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Gut microbiome composition in patients with liver cirrhosis with and without hepatic encephalopathy: A systematic review and metaanalysis

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World journal of Hepatology 2025年第1期17卷 96-111页

作者： Xiao-Tong Xu Min-jie jiang Yun-Lai Fu Fang Xie jian-jun Li Qing-Hua Meng Beijing institute of Hepatology Beijing YouAn HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100069China interventional Therapy Center for Oncology Beijing YouAn HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100069China Department of infectious diseases Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical UniversityJinan 250000Shandong ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND The gut microbiome is associated with hepatic encephalopathy(HE),but research results on the gut microbiome characteristics of patients with liver cirrhosis with and without HE are *** To study the gut microbiota characteristics of patients with liver cirrhosis with and without *** We searched the PubMed,Web of Science,EMBASE,and Cochrane databases using two keywords,HE,and gut *** to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,suitable literature was screened to extract data on the diversity and composition of the fecal microbiota in patients with liver cirrhosis with and without *** data were analyzed using RevMan and *** Seventeen studies were included:(1)A meta-analysis of 7 studies revealed that the Shannon index in liver cirrhosis patients with HE was significantly lower than that in patients without HE[-0.20,95%confidence interval(Ci):-0.28 to-0.13,i2=20%];(2)The relative abundances of Lachnospiraceae(-2.73,95%Ci:-4.58 to-0.87,i2=38%)and Ruminococcaceae(-2.93,95%Ci:-4.29 to-1.56,i2=0%)in liver cirrhosis patients with HE was significantly lower than those in patients without HE;(3)in patients with HE,Enterococcus,Proteobacteria,Enterococcaceae,and Enterobacteriaceae proportions increased,but Ruminococcaceae,Lachnospiraceae,Prevotellaceae,and Bacteroidetes proportions decreased;(4)Differences in the fecal metabolome between liver cirrhosis patients with and without HE were detected;and(5)Differential gut microbiomes may serve as diagnostic and prognostic *** The gut microbiomes of patients with liver cirrhosis with and without HE *** gut microbiomes may distinguish liver cirrhosis patients with or without HE and determine patient prognosis.

关键词： Gut microbiome Cirrhosis Hepatic encephalopathy Review Meta-analysis

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Timing of post-vaccination tests in infants born to mothers with chronic hepatitis B virus infection

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World journal of Hepatology 2025年第1期17卷 176-177页

作者： Halil Haldun Emiroglu Melike Emiroglu Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology Department of PediatricsSelcuk University Faculty of MedicineKonya 42130Türkiye Division of Pediatric infectious diseases Department of PediatricsSelcuk University Faculty of MedicineKonya 42130Türkiye

immunoprophylaxis is routinely recommended for infants born to mothers with hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection within the first 12-24 *** of he-patitis B surface antibody(HBsAb)resulting from hepatitis B immunoglobulin administered at birth may be perceived as a real vaccine *** makes it difficult to detect HBV *** this reason,it is recommended that infants born to hepatitis B surface antigen positive mothers and who received immunop-rophylaxis at birth should have HBsAb testing when they are 9-15 months old.

关键词： Hepatitis B virus infant Hepatitis B vaccine Hepatitis B hyperimmune globulin Vaccination

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Clinicopathological differences between patients with schistosomal appendicitis and non schistosomal appendicitis:A retrospectively study of past ten years

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World journal of Clinical Cases 2025年第2期13卷 24-32页

作者： Xiao-Yi Wang Yao Hao Zi-jian Wang Xiu-Liang Xu jiang-Hua Yang Department of infectious diseases The First Affiliated of Wannan Medical CollegeWuhu 241001Anhui ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Chronic schistosomiasis causes multiple organ and multiple system diseases,especially the digestive *** eggs are mainly deposited in the stomach,liver and colorectal,but a few eggs are deposited in the appendix and cause *** present,there are few studies on schistosomal *** To explore the differences in epidemiological,clinical and pathological characteristics between schistosomal appendicitis and non-schistosomal appendicitis over the past decade in order to assess the impact of schistosomiasis on *** The differences of general data,clinical data and laboratory examination data of patients with appendicitis from October 2013 to October 2023 were retrospectively *** patients were divided into two groups for *** were 136 patients in schistosomal appendicitis group and 5418 patients in non-schistosomal appendicitis *** Schistosomal appendicitis accounted for 2.45%of all patients with appendicitis,and the annual proportion in the past decade was 2.2%,2.9%,1.8%,1.9%,3.4%,3.1%,1.9%,1.6%,3%,2.6%,*** prevalence of schistosomal appendicitis was middle-aged and elderly males,with an average age of 61.73±15.335 *** main population of non-schistosomal appendicitis was middle-aged men,with an average age of 35.8±24.013 years(Pistribution of pathological types of appendicitis was different between the two groups(Pincidence of acute suppurative appendicitis in non-schistosomal appendicitis was higher than that in schistosomal appendicitis[odds ratio(OR)=0.504;95%confidence interval(Ci):0.349-0.728;Pion of acute attack of chronic appendicitis in schistosomal appendicitis was higher than that in non-schistosomal appendicitis(OR=2.614;95%Ci:1.815-3.763;Pion of schistosomal appendicitis patients complicated with colorectal cancer was higher than that of nonschistosomal appendicitis patients(OR=5.087;95%Ci:1.427-

