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Testing of Seedborne Fungi in Wheat Germplasm Conserved in the National crop Genebank of China

Agricultural Sciences in China 2007年第6期6卷 682-687页

作者： DUAN Can-xing WANG Xiao-ming ZHU Zhen-dong WU Xiao-fei institute of crop Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences~The National Key Facilities for Crop Gene Resources and GeneticImprovement （NFCRI） Beijing 100081 P.R.China

There is a primary understanding of the dominant fungi in wheat seeds conserved in the National crop Genebank of China （NCGB） and an evaluation of the healthy status of wheat germplasm propagated in different regions. A total of 1 465 wheat accessions were detected for seedbone fungi by blotter, agar plate, and wash tests. By blotter test, 17 genera of fungi, including more than 30 species, were detected in 712 wheat accessions from Shaanxi, Hebei, and Qinghai provinces, China. Alternaria was the most frequently detected in wheat seeds from Shaanxi Province, followed by Rhizopus, Penicillium, Aspergillus, Bipolaris, Cladosporium, Gonatobotrys, Chaetomium, and others. Seedborne fungi in wheat seeds from Hebei Province, with relatively high incidence were Alternaria, Rhizopus, Penicillium, Aspergillus, Bipolaris, Cladosporium, and Fusarium. In the seeds from Qinghai Province, Alternaria, Rhizopus, Bipolaris, Cladosporium, and Trichothecium are important seed-borne fungi. The seed germination was reduced substantially when seeds were infected by Fusarium verticillioides （syn. F. moniliforme）, Bipolaris nodulosa, and Cladosporium herbarum. Eighteen genera and 25 species of fungi were identified in 353 accessions from Shaanxi Province using the agar plate test. The dominant fungi were Alternaria, Aspergillus, Bipolaris, Gonatobotrys, Penicillium, and Fusarium. The smut fungi, Ustilago tritici, was detected by the wash test in 400 accessions, but it was low in incidence in 300 seed samples from Shaanxi Province （1.3%）, and in 100 samples from Hebei Province （2.0%）. Totally 19 genera of fungi were detected in wheat seed samples, and some seedborne fungi were saprophytic and others were biotrophic which could cause seedborne diseases in the field.

关键词： wheat gerrnplasm seedborne fungi seed health detection

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Elevated CO_2 facilitates C and N accumulation in a rice paddy ecosystem

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2015年第3期27卷 27-33页

作者： Jia Guo Mingqian Zhang Xiaowen Wang Weijian Zhang institute of Wetland Research Chinese Academy of Forestry institute of Applied Ecology Nanjing Agricultural University Technology Center of China Tobacco Fujian industrial Co. Ltd. Chinese Academy of Engineering institute of crop Science Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology Physiology & Production Ministry of Agriculture

Elevated CO2 can stimulate wetland carbon （C） and nitrogen （N） exports through gaseous and dissolved pathways, however, the consequent influences on the C and N pools are still not fully known. Therefore, we set up a free-air CO2 enrichment experiment in a paddy field in Eastern China. After five year fumigation, we studied C and N in the plant-water-soil system. The results showed：（1） elevated CO2 stimulated rice aboveground biomass and N accumulations by 19.1% and 12.5%, respectively. （2） Elevated CO2 significantly increased paddy soil TOC and TN contents by 12.5% and 15.5%, respectively in the 0-15 crn layer, and 22.7% and 26.0% in the 15-30 cm soil layer. （3） Averaged across the rice growing period, elevated CO2 greatly increased TOC and TN contents in the surface water by 7.6% and 11.4%, respectively. （4） The TOC/TN ratio and natural 5ISN value in the surface soil showed a decreasing trend under elevated CO2. The above results indicate that elevated CO2 can benefit C and N accumulation in paddy fields. Given the similarity between the paddies and natural wetlands, our results also suggest a great potential for long-term C and N accumulation in natural wetlands under future climate patterns.

