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Geophysical Surveys over Karst Recharge Features,illinois,USA

Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2001年第3期75卷 249-253页

作者： Philip J.CARPENTER Shawkat AHMED Department of Geology and Environmental Geosciences 312 Davis Hall Northern Illinois University DeKalb Illinois USADepartment of Geology and Environmental Geosciences 312 Davis Hall Northern Illinois University DeKalb Illinois USA

Karst aquifers supply a significant fraction of the world's drinking water. These types of aquifers are alsohighly susceptible to pollution from the surface with recharge usually occurring through fractures and solution openings at the bedrock surface. Thickness of the protective soil cover, macropores and openings within the soil cover, and the nature of the weathered bedrock surface all influence infiltration. Recharge openings at the bedrock surface, however, are often covered by unconsolidated sediments, resulting in the inadvertent placement of landfills, unregulated dump sites, tailing piles, waste lagoons and septic systems over recharge zones. In these settings surface geophysical surveys, calibrated by a few soil cores, could be employed to identify these recharge openings, and qualitatively assess the protection afforded by the soil cover. In a test of this hypothesis, geophysical measurements accurately predicted the thickness of unconsolidated deposits overlying karstic dolomite at a site about 100 km south of Chicago, illinois. Zones of elevated electrical conductivity and high ground-penetrating radar (GPR) attenuation within the sediments coincided with subcropping solutionally-enlarged hydraulically active bedrock fractures. These fractures extend to over 12-m depth, as shown by 2-D inverted resistivity sections and soil coring. Anomalous electromagnetic (EM) conductivity and GPR response may be due to higher soil moisture above these enlarged fractures. An epikarstal conduit at 2.5-m depth was directly identified through a GPR survey. These results suggest that surface geophysical surveys are a viable tool for assessing the susceptibility of shallow karst aquifers to contamination.

关键词： karst geophysics epikarst soil pipes recharge infiltration sinkholes

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INTEGRATED ARCHITECTURAL AND ENGINEERING DESIGN STRATEGIES FOR A ZERO-ENERGY BUILDING:illinois Institute of Technology’s Design Entry for the 2018 *** of Energy Race to Zero(Solar Decathlon Design Challenge)

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Journal of Green Building 2021年第2期16卷 251-270页

作者： Edoarda Corradi Dell’Acqua Jaime Marin Eric Wright Department of Civil Architectural and Environmental EngineeringArmour College of EngineeringIllinois Institute of Technology CEM ME Mechanical&Aerospace EngineeringIllinois Institute of Technology LEED Green Associate ME Architectural EngineeringIllinois Institute of Technology

This paper describes the design of InterTech,a zero-energy mixed-use student residence hall,developed in 2018 by an interdisciplinary team of illinois Institute of Technology(illinois Tech)students for the *** of Energy Solar Decathlon Design Challenge,formerly known as Race to *** main focus is the team’s integrated and iterative approach,which blended architectural design and engineering concepts and led to achieving the high-performance *** aims to provide an innovative housing solution to illinois Institute of Technology’s graduate students and their *** along State Street in between illinois Tech’s main campus and downtown Chicago,it offers a mix of living options providing both independence and access to the campus and to the *** addition to the residential program,the project includes a small grocery/cafe con-nected to an outdoor public plaza,and an underground *** modeling was introduced in the early design *** potential of on-site renewable energy generation defined the project’s target Energy Use Intensity(EUI)of 37 kBtu/*** passive and active strategies were implemented to reduce the building’s total energy needs and meet the target *** implementation of energy conservation measures led to a 25%reduction of the building’s cooling load and a 33%reduction of the heating load.A design EUI of 28 kBtu/sqft was calculated,validating that this design met and exceeded the zero-energy goal.

关键词： zero-energy buildings integrated design high-performance buildings renewable energy systems energy analysis mixed-use buildings student housing

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Moth diversity in three biofuel crops and native prairie in illinois

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Insect Science 2013年第3期20卷 407-419页

作者： Terry Harrison May R. Berenbaum Department of Entomology University of Ilfinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana Illinois USA

The expanding demand for biofuel feedstock may lead to large-scale con- scription of land for monoculture production ofbiofuel crops with concomitant substantial negative impacts on biodiversity. We compared moth diversity in light-trap samples from corn, miscanthus, switchgrass and native prairie, to determine whether there is an observ- able relationship between plant species diversity and moth abundance and diversity. Moth alpha diversity was highest in prairie and was higher in switchgrass than in the other two biofuel crops. Beta diversity generally was low among the biofuel crops, and prairie shared lower beta diversity with switchgrass than with corn or miscanthus. Analysis of variance showed no significant differences in moth abundance per species among treatments. The alpha and beta diversity index findings are consistent with those of other studies on arthro- pods in biofuel crops and provide evidence to suggest that large-scale conversion of acreage to biofuel crops may have substantial negative effects on arthropod biodiversity both within the cropping systems and in the surrounding landscape.