关键词： Schistosomal appendicitis Schistosomiasis Appendix Colorectal cancer Clinicopathological characteristics

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An insect cell-derived extracellular vesicle-based gB vaccine elicits robust adaptive immune responses against Epstein-Barr virus

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Science China Life Sciences 2025年第3期 734-745页

作者： Qian Wu Kaiyun Chen Wenhui Xue Guosong Wang Yanbo Yang Shaowei Li Ningshao Xia Yixin Chen State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for infectious diseases National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases Collaborative Innovation Center of Biologic Products National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research School of Life Sciences School of Public Health Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory Xiamen University

Epstein-Barr virus(EBV), the first identified human tumor virus, is implicated in various human malignancies, infectious mononucleosis,and more recently, multiple sclerosis. Prophylactic vaccines have the potential to effectively prevent EBV infection. Glycoprotein B(gB)serves as the fusogen and plays a pivotal role in the virus entry process, making it a critical target for EBV vaccine development. Surface membrane proteins of enveloped viruses serve as native conformational antigens, making them susceptible to immune recognition. Utilizing lipid membrane-bound viral antigens is a promising strategy for effective vaccine presentation in this context. in this study, we employed a truncated design for gB proteins, observing that these truncated gB proteins prompted a substantial release of extracellular vesicles(EVs) in insect cells. We verified that EVs exhibited abundant gB proteins, displaying the typical virus particle morphology and extracellular vesicle characteristics. gB EVs demonstrated a more efficient humoral and cellular immune response compared with the gB ectodomain trimer vaccine in mice. Moreover, the antisera induced by the gB EVs vaccine exhibited robust antibody-dependent cytotoxicity. Consequently, gB EVs-based vaccines hold significant potential for preventing EBV infection and offer valuable insights for vaccine design.

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Prehospital critical care drug-therapy and 30-day mortality in patients with acute respiratory disease

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World journal of Emergency Medicine 2025年第1期16卷 43-50页

作者： jesús jurado-Palomo joséLuis Martín-Conty Begoña Polonio-López Cristina Rivera Picón Raúl López-izquierdo Carlos del Pozo Vegas Pedro Ángel de Santos Castro Ancor Sanz-García francisco Martín-Rodríguez Technological innovation Applied to Health Research Group(iTAS) Faculty of Health SciencesCastilla-La Mancha UniversityTalavera de la Reina 45600Spain Nuestra Señora del Prado General Hospital Talavera de la Reina 45600Spain Emergency Department Rio Hortega University HospitalValladolid 47012Spain CiBER of Respiratory diseases(CiBERES) Institute of Health Carlos ⅢMadrid 28029Spain Faculty of Medicine University of ValladolidValladolid 470003Spain Emergency Department University Clinical HospitalValladolid 47003Spain Prehospital Emergency Medical Services(SACYL) Valladolid 47007Spain

BACKGROUND: Prehospital medication is a reality, and the role of these therapies must be explored to assess their validity, especially for acute respiratory diseases, which are usually associated with increased morbidity. The aim of this study was to examine the association of prehospital medication use with mortality in patients with acute respiratory ***: A prospective, multicenter, emergency medical service(EMS) delivery cohort study was carried out in adults with unselected respiratory diseases managed by EMS who were transferred to the emergency department. From january 1, 2019, to October 31, 2023, six advanced life support units, thirty-eight basic life support units, and four hospitals in Spain participated in the study. Demographic data, vital signs, use of mechanical ventilation, prehospital respiratory diagnosis, and prehospital medication were collected. The primary outcome was 30-day in-hospital ***: A total of 961 patients were included, with a mortality rate of 17.5%(168 patients). Age, an increasing number of comorbidities, the use of invasive mechanical ventilation(iMV), the use of major analgesics, hypnotics, and bicarbonate were risk factors. in contrast, elevated systolic blood pressure and Glasgow Coma Scale scores were found to be protective factors against mortality. The predictive capacity of the model reached an area under the curve(AUC) of 0.857(95% confidence interval [95% Ci] 0.827–0.888).CONCLUSiON: Our data revealed that iMV, major analgesics, hypnotics and bicarbonate administration were associated with elevated mortality. Adding prehospital drug therapy information to demographic variables and vital signs could improve EMS decision-making, allowing a better characterization of patients at risk of clinical worsening.