关键词： Free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE)Wetland ecosystemPaddy fieldCarbon (C)Nitrogen (N)

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crop genome editing: A way to breeding by design

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The crop Journal 2020年第3期8卷 379-383页

作者： Chuanxiao Xie Yunbi Xu Jianmin Wan National Engineering Laboratory for crop Molecular Breeding Institute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China institute of crop Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center(CIMMYT) El Batan 56130TexcocoMexico Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100081China

Increasing population and consumption in our planet is placing unprecedented challenges on agriculture for meeting food security and sustainability needs[1].Meanwhile,the adaptation of modern agricultural techniques[2... 详细信息

关键词： breeding planet editing

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Comparative effects of crop residue incorporation and inorganic potassium fertilization on soil C and N characteristics and microbial activities in cotton field

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Journal of Cotton Research 2019年第4期2卷 191-202页

作者： HU Wei SUI Ning YU Chaoran YANG Changqin LIU Ruixian ZHOU Zhiguo College of Agriculture Nanjing Agricultural University Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern crop Production College of Pharmaceutical Science Zhejiang Chinese Medical University Vegetable Research institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences institute of industrial crops Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Background:crop residue incorporation into the soil is an effective method to augment soil potassium (K)content and effects of crop residue and K fertilizer on soil K balance have been ***,their influences on other soil characteristics such as carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) characteristics and microbial activities have not been *** address this,field experiments were conducted in 2011 at Dafeng (sandy loam) and Nanjing (clay loam) in China with treatments including blank control without crop residue incorporation and K fertilizer application,0.9t·ha-1wheat straw incorporation (W1C0),0.7t·ha-1cotton residue incorporation (W0C1),0.9t·ha-1wheat straw+0.7t·ha-1cotton residue incorporation (W1C1) and two K fertilizer rates (150 and 300kg·ha-1(K2O)) during the cotton ***:Compared with control,K fertilizer treatments did not alter soil water-soluble organic carbon/soil organic carbon (WSOC/SOC) ratio,microbial biomass carbon (MBC)/SOC ratio,MBC/microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) ratio,water inorganic nitrogen/total nitrogen ratio (WIN/TN),the number of cellulose-decomposing bacteria,or related enzymes activities,however,W0C1,W1C0 and W1C1 treatments significantly increased WSOC/SOC ratio,MBC/SOC ratio and MBC/MBN ratio,and decreased WIN/TN ratio at both sites.W0C1,W1C0 and W1C1 treatments also increased the number of soil cellulose-decomposing bacteria and activities of cellulase,β-glucosidase and *** different crop residue treatments,W1C0 and W1C1 treatments had more significant influences on above mentioned parameters than W0C1 ***,MBC/MBN ratio was the most important factor to result in the differences in the number of cellulose-decomposing bacteria and soil enzymes activities among different ***:Short-term K fertilizer application doesn’t affect soil C and N availability and microbial ***,crop residue incorporation alters soil C and N characteristics and microbial activities

关键词： crop straw Potash fertilizer Soil quality

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Study on Diversity of Soybean Germplasm with Drought Resistance in Huang-Huai-Hai Region

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2002年第1期1卷 50-55页

作者： LU Gui-he, LIU Xue-yi, REN Xiao-jun and SHI Hong( industrial crop Research institute, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fenyang 032200 ) industrial crop Research institute Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences Fenyang 032200

Fifty soybean germplasms with drought resistance selected from Huang-Huai-Hai Region were studied under field drought condition. The results showed that there was a diversity of drought resistance at different growth stages. Some varieties had drought resistance in whole growing period, but some only at one stage or several stages. Some varieties had both drought resistance and higher yield characters, some with drought resistance but lower yield. It was also found in present study that some drought resistant germplasms

关键词： Soybean Germplasm Drought-resistance Diversity

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Differential levels of mite infestation of wheat and barley in Czech grain stores

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Insect Science 2009年第3期16卷 255-262页

