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Development of an experimental method for well-controlled blast induced traumatic limb fracture in rats

Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第4期34卷 168-176页

作者： Luyang Xu Xiancheng Yu Clement DFavier Ibidumo Igah Thuy-Tien Nguyen Warren Macdonald Anthony MJ.Bull centre for Blast Injury Studies Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom Department of Bioengineering Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom Dyson School of Design Engineering Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics Royal Free London National Health Service Foundation TrustLondonUnited Kingdom

Heterotopic ossification(HO)is a consequence of traumatic bone and tissue damage,which occurs in 65%of military casualties with blast-associated amputations.However,the mechanisms behind blast-induced HO remain unclear.Animal models are used to study blast-induced HO,but developing such models is challenging,particularly in how to use a pure blast wave(primary blast)to induce limb fracture that then requires an amputation.Several studies,including our recent study,have developed platforms to induce limb fractures in rats with blast loading or a mixture of blast and impact loading.However,these models are limited by the survivability of the animal and repeatability of the model.In this study,we developed an improved platform,aiming to improve the animal's survivability and injury repeatability as well as focusing on primary blast only.The platform exposed only one limb of the rat to a blast wave while providing proper protection to the rest of the rat's body.We obtained very consistent fracture outcome in the tibia(location and pattern)in cadaveric rats with a large range of size and weight.Importantly,the rats did not obviously move during the test,where movement is a potential cause of uncontrolled injury.We further conducted parametric studies by varying the features of the design of the platform.These factors,such as how the limb is fixed and how the cavity through which the limb is placed is sealed,significantly affect the resulting injury.This platform and test setups enable well-controlled limb fracture induced directly by pure blast wave,which is the fundamental step towards a complete in vivo animal model for blast-induced HO induced by primary blast alone,excluding secondary and tertiary blast injury.In addition,the platform design and the findings presented here,particularly regarding the proper protection of the animal,have implications for future studies investigating localized blast injuries,such as blast induced brain and lung injuries.

关键词： Blast injury Biomechanics Heterotopic ossification Limb fracture Blast wave Animal model

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Antimicrobial stewardship and targeted therapies in the changing landscape of maternal sepsis

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Journal of Intensive Medicine 2024年第1期4卷 46-61页

作者： Nishel M Shah Esmita Charani Damien Ming Fook-Choe Cheah Mark R Johnson Department of Metabolism Digestion and ReproductionImperial College LondonChelsea and Westminster HospitalLondonUK Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infection and Antimicrobial Resistance Imperial College LondonLondonUK Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine Department of MedicineGroote Schuur HospitalUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa Department of Infectious Diseases Imperial College LondonChelsea and Westminster HospitalLondonUK Department of Paediatrics Faculty of MedicineUniversiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical CentreKuala LumpurMalaysia

Pregnant and postnatal women are a high-risk population particularly prone to rapid progression to sepsis with significant morbidity and mortality worldwide.Moreover,severe maternal infections can have a serious detrimental impact on neonates with almost 1 million neonatal deaths annually attributed to maternal infection or sepsis.In this review we discuss the susceptibility of pregnant women and their specific physiological and immunological adaptations that contribute to their vulnerability to sepsis,the implications for the neonate,as well as the issues with antimicrobial stewardship and the challenges this poses when attempting to reach a balance between clinical care and urgent treatment.Finally,we review advancements in the development of pregnancy-specific diagnostic and therapeutic approaches and how these can be used to optimize the care of pregnant women and neonates.

关键词： Sepsis Pregnancy Immunology Cardiovascular Personalised medicine Antibiotic stewardship

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Predicting the coefficient of friction in a sliding contact by applying machine learning to acoustic emission data

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Friction 2024年第6期12卷 1299-1321页

作者： Robert GUTIERREZ Tianshi FANG Robert MAINWARING Tom REDDYHOFF Tribology Group Department of Mechanical EngineeringImperial College LondonExhibition RoadLondon SW72AZUK Shell Global Solutions(US)Inc.Shell Technology Center Houston 3333 Highway 6 SouthHoustonTX 77082USA Shell International Petroleum Company Limited Shell CentreYork RoadLondon SE17NAUK