关键词： Drug-therapy Medication Prehospital Mortality Emergency medical services

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Surgical approaches for complete rectal prolapse

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World journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2025年第3期17卷 47-56页

作者： Long Wu Huan Wu Song mu Xiao-Yun Li Yun-Huan Zhen Hai-Yang Li Department of Anus and intestinal Surgery The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang 550004Guizhou ProvinceChina Department of infectious Disease The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang 550004Guizhou ProvinceChina Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic diseases Treatment and Bioinformatics Research Guizhou Medical University Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryThe Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang 550000Guizhou ProvinceChina

Complete rectal prolapse,characterized by the protrusion of the rectal wall layers through the anal canal,poses significant treatment challenges,particularly due to controversies surrounding surgical approaches and the absence of a standardized assessment *** study comprehensively reviews the main surgical tech-niques for complete rectal prolapse,categorized as transabdominal and transpe-rineal/transanal *** various techniques,challenges persist,inclu-ding high recurrence rates and potential *** influencing the choice of the surgical approach include patient characteristics,symptomatology,and surgical *** advances in medical technology,laparoscopic and robotic surgeries offer promising avenues,albeit with considerations of cost and ***,treatment plans tailored to the individual needs of the patient and surgical expertise are *** controversies remain,the continued refinement of surgical techniques holds promise for improving out-comes in complete rectal prolapse surgery.

关键词： Rectal prolapse Surgery Procedure Treatment Review

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Gut microbiota shifts in hepatitis B-related portal hypertension after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt:Mechanistic and clinical implications

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2025年第3期31卷 134-137页

作者： Qi-Rong jiang Da-Wu Zeng Department of Hepatology Hepatology Research InstituteThe First Affiliated HospitalFujian Medical UniversityFuzhou 350005Fujian ProvinceChina Department of infectious diseases The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhou 350004Fujian ProvinceChina

in this article,we provide commentary on the recent article by Zhao et *** focus on the shifts in the gut microbiota of patients with hepatitis B virus(HBV)-associated cirrhosis/portal hypertension(PH)following transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt(TiPS)and the implications for understanding the mechanisms,diagnosis,and *** comparing the gut microbiota composition and dynamic changes before and after TiPS in patients with and without hepatic encephalopathy,the authors found an increase in non-probiotic bacteria in those who developed hepatic encephalopathy post-TiPS,with Morganella species present only in the hepatic encephalopathy *** gut microbiota changes post-TiPS among patients without the occurrence of hepatic encephalopathy suggest potential therapeutic benefits through prophylactic microbiome ***,the specific gut microbiota alterations may hold promise to predict the risk of hepatic encephalopathy in individuals undergoing TiPS for HBVrelated *** these promising findings,future studies are needed to address limitations,including a small sample size,a relatively short evaluation period for gut microbiota alterations,the absence of data on dynamic alterations in gut microbiota post-TiPS and their correlation with blood ammonia levels,and the lack of validation in animal *** conclusion,Zhao et al's study has shed new light on the link of gut microbiota with post-TiPS hepatic encephalopathy,potentially through the intricate gut-liver axis,and has important clinical implications for improving the management of patients with HBV-related PH.

关键词： Hepatitis B virus Cirrhosis Portal hypertension Hepatic encephalopathy Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt Gut microbiota

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Unveiling phosphofructokinase as the key target: an innovative strategy combining pull-down assays with optical imaging for snail-killing mechanism exploration

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Science China Chemistry 2025年

作者： Yuxun Lu Weisi Wang Le Yu Yuqiang Zhao Ying Chen Yunhai Guo Bingrong Luo Yuhua Liu Shizhu Li Liping Duan Ying Zhou Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory College of Chemical Science and Technology Yunnan University College of Biological and Chemical Engineering Guangxi University of Science and Technology National institute of Parasitic diseases Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research)NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases School of Chemistry and Environment Yunnan Minzu University Dali institute of Schistosomiasis Control