作者： Jan Hubert Zuzana Kucerova Radek Aulicky Marta Nesvorna Vaclav Stejskal crop Research institute Prague Czech Republic

While mites are able to utilize numerous food sources, the suitability of the food strongly influences population growth. The different suitabilities of various stored agricultural products will thus affect the level of infestation. In this study, we compared field mite infestation rates in two stored cereals： wheat and barley. We analyzed mite abundance, frequency and species composition in samples of grain obtained from 79 selected Czech grain stores. Stored barley seemed to be more vulnerable to mite attack than wheat, as we consistently found more infested samples, more species and higher mean and median mite abundance per sample in barley as compared to wheat. The mean mite abundance per sam- ple were 55 and 506 individuals for wheat and barley, respectively. In barley, 10% of sampies exceeded allergen risk threshold （i.e., 1 000 individuals per kg of grain）. Altogether, 25 species were identified from approximately 35 000 individuals. The most frequently identified species were the same in wheat and barley, that is, Tydeus interruptus Sig Thor, Acarus siro L., Tarsonemus granarius Lindquist, Lepidoglyphus destructor （Schrank） and Tyrophagus putrescentiae （Schrank）. Based on principal components analysis, we found a closer association of T. interruptus, T. putrescentiae, L. destructor and Cheyletus eruditus （Schrank） with barley samples, corresponding to the high frequency and abundance values of these mites. The probable reasons for the higher infestation, especially mite abundance in barley, are discussed in relation to the higher proportion of crushed parts, which may release favorable nutrient sources and amplify the abundance values.

关键词： barley food grain mite storage wheat

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Morphological and molecular characterizations of cereal cyst nematode Heterodera avenae Wollenweber, 1924 from the Czech Republic

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2017年第3期16卷 532-539页

作者： Shesh Kumari Division of crop Protection and Plant Health Crop Research Institute Prague 16106 Czech Republic

The cereal cyst nematode,Heterodera avenae Wollenweber,1924,is a major pest of cereal crops throughout the world and causes serious yield losses,especially of *** studies have shown that this species is widely distributed in the Czech *** this study,seven populations of *** were molecularly studied,and one population was morphologically *** regions（18S,28S,and internal transcribed spacer 1）of ribosomal DNA were sequenced and the analysis of the 18S gene of six populations did not reveal any variation,whereas the internal transcribed spacer 1and 28S sequences of six populations differed by only two nucleotides from a population in？*** and quick identification of cereal cyst nematodes is important for effective control measures and ribosomal sequence analyses of seven populations in this study will be useful in future phylogenetic studies of Heterodera *** in the Czech Republic.

关键词： Heterodera avenae PCR ribosomal DNA sequencing nematode

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ORGANIC CARBON STOCKS IN A SILTY TEXTURED SOIL FOLLOWING REINTEGRATION OF A 20 YEARS OLD MISCANTHUS×GIGANTEUS SITE INTO A crop ROTATION

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2023年第2期10卷 183-197页

作者： Lisa ESSICH Reiner RUSER Jens HARTUNG Anne HANEMANN Meike GASSNER Liam OBERDORFER Jörn BREUER Jürgen RECKNAGEL Helmut NUßBAUMER Torsten MÜLLER institute of crop Science Department Fertilization and Soil Matter DynamicsUniversity of Hohenheim70599 StuttgartGermany institute of crop Science Biostatistics UnitUniversity of Hohenheim70599 StuttgartGermany Center for Agricultural Technology Augustenberg(LTZ) 76227 KarlsruheGermany

