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Multi-scale habitat influences sprainting and group size of a freshwater-obligate smooth-coated otter(Lutrogale perspicillata) in Tungabhadra Otter Conservation Reserve, India

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Ecological Processes 2024年第1期13卷 159-175页

作者： Ankit Moun P.Ramesh Kumar M.Malathi Priya T.Ramesh Riddhika Kalle Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology and natural history Deputy Conservator of Forests Bellary Territorial Forest Division Deputy Conservator of Forests Working Plan and Survey and Research WingBellary Territorial Forest Division Centre for Functional Biodiversity University of Kwa Zulu-Natal

Background The impact of changing land-use patterns and associated anthropogenic threats on scale-dependent habitat use of semi-aquatic mustelids in scent-marking and social behaviour can provide important insights into the habitat ecology of smooth-coated otters(Lutrogale perspicillata).Methods We sampled 180 stream segments(100–400 m) as spatial replicates of 60 1-km2 sites to record indirect evidence(i.e. spraints and mass latrine sites) and group sizes of smooth-coated otters along the Tungabhadra Otter Conservation Reserve(TOCR) during the dry season. To quantify habitat, we recorded stream characteristics, riparian vegetation, and anthropogenic disturbances at the local scale, and hydro-environmental characteristics and land uses at the landscape scale. Using Markovian-chain detection and occupancy models, we assessed the multi-scale habitat use of otters in their selection of suitable areas for scent-marking based on repeated presence-absence data on spraint/latrine locations along the TOCR. We further used linear regression techniques to explore relationships between the number of individuals in smooth-coated otter group and hydro-environmental characteristics, spraint/latrine encounter rate, anthropogenic pressure, land cover, topography, and *** At the local scale, the probability of spraint deposition and group size decreased with anthropogenic disturbance while the probability of spraint detections decreased with grass cover. At the landscape scale, the probability of otter site use for spraint deposition and group sizes increased in southeast flowing streams. Spraint deposition increased with the proportion of sugarcane fields, whereas in contrast, group size decreased with proportion of sugarcane *** Our findings highlight the first empirical evidence on multi-scale habitat use of a southern Indian population of smooth-coated otters in an inland freshwater ecosystem surrounded by the scrub jungle–agriculture matrix. We sug

关键词： Presence-absence modelling Inland river Freshwater ecosystem Semi-aquatic mammal Smooth-coated otter

Carbon emission reduction: Contribution of geothermal energy and practice in China

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China Geology 2024年第1期7卷 161-164页

作者： Liang Wang Li-qiong Jia natural Resources Integrated survey Command Center China Geological SurveyMinistry of Natural ResourcesBeijing 100055China Development and Research Center China Geological SurveyMinistry of Natural ResourcesBeijing 100037China

As a kind of natural energy from the earth’s interior,geothermal energy is characterized by large reserve,wide distribution,good stability,high utilization coefficient,and positive effects of energy-saving and *** is of great significance for promoting green and low-carbon energy transition,reducing greenhouse gas emission,and achieving global climate goals and sustainable economic ***,it has been highly recognized and valued by lots of countries around the world,and has become one of the most important clean energy sources that countries are accelerating to develop and *** potential of the global geothermal energy resource is estimated to be 1.25×1027 J,equivalent to 4.27×10^(16) t of standard coal,among which the geothermal resource between 0 km and 5 km is 1.45×10^(26) J,equivalent to 4.95×1015 t of standard coal(China Geological survey,2018).

关键词： energy utilize interior

Significant lake expansion has accelerated permafrost degradation on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第1期21卷 68-83页

作者： LI Qingpeng LIU Wenhui LIU Hairui ZHOU Guanghao SONG Xianteng LI Qing LUO Bingnan SONG Bangxu ZHANG Qi Department of Geological Engineering Qinghai UniversityXining 810016China College of Eco-Environmental Engineering Qinghai UniversityXining 810016China Xining Center for Integrated natural Resources survey China Geological SurveyXining 810000China