关键词： agricultural landscapes biodiversity bioenergy ecosystem services moths prairies

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Agricultural impacts of longwall mine subsidence:the experience in illinois,USA and Queensland,Australia

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International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 2014年第2期1卷 207-212页

作者： Robert G.Darmody R.Bauer D.Barkley S.Clarke D.Hamilton Land Reclamation Division Illinois Natural Resources DepartmentIllinois Prairie Research InstituteUniversity of IllinoisChampaignUSA Bandanna Energy Limited and Agricultural Coexistence Research Committee BrisbaneAustralia

Unlike conventional room and pillar underground coal mining,where subsidence is designed to be prevented,subsidence is a planned outcome of other *** include high extraction retreat,where the roof supporting pillars are systematically removed,and longwall mining,which employs a machine that mines a continuous strip of coal,thus leaving no roof *** types result in the surface dropping -70% of the mined-out *** illinois there was a concern that farm land thus subsided would be lost to productive ***,the possibility that planned mine subsidence would be banned in illinois lead to the creation of the illinois Mine Subsidence Research Program in 1985 to investigate agricultural impacts of planned mine subsidence and the possibility of mitigating its *** findings established that subsidence was not as detrimental as feared and that the impacts could be *** project was a successful collaboration of state and federal governments and local ***,in Queensland,longwall mining is opposed by some in the farming *** response,Bandanna Energy,the company planning the mining,organized the Agricultural Coexistence Research Committee to oversee research into the mitigation of longwall mining *** the soils,climate,and regulatory regimes are different,concerns of the local communities are similar.

关键词： Agricultural impact Longwall mine subsidence Coal mining subsidence Subsidence mitigation

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TOWARDS AN ENERGY EFFICIENT FUTURE:THE illinois SMART ENERGY DESIGN ASSISTANCE PROGRAM

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Journal of Green Building 2007年第3期2卷 52-58页

作者： Donald Fournier Brian Deal Building Research Council University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Department of Urban and Regional Planning University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

*** Buildings and building related activities represent one of the largest energy consuming sectors in the United *** illinois,from 1950 to 1990 a population increase of approximately 2.7 million translated into dramatic natural resource consumption *** example,illinois residents currently require almost 30 million gallons of petroleum per *** to the *** of Energy,annual energy expenditures in the State have now reached over$34 billion with commercial buildings consuming over$5.6 billion *** represents an increase of over$14 billion since *** energy consumption in illinois amounts to 3.96 quadrillion BTUs,nearly two-thirds of which can be attributed to buildings and building related consumers.

关键词： consuming alone attributed

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Petrology,geochronology,and geophysical characterization of Mesoproterozoic rocks in central illinois,USA

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Geoscience Frontiers 2020年第2期11卷 581-596页

作者： Jared T.Freiburg John HMcBride David HMalone Hannes ELeetaru illinois State Geological Survey Prairie Research InstituteUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign615 E.Peabody DriveChampaignIL 61820USA University of Greifswald Institute of Geography and GeologyFriedrich-Ludwig-Jahn Str.17aD-17489 GreifswaldGermany Department of Geological Sciences Brigham Young UniversityProvoUT84602USA Department of Geography Geologyand the EnvironmentCampus Box 4400Illinois State UniversityNormalIL61790-4400USA

The Precambrian basement rocks of the Eastern Granite-Rhyolite Province(EGRP)in central illinois(midcontinent region of North America)exhibit a complex history of early volcanism,granite emplacement,and intrusion of mafic rocks.A comprehensive suite of dedicated petrographic analyses,geophysical logs,and drill core from four basement-penetrating wells,two-dimensional and three-dimensional seismic reflection data,and U-Pb age data from the illinois Basin–Decatur Project(IBDP)and illinois Carbon Capture Storage(ICCS)Project site provide new constraints for interpreting the Precambrian basement of the illinois *** new data reveal the basement to be compositionally and structurally complex,having typical EGRP felsic volcanic rocks intruded by the first reported gabbro in the Precambrian basement in ***(n?29)from rhyolite give a U-Pb weighted mean average age of 14679 ***(n?3)from a gabbro dike that intrudes the rhyolite yield a concordia age of 107312 Ma,which corresponds to Grenville-age extension and represents the first Grenville-age rock in illinois and in the EGRP.A high-resolution three-dimensional seismic reflection volume,coincident with the four wells,provides a context for interpreting the petrological data and implies a high degree of heterogeneity for basement rocks at the IBDP–ICCS site,as also shown by the drill *** occurrence of Grenville-age gabbro is related to a prominent bowl-like structure observed on local two-dimensional seismic reflection profiles and the three-dimensional volume that is interpreted as a deep-seated mafic sill ***,heterogeneities such as the brecciated EGRP rhyolite and later gabbro intrusion observed in the basement lithology at the IBDP–ICCS may reflect previously unknown distal elements of the 1.1 Ga Midcontinent Rift in the EGRP and more likely Grenville-age extension.

