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Versatile strategies for adult neurogenesis:avenues to repair the injured brain

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第4期19卷 774-780页

作者： Junyi Zhao Siyu Liu Xianyuan Xiang Xinzhou Zhu The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease institute(BCBDI) Shenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences Faculty of Life and Health sciences Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen-Hong Kong institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen fundamental Research Institutions

Brain injuries due to trauma or stroke are major causes of adult death and disability.Unfortunately,few interventions are effective for post-injury repair of brain tissue.After a long debate on whether endogenous neurogenesis actually happens in the adult human brain,there is now substantial evidence to support its occurrence.Although neurogenesis is usually significantly stimulated by injury,the reparative potential of endogenous differentiation from neural stem/progenitor cells is usually insufficient.Alternatively,exogenous stem cell transplantation has shown promising results in animal models,but limitations such as poor long-term survival and inefficient neuronal differentiation make it still challenging for clinical use.Recently,a high focus was placed on glia-to-neuron conversion under single-factor regulation.Despite some inspiring results,the validity of this strategy is still controversial.In this review,we summarize historical findings and recent advances on neurogenesis strategies for neurorepair after brain injury.We also discuss their advantages and drawbacks,as to provide a comprehensive account of their potentials for further studies.

关键词： adult neurogenesis glia-to-neuron conversion ischemic stroke neurogenic niche neuroinflammation stem cell transplantation traumatic brain injury

Symbology of Feynman integrals from twistor geometries

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第3期67卷 44-59页

作者： Song He Jiahao Liu Yichao Tang Qinglin Yang School of fundamental Physics and Mathematical sciences Hangzhou Institute for Advanced StudyUCASHangzhou 310024China CAS Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics Institute of Theoretical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China International Centre for Theoretical Physics Asia-Pacific Beijing 100049 Peng Huanwu Center for fundamental Theory Hefei 230026China School of Physical sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

We study the symbology of planar Feynman integrals in dimensional regularization by considering geometric configurations in momentum twistor space corresponding to their leading singularities(LS). Cutting propagators in momentum twistor space amounts to intersecting lines associated with loop and external dual momenta, including the special line associated with the point at infinity, which breaks dual conformal symmetry. We show that cross-ratios of intersection points on these lines, especially those on the infinity line, naturally produce symbol letters for Feynman integrals in D = 4-2∈, which include and generalize their LS. At one loop, we obtain all symbol letters using intersection points from quadruple cuts for integrals up to pentagon kinematics with two massive corners, which agree perfectly with canonical differential equation(CDE) results. We then obtain all two-loop letters, for up to four-mass box and one-mass pentagon kinematics, by considering more intersections arising from two-loop cuts. Finally we comment on how cluster algebras appear from this construction, and importantly how we may extend the method to non-planar integrals.

关键词： Feynman integrals symbol letters twistor geometry

Indium-based electrocatalysts for CO_(2) reduction to C1 products

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第6期35卷 134-145页

作者： Qin Cheng Ming Huang Qingqing Ye Bangwei Deng Fan Dong Research Center for Carbon-Neutral Environmental&Energy Technology Institute of Fundamental and Frontier SciencesUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 611731China Yangtze Delta Region institute(Huzhou)&institute of fundamental and Frontier sciences University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaHuzhou 313000China Suzhou Industrial Technology Research institute of Zhejiang University Suzhou 215163China

Electrocatalytic CO_(2) reduction at mild conditions is a promising strategy to transform greenhouse gases into fuels or value-added chemicals to solve the increasingly serious environmental and energy problems.The most crucial factor in determining the CO_(2) reduction performance is to develop efficient electrocatalysts with high selectivity and stability.Among the various electrocatalysts,indium-based catalysts have attracted extensive attention due to their non-toxicity,low cost,and high formic acid/formate selectivity.In this work,we comprehensively review the recent development and research progress of indium-based electrocatalysts for CO_(2)RR.The reaction mechanism,reaction pathways,structure-activity relationship,and strategies to enhance the activity of CO_(2)RR on indium-based catalysts have also been briefly presented and discussed.Finally,the existing challenges and future developments for indium-based highperformance catalysts for CO_(2)RR are proposed.

关键词： Electrocatalytic CO_(2)reduction In-based catalysts Formate Reaction mechanism Structure-activity relationship

Multi-region calcium imaging in freely behaving mice with ultra-compact head-mounted fluorescence microscopes

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National Science Review 2024年第1期11卷 161-173页

作者： Feng Xue Fei Li Ke-ming Zhang Lufeng Ding Yang Wang Xingtao Zhao Fang Xu Danke Zhang Mingzhai Sun Pak-Ming Lau Qingyuan Zhu Pengcheng Zhou Guo-Qiang Bi institute of Artiflcial Intelligence Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instruments University of Science and Technology of China Hefei National Laboratory for Physical sciences at the Microscale University of Science and Technology of China Interdisciplinary Center for Brain Information the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Faculty of Life and Health sciences Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Life sciences University of Science and Technology of China institute of Semiconductors Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Modern Life sciences and Biotecnology Xiongan Institute of Innovation Xiongan New Area Shenzhen-Hong Kong institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen fundamental Research Institutions Suzhou institute for Advanced Research University of Science and Technology of China

To investigate the circuit-level neural mechanisms of behavior, simultaneous imaging of neuronal activity in multiple cortical and subcortical regions is highly desired. Miniature head-mounted microscopes offer the capability of calcium imaging in freely behaving animals. However, implanting multiple microscopes on a mouse brain remains challenging due to space constraints and the cumbersome weight of the equipment.Here, we present TINIscope, a Tightly Integrated Neuronal Imaging microscope optimized for electronic and opto-mechanical design. With its compact and lightweight design of 0.43 g, TINIscope enables unprecedented simultaneous imaging of behavior-relevant activity in up to four brain regions in mice.Proof-of-concept experiments with TINIscope recorded over 1000 neurons in four hippocampal subregions and revealed concurrent activity patterns spanning across these regions. Moreover, we explored potential multi-modal experimental designs by integrating additional modules for optogenetics, electrical stimulation or local field potential recordings. Overall, TINIscope represents a timely and indispensable tool for studying the brain-wide interregional coordination that underlies unrestrained behaviors.