In recent years, lakes on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau have become more responsive to climate change. In September 2011, Zonag Lake in Hoh Xil experienced sudden drainage, the water eventually flowed into Yanhu Lake, which caused Yanhu Lake to continue to expand. The potential collapse of Yanhu Lake could directly threaten the operational safety of the adjacent Qinghai-Tibet Highway, Qinghai-Tibet Railway. To explore the implications of expanding lakes on the surrounding permafrost, we selected Hoh Xil Yanhu Lake on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau to study the effect of lake expansion on permafrost degradation. The permafrost degradation in the Yanhu Lake basin from October 2017 to December 2022 was inverted using Sentinel-1 satellite image data and small baseline subset interferometry synthetic aperture radar(SBAS-In SAR) technology. Additionally, permafrost degradation from February 2007 and February 2010 was analyzed using advanced land observing satellite phased array-type L-band synthetic aperture radar(ALOS PALSAR) satellite images and differential interferometric synthetic aperture radar(D-In SAR) technique. The results showed that the permafrost around Yanhu Lake experienced accelerated degradation. Prior to the expansion of Yanhu Lake, the average annual deformation rate along the line of sight(LOS) direction was 6.7 mm/yr. After the expansion, the rate increased to 20.9 mm/yr. The integration of spatial-temporal distribution maps of surface subsidence, Wudaoliang borehole geothermal data, meteorological data, Yanhu Lake surface area changes, and water level changes supports the assertion that the intensified permafrost degradation could be attributed to lake expansion rather than the rising air temperature. Furthermore, permafrost degradation around Yanhu Lake could impact vital infrastructure such as the adjacent Qinghai-Tibet Highway and Qinghai-Tibet Railway.

关键词： Lake expansion SBAS-InSAR D-InSAR Permafrost deformation Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

Genesis of the Shijia Gold Deposit， Jiaodong Peninsula， China: Constraints from Fluid Inclusions and Stable Isotopes

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Journal of Earth Science 2024年

作者： Liqiang Feng Ruiwen Shen Xuexiang Gu Yongmei Zhang Zhanlin Ge Yingshuai Zhang Yu He natural Resources Comprehensive survey Command Center China Geological survey Ha'erbin natural Resources survey Command Center China Geological survey School of Earth Sciences and Resources， China University of Geosciences State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources， China University of Geosciences Beijing Xi'an Mineral Resources survey Center China Geological survey Department of natural Resources of Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture

The Shijia gold deposit， situated in Penglai City， Shandong Province， is distinguished by its fracture-filling auriferous quartz-sulfide veins. Studies of fluid inclusions and stable isotopes （H-O-C-S） were conducted on this deposit， revealing that the auriferous quartz primarily contains four types of fluid inclusions: CO2-H2O inclusions， pure CO2inclusions， two-phase aqueous inclusions， and solid mineral-bearing multiphase inclusions. The ore-forming fluids of Shijia belong to a heterogeneous H2O-CO2-NaCl system， characterized by moderate to high temperatures （187–386 ℃）， low to high salinities (0.2%–41.2% NaCleq)， and low densities (0.72–1.07 g/cm3). Fluid immiscibility and fluid-rock interaction may have occurred at Shijia， with mineralization depths ranging from 3.3 to 3.9 km. The δD and δ18OH2Ovalues of auriferous quartz vary from -86.1‰ to -79.1‰ and from 9.4‰ to 10.5‰， respectively， suggesting that the ore-forming fluids are of magmatic origin. Carbon isotope compositions of the hydrothermal calcite （-3.31‰ to -0.86‰） indicate the carbon might be related to a mantle source that was contaminated by marine carbonates. The positive δ34S values of sulfides （4.3‰–7.3‰） reflect that the ore-forming materials may be sourced from the metasomatized lithospheric mantle beneath the North China Craton， related to the subduction of the Yangtze Craton in the Triassic. Collectively， the evidence from geology， fluid inclusion and H-O-C-S isotopes indicate that the Shijia gold deposit is of magmatic-hydrothermal origin and related to the Guojialing granite formed by the mixing of crust- and mantle-derived magmas.

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Deep-large faults controlling on the distribution of the venting gas hydrate system in the middle of the Qiongdongnan Basin, South China Sea

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China Geology 2024年第1期7卷 36-50页

作者： Jin-feng Ren Hai-jun Qiu Zeng-gui Kuang Ting-wei Li Yu-lin He Meng-jie Xu Xiao-xue Wang Hong-fei Lai Jin Liang National Engineering Research Center of Gas Hydrate Exploration and Development Guangzhou 511458China Guangzhou Marine Geological survey China Geological SurveyGuangzhou 511458China China Geological survey Ministtry of Natural ResourcesBeijing 100037China

Many locations with concentrated hydrates at vents have confirmed the presence of abundant thermogenic gas in the middle of the Qiongdongnan Basin(QDNB).However,the impact of deep structures on gasbearing fluids migration and gas hydrates distribution in tectonically inactive regions is still *** this study,the authors apply high-resolution 3D seismic and logging while drilling(LWD)data from the middle of the QDNB to investigate the influence of deep-large faults on gas chimneys and preferred gasescape *** findings reveal the following:(1)Two significant deep-large faults,F1 and F2,developed on the edge of the Songnan Low Uplift,control the dominant migration of thermogenic hydrocarbons and determine the initial locations of gas chimneys.(2)The formation of gas chimneys is likely related to fault activation and *** chimney 1 is primarily arises from convergent fluid migration resulting from the intersection of the two faults,while the gas chimney 2 benefits from a steeper fault plane and shorter migration distance of fault F2.(3)Most gas-escape pipes are situated near the apex of the two *** reactivations facilitate free gas flow into the GHSZ and contribute to the formation of fracture‐filling hydrates.