关键词： Eastern granite-rhyolite province Mesoproterozoic Carbon storage Reflection seismology Zircon U-Pb geochronology illinois

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How Waterways, Glacial Melt Waters, and Earthquakes Re-aligned Ancient Rivers and Changed illinois Borders

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Journal of Earth Science and Engineering 2014年第7期4卷 389-399页

作者： Kenneth R. Olson Fred Christensen College of Agricultural Consumer and Environmental Sciences University of Illinois Urbana 61801 Illinois USA University of Kentucky Lexington 40507 Kentucky USA University of illinois Urbana 61801 Illinois USA

The borders of illinois were established when illinois became a state in 1818. The western border was delineated using the Mississippi River, and the Ohio River was used as the southern border. The eastern border was formed by the Ohio and Wabash Rivers plus the line along latitude 42030＇30＇＇ connecting the Wabash River to Lake Michigan. As initially proposed, the northern border of illinois would have been 82 km （51 mi） to the south of the current longitude line of 87~31 ＇. This 2,160,000 ha （5,440,000 ac） addition to illinois resulted in the territory having the required minimum of 40,000 people to qualify as a state. The northern border was moved to allow the linkage of the Great Lakes shipping route to the illinois and Mississippi River navigation channels. illinois thus gained a valuable shoreline on Lake Michigan and a location for a shipping port hub which became Chicago. Initially the transfer of goods between these waterways required a portage, but later a shipping canal was created to link the waterways. During the Civil War, Union forces used the connected waterway systems as a northern supply route to avoid the contested Ohio River.

关键词： Waterways Mississippi River Ohio River illinois territory illinois borders.

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The information revolution in illinois:A community informatics perspective

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Journal of Library Science in China 2013年 130-146页

作者： Kate Williams University of illinois at Urbana-Champaign

Based on community informatics theory,this paper focuses on the big question of community informatics and the specific research question here is to find the social origins and development of the information revolution in the local *** investigating the uses of IT in local institutions in illinois,this study portrays the basic social footprint of the information *** are four main areas to report on:firstly,the internet speed tests reveal continuing digital divides;secondly,despite that,IT use is generally well developed,but differences persist between the IT leaders and the organization leaders;thirdly,surprising local IT origin stories can be drawn from the participants in any given town;and finally,particular networks appear to be resources for these local *** findings point to the main components of how a community has been able to cross the digital divide:Cyberorganizers,local organizations that are a base for early adoption of digital technology and the Internet,and computer literacy based on how local leaders use digital technology.

关键词： Community informatics Community information revolution illinois USA

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Genetic Control of Nitrogen Utilization in illinois Long-Term Protein Maize Strains

Genetic Control of Nitrogen Utilization in Illinois Long-Ter...

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第十二届全国植物基因组学大会

作者： Michael Zinder Marti Schneerman Steve Moose University of illinois At Urbanachampaign

Nitrogen(N) utilization is a quantitative trait,where genetic gain will be most efficient in breeding and selection programs that target highly heritable *** to grain yield,grain N concentration may be a more sensitive indicator of N *** phenotypic extremes for grain protein concentration in maize are found in the illinois Long-Term Protein Strains,products of the longest continuous plant genetics experiment in the *** in 1896,more than 100 cycles of divergent selection for grain protein concentration have created the illinois High Protein(IHP,～30%protein) and illinois Low Protein(ILP,～4%

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Geophysical Surveys over Karst Recharge Features, illinois, USA

Geophysical Surveys over Karst Recharge Features, Illinois, ...

引用

The First International Conference on Sustainable Development in Karst Regions & International Working Group Meeting of IGCP 448 World Correlation of Karst Ecosystems

作者： PhilipJ.CARPENTER ShawkatAHMED Department of Geology and Environmental Geosciences 312 Davis HallNorthern Illinois University DeKalbIllinoisUSA Department of Geology and Environmental Geosciences 312 Davis HallNorthern Illinois University DeKalbIllinoisUSA

＜正＞ Karst aquifers supply a significant fraction of the world’s drinking water. These types of aquifers are also highly susceptible to pollution from the surface with recharge usually occurring through fractures and solution openings at the bedrock surface. Thickness of the protective soil cover, macropores and openings within the soil cover, and the nature of the weathered bedrock surface all influence infiltration. Recharge openings at the bedrock surface, however, are often covered by unconsolidated sediments, resulting in the inadvertent placement of landfills, unregulated dump sites, tailing piles, waste lagoons and septic systems over recharge zones. In these settings surface geophysical surveys, calibrated by a few soil cores, could be employed to identify these recharge openings, and qualitatively assess the protection afforded by the soil cover. In a test of this hypothesis, geophysical measurements accurately predicted the thickness of unconsolidated deposits overlying karstic dolomite at a site about 100 km south of Chicago, illinois. Zones of elevated electrical conductivity and high ground-penetrating radar （GPR） attenuation within the sediments coincided with subcropping solutionally-enlarged hydraulically active bedrock fractures. These fractures extend to over 12-m depth, as shown by 2-D inverted resistivity sections and soil coring. Anomalous electromagnetic （EM） conductivity and GPR response may be due to higher soil moisture above these enlarged fractures. An epikarstal conduit at 2.5-m depth was directly identified through a GPR survey. These results suggest that surface geophysical surveys are a viable tool for assessing the susceptibility of shallow karst aquifers to contamination.

关键词： karst geophysics epikarst soil pipes recharge infiltration sinkholes

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