential to optimize ***, in the case of patients whose fistulas are associated with Crohn's disease,complete closure is particularly difficult to *** medical treatments(antibiotics, thiopurines and other immunomodulatory agents,and, more recently,anti-tumor necrosis factor-αagents such as infliximab)have been tried with varying degrees of *** medical(including infliximab)and less aggressive surgical therapy(drainage and seton placement)offer the best outcomes in complex Crohn's fistulas while more aggressive surgical procedures such as fistulotomy or fistulectomy may increase the risk of *** review will focus on emerging novel treatments for perianal disease in Crohn's patients. These include locally applied infliximab or tacrolimus, fistula plugs,instillation of fibrin glue and the use of adult expanded adipose-derived stem cell *** welldesigned controlled studies are required to confirm the effectiveness of these emerging treatments.

关键词： Crohn's disease Perianal fistula Drug therapy Topical administration Infliximab Adalimumab Adipose tissue Stem cells

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