关键词： Venting gas hydrates Deep-large faults Gas chimney Gas-escape pipes High-resolution 3D seismic Logging while drilling Qiongdongnan Basin South China Sea

Two stages power generation test of the hot dry rock exploration and production demonstration project in the Gonghe Basin,northeastern Qinghai-Tibet plateau,China

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China Geology 2024年第3期7卷 409-421页

作者： Er-yong Zhang Dong-guang Wen Gui-ling Wang Xian-peng Jin Lin-you Zhang Hai-dong Wu Wen-shi Wang Cheng-ming Ye Wei Weng Kuan Li Jin-sheng Wu Xian-chun Tang Chong-yuan Zhang Qing-da Feng Sheng Lian Li-sha Hu Gui-lin Zhu Xing-long Xie Bin Wu Dan Wang Xue Niu Zhao-xuan Niu Dong-lin Liu Hui Zhang Wen-hao Xu Shu-qing Yao Li Yang Center for Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology survey China Geological SurveyMinistry of Natural ResourcesTianjin 300304China Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesChina Geological SurveyShijiazhuang 050061China Institute of Exploration Techniques Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesChina Geological SurveyLangfang 065000China Institute of Exploration Engineering China Geological SurveyMinistry of Natural ResourcesBeijing 100083China Institute of Exploration Technology Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesChengdu 611734China Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences China Geological SurveyBeijing 100037China Institute of Geomechanics Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesChina Geological SurveyBeijing 100081China Geoscience Documentation Center China Geological SurveyMinistry of Natural ResourcesBeijing 100083China

The Hot Dry Rock(HDR)is considered as a clean and renewable energy,poised to significantly contribute to the global energy decarbonization *** HDR projects worldwide have accumulated valuable experience in efficient drilling and completion,reservoir construction,and fracture *** 2019,China Geological survey(CGS)initiated a demonstration project of HDR exploration and production in the Gonghe Basin,aiming to overcome the setbacks faced by HDR *** the ensuing four years,the Gonghe HDR project achieved the first power generation in 2021,followed by the second power generation test in *** establishing the primary well group in the initial phase,two directional wells and one branch well were *** progress was made in successfully constructing the targeted reservoir,realizing inter-well connectivity,power generation and grid connection,implementing of the real-time micro-seismic monitoring.A closed-loop technical validation of the HDR exploration and production was ***,many technical challenges remain in the process of HDR industrialization,such as reservoir fracture network characterization,efficient drilling and completion,multiple fracturing treatment,continuous injection and production,as well as mitigation of induced seismicity and numerical simulation technology.

关键词： Power generation Hot dry rock(HDR) Enhanced geothermal system(EGS) Genesis mechanism Gonghe Basin Directional drilling Reservoir construction Circulation test Induced seismicity Clean energy exploration engineering

Responses of Nutrients to the Precipitation Variation and Land Use in Subtropical Monsoonal Small Mountainous Rivers:A Case Study of Baixi Watershed

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2024年第2期23卷 383-391页

作者： TIAN Yuan GAO Fei CAO Ke LV Shenghua DUAN Xiaoyong YIN Ping Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology China Geological SurveyMinistry of Natural ResourcesQingdao 266237China Laboratory for Marine Geology Laoshan LaboratoryQingdao 266237China

Small mountainous rivers are characterized by large instantaneous fluxes and susceptible to extreme weather events,which can rapidly transport materials into the sea and have a significant impact on the ecological environment of estuaries and *** order to investigate the seasonal characteristics of nutrients in small mountainous rivers in the subtropical monsoon region and the output pattern to the sea during heavy precipitation,surveys on the mountainous rivers were carried out in Baixi watershed in August 2020(wet season),March 2021(dry season)and June 2021(Meiyu period).The results showed that the dissolved inorganic nitrogen(DIN)of the rivers has an average concentration of 752μg L^(−1)in the wet season and 1472μg L^(−1)in the dry *** concentrations of dissolved inorganic phosphorus(DIP)in wet season and dry season were 63μg L^(−1)and 51μg L^(−1),*** by the changes of land use in sub-watersheds,DIN concentrations in the mainstream increased from 701μg L^(−1)in the upper reaches to 1284μg L^(−1)in the middle *** rainstorms during the Meiyu period in the watershed caused the pulse runoff in the *** maximum daily runoff reached 70 times that before *** maximum daily fluxes of DIN and DIP were 109 and 247 times that before rains,*** view that the watershed experienced several rainstorms in the wet season,the river,with pulse runoff,carries a large amount of nutrients into the sea in a short time,which will have a significant impact on the environment of Sanmen bay and its adjacent sea.