Miscanthus×giganteus may play an important role in replacing fossil energy resources by bio-based *** further advantage of miscanthus production is the generally high soil organic carbon(C_(org))enrichment in *** to declining yields,miscanthus stocks are commonly reintegrated into crop rotation after approximately 20 *** there is only few information,whether these high amounts of(C_(org))can be conserved while intensifying soil tillage and crop management after ***,we monitored(C_(org))stocks in a control with more than 20 years of continuous miscanthus and in a treatment with reintegration of a 20-years old miscanthus stock into an organic crop *** onδ^(13)C soil values,we calculated an annual(C_(org))enrichment of 0.98 Mg·ha^(-1)·yr^(-1)C under *** than 95%of the miscanthus-C was determined in the upper 0.25 m of *** miscanthus cultivation did not affect yields during the first five extension years and(C_(org))stocks increased *** reintegration,(C_(org))stocks remained constant during five years,which was mainly attributed to the humification and/or stabilization of high amounts of destroyed roots and rhizomes.A significant decrease in(C_(org))(-5.7 Mg·ha^(-1)C)compared to the continuing miscanthus cultivation was at first measured six years after reintegration into crop rotation,underlining the need of long-term *** data also show,that miscanthus production cycles can be extended in our region,and that sowing of the alfalfa grass mixture after rhizome/root destruction was efficient in preserving(C_(org))stocks for at least first five years after reintegration.

关键词： biobased energy crops C balance humus accumulation

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Regulation of Leaf Senescence and crop Genetic Improvement

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2012年第12期54卷 936-952页

作者： Xiao-Yuan Wu Ben-Ke Kuai Ji-Zeng Jia Hai-Chun Jing The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and institute of Plant Biology School of Life SciencesFudan University institute of crop Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Leaf senescence can impact crop production by either changing photosynthesis duration, or by modifying the nutrient remobiliza- tion efficiency and harvest index. The doubling of the grain yield in major cereals in the last 50 years was primarily achieved through the extension of photosynthesis duration and the increase in crop biomass partitioning, two things that are intrinsically coupled with leaf senescence. In this review, we consider the functionality of a leaf as a function of leaf age, and divide a leaf＇s life into three phases： the functionality increasing phase at the early growth stage, the full functionality phase, and the senescence and functionality decreasing phase. A genetic framework is proposed to describe gene actions at various checkpoints to regulate leaf development and senescence. Four categories of genes contribute to crop production： those which regulate （Ⅰ） the speed and transition of early leaf growth, （Ⅱ） photosynthesis rate, （Ⅲ） the onset and （Ⅳ） the progression of leaf senescence. Current advances in isolating and characterizing senescence regulatory genes are discussed in the leaf aging and crop production context. We argue that the breeding of crops with leaf senescence ideotypes should be an essential part of further crop genetic improvement.

关键词： Leaf Senescence photosynthesis and photoassimilates nutrient remobilisation senescence-associated genes crop ideotypes.

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Weed genomics:yielding insights into the genetics of weedy traits for crop improvement

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aBIOTECH 2023年第1期4卷 20-30页

作者： Yujie Huang Dongya Wu Zhaofeng Huang Xiangyu Li Aldo Merotto Jr Lianyang Bai Longjiang Fan institute of crop Science and institute of Bioinformatics Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China institute of Plant Protection Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100193China Department of crop Sciences Agricultural School Federal University of Rio Grande do SulPorto Alegre 91540-000Brazil Hunan Weed Science Key Laboratory Hunan Academy of Agriculture SciencesChangshang 410125China

Weeds cause tremendous economic and ecological damage *** number of genomes established for weed species has sharply increased during the recent decade,with some 26 weed species having been sequenced and de novo genomes *** genomes range from 270 Mb(Barbarea vulgaris)to almost 4.4 Gb(Aegilops tauschii).Importantly,chromosome-level assemblies are now available for 17 of these 26 species,and genomic investigations on weed populations have been conducted in at least 12 *** resulting genomic data have greatly facilitated studies of weed management and biology,especially origin and *** weed genomes have indeed revealed valuable weed-derived genetic materials for crop *** this review,we summarize the recent progress made in weed genomics and provide a perspective for further exploitation in this emerging field.

关键词： Weeds Genome sequencing Population genomics Adaptive traits Evolution

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