It is increasingly important to monitor sliding interfaces within machines,since this is where both energy is lost,and failures occur.Acoustic emission(AE)techniques offer a way to monitor contacts remotely without requiring transparent or electrically conductive materials.However,acoustic data from sliding contacts is notoriously complex and difficult to interpret.Herein,we simultaneously measure coefficient of friction(with a conventional force transducer)and acoustic emission(with a piezoelectric sensor and high acquisition rate digitizer)produced by a steel‒steel rubbing contact.Acquired data is then used to train machine learning(ML)algorithms(e.g.,Gaussian process regression(GPR)and support vector machine(SVM))to correlated acoustic emission with friction.ML training requires the dense AE data to first be reduced in size and a range of processing techniques are assessed for this(e.g.,down-sampling,averaging,fast Fourier transforms(FFTs),histograms).Next,fresh,unseen AE data is given to the trained model and the resulting friction predictions are compared with the directly measured friction.There is excellent agreement between the measured and predicted friction when the GPR model is used on AE histogram data,with root mean square(RMS)errors as low as 0.03 and Pearson correlation coefficients reaching 0.8.Moreover,predictions remain accurate despite changes in test conditions such as normal load,reciprocating frequency,and stroke length.This paves the way for remote,acoustic measurements of friction in inaccessible locations within machinery to increase mechanical efficiency and avoid costly failure/needless maintenance.

关键词： acoustic emission condition monitoring friction machine learning Gaussian process regression support vector machine

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Reactor field reconstruction from sparse and movable sensors using Voronoi tessellation-assisted convolutional neural networks

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第5期35卷 173-185页

作者： He-Lin Gong Han Li Dunhui Xiao Sibo Cheng Paris Elite Institute of Technology Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China School of Mathematical Sciences Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Department of Computing Data Science InstituteImperial College LondonLondon SW72AZUK

The aging of operational reactors leads to increased mechanical vibrations in the reactor interior.The vibration of the incore sensors near their nominal locations is a new problem for neutronic field reconstruction.Current field-reconstruction methods fail to handle spatially moving sensors.In this study,we propose a Voronoi tessellation technique in combination with convolutional neural networks to handle this challenge.Observations from movable in-core sensors were projected onto the same global field structure using Voronoi tessellation,holding the magnitude and location information of the sensors.General convolutional neural networks were used to learn maps from observations to the global field.The proposed method reconstructed multi-physics fields(including fast flux,thermal flux,and power rate)using observations from a single field(such as thermal flux).Numerical tests based on the IAEA benchmark demonstrated the potential of the proposed method in practical engineering applications,particularly within an amplitude of 5 cm around the nominal locations,which led to average relative errors below 5% and 10% in the L_(2) and L_(∞)norms,respectively.

关键词： Voronoi tessellation Field reconstruction Nuclear reactors Reactor physics On-line monitoring

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An Efficient Modelling of Oversampling with Optimal Deep Learning Enabled Anomaly Detection in Streaming Data

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China Communications 2024年第5期21卷 249-260页

作者： R.Rajakumar S.Sathiya Devi Srinivasa Ramanujan centre SASTRA Deemed UniversityKumbakonamTamil Nadu 612001India University college of Engineering BIT CampusAnna UniversityTiruchirappalli 620024India

Recently,anomaly detection(AD)in streaming data gained significant attention among research communities due to its applicability in finance,business,healthcare,education,etc.The recent developments of deep learning(DL)models find helpful in the detection and classification of anomalies.This article designs an oversampling with an optimal deep learning-based streaming data classification(OS-ODLSDC)model.The aim of the OSODLSDC model is to recognize and classify the presence of anomalies in the streaming data.The proposed OS-ODLSDC model initially undergoes preprocessing step.Since streaming data is unbalanced,support vector machine(SVM)-synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique(SVM-SMOTE)is applied for oversampling process.Besides,the OS-ODLSDC model employs bidirectional long short-term memory(Bi LSTM)for AD and classification.Finally,the root means square propagation(RMSProp)optimizer is applied for optimal hyperparameter tuning of the Bi LSTM model.For ensuring the promising performance of the OS-ODLSDC model,a wide-ranging experimental analysis is performed using three benchmark datasets such as CICIDS 2018,KDD-Cup 1999,and NSL-KDD datasets.

关键词： anomaly detection deep learning hyperparameter optimization oversampling SMOTE streaming data

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利用探针跳跃式扫描离子电导显微镜技术揭示结直肠癌单细胞层面对H2O2良性应激的动态响应（英文）

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Science Bulletin 2024年第12期 1909-1919页

作者：王东 Emily Woodcock 杨羲 Hiromi Nishikawa Elena V.Sviderskaya Masanobu Oshima Christopher Edwards 张彦军 Yuri Korchev WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-Nano LSI) Kanazawa University Department of Medicine Imperial College London Cell biology Research centre Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute St George's University of London