关键词： small mountainous river uneven precipitation rainstorm pulse runoff nitrogen and phosphorus

Geological conditions and reservoir characteristics of various shales in major shalehosted regions of China

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China Geology 2024年第1期7卷 138-149页

作者： Shu-jing Bao Tian-xu Guo Jin-tao Yin Wei-bin Liu Sheng-jian Wang Hao-han Li Zhi Zhou Shi-zhen Li Xiang-lin Chen The Key Laboratory of Unconventional Petroleum Geology China Geological SurveyMinistry of Natural Resources100083 BeijingChina Oil and Gas survey China Geological Survey100083 BeijingChina Research Institute of Yanchang Petroleum(Group)CO.LTD 710076 Xi’anChina

China is home to shales of three facies:Marine shale,continental shale,and marine-continental transitional *** types of shale gas are associated with significantly different formation conditions and major controlling *** study compared the geological characteristics of various shales and analyzed the influences of different parameters on the formation and accumulation of shale *** general,shales in China’s several regions exhibit high total organic carbon(TOC)contents,which lays a sound material basis for shale gas *** strata generally show high degrees of thermal *** contrast,continental shales manifest low degrees of thermal evolution,necessitating focusing on areas with relatively high degrees of thermal evolution in the process of shale gas surveys for these *** shales of the Wufeng and Silurian formations constitute the most favorable shale gas reservoirs since they exhibit the highest porosity among the three types of *** shales are followed by those in the Niutitang and Longtan *** contrast,the shales of the Doushantuo,Yanchang,and Qingshankou formations manifest low ***,the shales of the Wufeng and Longmaxi formations exhibit high brittle mineral *** a low siliceous mineral content,the shales of the Doushantuo Formation feature a high carbonate mineral content,which can increase the shales’brittleness to some *** marine-continental transitional shales,where thin interbeds of tight sandstone with unequal thicknesses are generally found,it is recommended that fracturing combined with drainage of multiple sets of lithologic strata should be employed to enhance their shale gas production.

关键词： Shale gas Marine shale Continental shale Marine-continental transitional shale Neoproterozoic-Cretaceous strata Geological conditions Reservoir characteristics Petroleum geological survey engineering

First Record of Middle Eocene Elephant Ancestors’Footprints in the Gonjo Basin,East Tibet Plateau

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Journal of Earth Science 2024年第4期35卷 1224-1235页

作者： Asma Tahir Huazhou Yao Junaid Khan Yangui Li He Zhao Yue Yu Tang Yuan Institute of Geological survey China University of GeosciencesWuhan430074China Wuhan Center China Geological SurveyWuhan430205China State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources Wuhan430078China Chengdu Center China Geological SurveyChengdu610081China Institute of Geographic Sciences and natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China

It is the first time that the fossil footprints of a group of Middle Eocene elephant ancestors have been discovered in the Gonjo Basin,East Tibet *** Gonjo Formation is attributed to the Middle Eocene Epoch(U-Pb age=44.7±1.2 Ma)and consists mainly of purplish-red,medium-to coarse-grained sandstones,siltstones interbedded with mudstones,and conglomerates with sedimentary structures like ripple marks,rip-up clasts,and trough-cross bedding,suggesting fluvial-lacustrine *** group of fossil footprints has a characteristic oval-concave shape,and the toe impressions are *** fossil footprints are overstepped with a pockmarked texture resembling Proboscipeda *** than 165 fossil footprints of the group are relatively well-preserved with different diameters,which is evidence of highly social behavior and trackmakers of different ages,including calves,juveniles,adolescents,and *** size frequency of the fossil footprints enabled us to deduce the body mass,shoulder height,and hip-height distribution of the trackmakers that crossed the East Tibet Plateau 44.7 Ma *** trackmakers comprised an estimated average hip-height of 111.8 cm,an average shoulder height of 172.8 cm for males/155.9 cm for females,and an average body mass of approximately 1218.1 kg for males/907.8 kg for *** abundance of fossil footprints reveals that in the Middle Eocene Epoch,the environment was extraordinarily conducive for the elephant ancestors to live in the East Tibet region.

关键词： Proboscipeda enigmatica East Tibet Plateau Gonjo Formation fossil footprints fluvial-lacustrine

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