The Pomacea canaliculata, also known as apple snail, is an invasive species in China, posing a serious threat to agricultural production and public health. To prevent its rampant infestation, we developed a highly efficient snail-killing lead compound, 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(pyridin-3-yl)urea (PBQ). However, the killing mechanism of PBQ remains unclear. To elucidate this, two novel compounds, B-PBQ and j-PBQ, were developed through structural modification of PBQ and were used, through both protein pull-down assay and confocal laser scanning microscopy imaging, to identify and confirm that phosphofructokinase(PFK) in the apple snail is the primary target protein of PBQ. Further studies revealed that PBQ successfully inhibits the activity,content, and expression of PFK in apple snail, disrupting the glycolysis pathway and leading to abnormal energy *** disruptions impair the snail’s tolerance to low oxygen, resulting in its efficient eradication. These findings offer a promising direction for developing next-generation PFK-targeted snail-killing pesticides. Furthermore, the strategy of combining pull-down assays with optical imaging used in this work provides a novel approach for the exploration of mechanisms of other pesticide candidates.

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Pegaspargase induced multiple organ failure with acute lymphoblastic leukemia:A case report

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World journal of Clinical Cases 2025年第13期13卷 14-19页

作者： Su-Xia Bao Xiao-Ling Yuan Lei Yan jie Xu Department of infectious diseases Shanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200011China

BACKGROUND The introduction of pegaspargase has greatly advanced the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia(ALL).in the literature,only one case of pegaspargaseinduced multiple organ failure has been reported,and the patient died due to multiple organ *** SUMMARY Herein,we present a rare case of a 40-year-old man with ALL who developed multiple organ failure after treatment with *** patient had two rare phenomena reflecting poor prognosis,including the discrepancy between clinical manifestations and liver function and persistently low alpha-fetoprotein(AFP)levels from subacute liver ***,the patient was successfully treated using a multidisciplinary team *** This is the first case report of successful treatment of pegaspargase-induced multiple organ *** findings emphasize the importance of a multidisciplinary team approach in treating pegaspargase-induced multiple organ failure.

关键词： Pegaspargase multiple organ failure Acute lymphoblastic leukemia Liver failure Case report

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interleukin-17A facilitates tumor progression via upregulating programmed death ligand-1 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma

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World journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2025年第1期17卷 176-198页

作者： Zhong-Xia Yang Li-Ting Zhang Xiao-jun Liu Xue-Bin Peng Xiao-Rong Mao The First School of Clinical Medicine Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000Gansu ProvinceChina Department of infectious diseases The First Hospital of Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000Gansu ProvinceChina Department of Radiotherapy Gansu Provincial HospitalLanzhou 730000Gansu ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is an inflammation-associated tumor with a dismal *** has become an important treatment strategy for HCC,as immunity is closely related to inflammation in the tumor *** regulates the expression of programmed death ligand-1(PD-L1)in the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and affects im-munotherapy ***-17A(iL-17A)is involved in the remodeling of the tumor microenvironment and plays a protumor or antitumor role in different *** hypothesized that iL-17A participates in tumor progression by affe-cting the level of immune checkpoint molecules in *** upregulation of PD-L1 expression in HCC cells by iL-17A was assessed by reverse transcription PCR,western blotting,and flow *** studies were conducted with gene knockout models and pathway *** function of iL-17A in immune evasion was explored through coculture of T cells and HCC *** effects of iL-17A on the malignant biological behaviors of HCC cells were evaluated in vitro,and the antitumor effects of an iL-17A inhibitor and its synergistic effects with a PD-L1 inhibitor were studied in *** iL-17A upregulated PD-L1 expression in HCC cells in a dose-dependent manner,whereas iL-17A receptor knockout or treatment with a small mothers against decapentaplegic 2 inhibitor diminished the PD-L1 expression induced by ***-17A enhanced the survival of HCC cells in the coculture ***-17A increased the viability,G2/M ratio,and migration of HCC cells and decreased the apoptotic *** D1,VEGF,MMP9,and Bcl-1 expression increased after iL-17A treatment,whereas BAX expression *** combination of iL-17A and PD-L1 inhibitors showed synergistic antitumor efficacy and increased cluster of differentiation 8+T lymphocyte infiltration in an HCC mouse *** iL-17A upregulates PD-L1 expression via the iL-17A receptor/phosphorylation-small mothers against

关键词： interleukin-17A Programmed death ligand-1 interleukin-17A receptor Small mothers against decapentaplegic 2 Hepatocellular carcinoma immunotherapy

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