Colorectal cancer（CRC）, a widespread malignancy, is closely associated with tumor microenvironmental hydrogen peroxide（H2O2） levels. Some clinical trials targeting H2O2for cancer treatment have revealed its paradoxical role as a promoter of cancer progression. Investigating the dynamics of cancer cell H2O2eustress at the single–cell level is crucial. In this study, non–contact hopping probe mode scanning ion conductance microscopy（HPICM） with high-sensitive Pt–functionalized nanoelectrodes was employed to measure dynamic extracellular to intracellular H2O2gradients in individual colorectal cancer Caco–2cells. We explored the relationship between cellular mechanical properties and H2O2gradients.Exposure to 0.1 or 1 mmol/L H2O2eustress increased the extracellular to intracellular H2O2gradient from 0.3 to 1.91 or 3.04, respectively. Notably, cellular F–actin–dependent stiffness increased at 0.1 mmol/L but decreased at 1 mmol/L H2O2eustress. This H2O2–induced stiffness modulated AKT activation positively and glutathione peroxidase 2（GPX2） expression negatively. Our findings unveil the failure of some H2O2-targeted therapies due to their ineffectiveness in generating H2O2, which instead acts eustress to promote cancer cell survival. This research also reveals the complex interplay between physical properties and biochemical signaling in cancer cells' antioxidant defense, illuminating the exploitation of H2O2eustress for survival at the single–cell level. Inhibiting GPX and/or catalase（CAT） enhances the cytotoxic activity of H2O2eustress against CRC cells, which holds significant promise for developing innovative therapies targeting cancer and other H2O2-related inflammatory diseases.

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Bioinspiration review of Aquatic Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(AquaUAV)

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Biomimetic Intelligence & Robotics 2024年第2期4卷 1-11页

作者： Xinyang Wang Jjiawei Zhao Xuan Pei Tianmiao Wang Taogang Hou Xingbang Yang School of Electronic and Information Engineering Beijing Jiaotong UniversityBeijing 100044China Department of Bioengineering Imperial College LondonLondon SW72AZUK School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering Bejing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical EngineeringKey Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of EducationBeihang UniversityBeijing 100191China

The performance of Aquatic Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(AquaUAV)has always been limited so far and far from practical applications,due to insufficient propulsion,large-resistance structure etc.Aerial-aquatic amphibians in nature may facilitate the development of AquaUAV since their excellent amphibious locomotion capabilities evolved under long-term natural selection.This article will take four typical aerial-aquatic amphibians as representatives,i.e.,gannet,cormorant,flying fish and flying squid.We summarized the multi-mode locomotion process of common aerial-aquatic amphibians and the evolutionary trade-offs they have made to adapt to amphibious environments.The four typical propulsion mechanisms were investigated,which may further inspire the propulsion design of the AquaUAV.And their morphological models could guide the layout optimization.Finally,we reviewed the state of art in AquaUAV to validate the potential value of our bioinspiration,and discussed the futureprospects.

关键词： Aerial-aquatic amphibians Multi-mode locomotion trade-offs Propulsion mechanism Morphological design

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Vacancy defect MoSeTe embedded in N and F co-doped carbon skeleton for high performance sodium ion batteries and hybrid capacitors

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第3期90卷 652-664,I0014页

作者： Dehui Yang Wentao Guo Fei Guo Jiaming Zhu Gang Wang Hui Wang Guanghui Yuan Shenghua Ma Beibei Wang State Key Laboratory of Photon-Technology in Western China Energy International Collaborative Center on Photoelectric Technology and Nano Functional MaterialsInstitute of Photonics&Photon-TechnologyNorthwest UniversityXi’an 710127ShannxiChina Key Laboratory of synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry(Ministry of Education) College of Chemistry&Materials ScienceNorthwest UniversityXi’an 710127ShannxiChina School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Ankang Research Centre of New Nano-materials Science and TechnologyShaanxi University Innovation Research Institute of Advanced Energy Storage Materials and Battery Technology for Future IndustrializationAnkang UniversityAnkang 725000ShannxiChina

Sodium-ion batteries(SIBs) and hybrid capacitors(SIHCs) have garnered significant attention in energy storage due to their inherent advantages,including high energy density,cost-effectiveness,and enhanced safety.However,developing high-performance anode materials to improve sodium storage performa nce still remains a major challenge.Here,a facile one-pot method has been developed to fabricate a hybrid of MoSeTe nanosheets implanted within the N,F co-doped honeycomb carbon skeleton(MoSeTe/N,F@C).Experimental results demonstrate that the incorporation of large-sized Te atoms into MoSeTe nanosheets enlarges the layer spacing and creates abundant anion vacancies,which effectively facilitate the insertion/extraction of Na^(+) and provide numerous ion adsorption sites for rapid surface capacitive behavior.Additionally,the heteroatoms N,F co-doped honeycomb carbon skeleton with a highly conductive network can restrain the volume expansion and boost reaction kinetics within the electrode.As anticipated,the MoSeTe/N,F@C anode exhibits high reversible capacities along with exceptional cycle stability.When coupled with Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)@C(NVPF@C) to form SIB full cells,the anode delivers a reversible specific capacity of 126 mA h g^(-1) after 100 cycles at 0.1 A g^(-1).Furthermore,when combined with AC to form SIHC full cells,the anode demonstrates excellent cycling stability with a reversible specific capacity of50 mA h g^(-1) keeping over 3700 cycles at 1.0 A g^(-1).In situ XRD,ex situ TEM characterization,and theoretical calculations(DFT) further confirm the reversibility of sodium storage in MoSeTe/N,F@C anode materials during electrochemical reactions,highlighting their potential for widespread practical application.This work provides new insights into the promising utilization of advanced transition metal dichalcogenides as anode materials for Na^(+)-based energy storage devices.

关键词： MoSeTe N F co-doped honeycomb carbon skeleton Sodium-ion batteries Sodium-ion hybrid capacitor

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Ecology and risks of the global plastisphere as a newly expanding microbial habitat

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The Innovation 2024年第1期5卷 49-58页

作者： Changchao Li Michael RGillings Chao Zhang Qinglin Chen Dong Zhu Jie Wang Kankan Zhao Qicheng Xu Polly Hangmei Leung Xiangdong Li Jian Liu Ling Jin Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityKowloonHong KongChina Environment Research Institute Shandong UniversityQingdao 266237China State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution City University of Hong KongKowloon TongHong KongChina ARC centre of Excellence in synthetic biology Faculty of Science and EngineeringMacquarie UniversitySydneyNSW 2109Australia Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research StationInstitute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361021China Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation College of Resources and Environmental SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science College of Environmental and Resource SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China Department of Health Technology and Informatics and Research Institute for Future Food The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityKowloonHong KongChina Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Guangzhou) Guangzhou 511458China

Plastic offers a new niche for microorganisms,the plastisphere.The everincreasing emission of plastic waste makes it critical to understand the microbial ecology of the plastisphere and associated effects.Here,we present a global fingerprint of the plastisphere,analyzing samples collected from freshwater,seawater,and terrestrial ecosystems.The plastisphere assembles a distinct microbial community that has a clearly higher heterogeneity and a more deterministically dominated assembly compared to natural habitats.New coexistence patterns—loose and fragile networks with mostly specialist linkages among microorganisms that are rarely found in natural habitats—are seen in the plastisphere.Plastisphere microbiomes generally have a great potential to metabolize organic compounds,which could accelerate carbon turnover.Microorganisms involved in the nitrogen cycle are also altered in the plastisphere,especially in freshwater plastispheres,where a high abundance of denitrifiers may increase the release of nitrite(aquatic toxicant)and nitrous oxide(greenhouse gas).Enrichment of animal,plant,and human pathogens means that the plastisphere could become an increasingly mobile reservoir of harmful microorganisms.Our findings highlight that if the trajectory of plastic emissions is not reversed,the expanding plastisphere could pose critical planetary health challenges.

关键词： reservoir mostly habitat

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Fabrication and characterisation of random and aligned electrospun scaffolds to investigate hypothalamic stem/progenitor cell behaviour

Engineered Regeneration

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Engineered Regeneration 2024年第1期5卷 11-20页

作者： Selina Beal Iain Stewart Paul Hatton Marysia Placzek Ilida Ortega School of Clinical Dentistry and Insigneo Institute Claremont CrescentUniversity of SheffieldSheffield S102TAUK School of Biosciences University of SheffieldEnglandUK National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial CollegeLondon SW36LYUK

Tanycytes are stem/progenitor cells that reside in the hypothalamus of the adult vertebrate brain.Tanycytes can be cultured as free-floating neurospheres in vitro but tend to spontaneously differentiate over time.Here we asked whether morphological cues provided by engineered polymer scaffolds can modify spontaneous differentiation.Tanycyte-derived neurospheres were cultured on electrospun scaffolds,prepared with either random or aligned fiber morphologies.Cells dispersed widely on the scaffolds,and-on aligned scaffolds-were highly organized,orientated parallel to the fibers.Immunocytochemical analysis showed that cells cultured on aligned scaffolds showed significantly greater expression of the neural stem/progenitor cell marker,NrCAM and reduced expres-sion of differentiated cell markers in comparison to those cultured on random scaffolds.Together this shows that tanycytes respond to local engineered cues,and that a morphologically constrained environment can better main-tain tanycytes as stem cells.The aligned scaffold culture system provides a powerful tool to better investigate this novel stem/progenitor cell population.

关键词： Scaffold Tanycytes Neural stem/progenitor cells Fiber alignment Electrospinning

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