关键词： miniature microscope multiple sites calcium imaging multimodal integration hippocampus

Vanadium oxide nanospheres encapsulated in N-doped carbon nanofibers with morphology and defect dual-engineering toward advanced aqueous zinc-ion batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第2期89卷 599-609,I0013页

作者： Yunfei Song Laiying Jing Rutian Wang Jiaxi Cui Mei Li Yunqiang Zhang School of Materials Science and Engineering Qilu University of Technology(Shandong Academy of Sciences)Jinan 250353ShandongChina institute of fundamental and Frontier sciences University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 610054SichuanChina

Vanadium-based electrodes are regarded as attractive cathode materials in aqueous zinc ion batteries(ZIBs)caused by their high capacity and unique layered structure.However,it is extremely challenging to acquire high electrochemical performance owing to the limited electronic conductivity,sluggish ion kinetics,and severe volume expansion during the insertion/extraction process of Zn^(2+).Herein,a series of V_(2)O_(3)nanospheres embedded N-doped carbon nanofiber structures with various V_(2)O_(3)spherical morphologies(solid,core-shell,hollow)have been designed for the first time by an electrospinning technique followed thermal treatments.The N-doped carbon nanofibers not only improve the electrical conductivity and the structural stability,but also provides encapsulating shells to prevent the vanadium dissolution and aggregation of V_(2)O_(3)particles.Furthermore,the varied morphological structures of V_(2)O_(3)with abundant oxygen vacancies can alleviate the volume change and increase the Zn^(2+)pathway.Besides,the phase transition between V_(2)O_(3)and Zn_XV_(2)O_(5-m)·n H_(2)O in the cycling was also certified.As a result,the as-obtained composite delivers excellent long-term cycle stability and enhanced rate performance for coin cells,which is also confirmed through density functional theory(DFT)calculations.Even assembled into flexible ZIBs,the sample still exhibits superior electrochemical performance,which may afford new design concept for flexible cathode materials of ZIBs.

关键词： Aqueous zinc ion batteries Vanadium trioxide Oxygen vacancy Structure evolution Phase optimization

Advances in All-Solid-State Lithium-Sulfur Batteries for Commercialization

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第9期16卷 209-246页

作者： Birhanu Bayissa Gicha Lemma Teshome Tufa Njemuwa Nwaji Xiaojun Hu Jaebeom Lee Research institute of Materials Chemistry Chungnam National UniversityDaejeon 34134Republic of Korea institute of fundamental Technological Research Polish Academy of Sciences02‑106 WarsawPoland School of Life sciences Shanghai University200444 ShanghaiPeople’s Republic of China Department of Chemistry Chungnam National UniversityDaejeon 34134Republic of Korea

Solid-state batteries are commonly acknowledged as the forthcoming evolution in energy storage technologies.Recent development progress for these rechargeable batteries has notably accelerated their trajectory toward achieving commercial feasibility.In particular,all-solid-state lithium-sulfur batteries(ASSLSBs)that rely on lithium-sulfur reversible redox processes exhibit immense potential as an energy storage system,surpassing conventional lithium-ion batteries.This can be attributed predominantly to their exceptional energy density,extended operational lifespan,and heightened safety attributes.Despite these advantages,the adoption of ASSLSBs in the commercial sector has been sluggish.To expedite research and development in this particular area,this article provides a thorough review of the current state of ASSLSBs.We delve into an in-depth analysis of the rationale behind transitioning to ASSLSBs,explore the fundamental scientific principles involved,and provide a comprehensive evaluation of the main challenges faced by ASSLSBs.We suggest that future research in this field should prioritize plummeting the presence of inactive substances,adopting electrodes with optimum performance,minimizing interfacial resistance,and designing a scalable fabrication approach to facilitate the commercialization of ASSLSBs.

关键词： All-solid-state lithium-sulfur batteries Commercialization Enhancement strategies Solid-state electrolytes Sulfurbased cathodes

Color-kinematics duality and dual conformal symmetry for a four-loop form factor in N=4 SYM

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第4期67卷 64-71页

作者： Guanda Lin Gang Yang Siyuan Zhang CAS Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics Institute of Theoretical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Physical sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China School of fundamental Physics and Mathematical sciences Hangzhou Institute for Advanced StudyUCASHangzhou 310024China International Centre for Theoretical Physics Asia-Pacific Beijing/Hangzhou 310024China

We obtain the integrand of full-color four-loop three-point form factor of the stress-tensor supermultiplet in N=4 SYM,based on the color-kinematics(CK)duality and generalized unitarity method.Our result not only manifests all dual Jacobi relations via CK duality but also contains 133 free parameters.This suggests the constructibility of the form factor at even higher loops via CK duality.We also find that the planar form factor has a hidden dual conformal symmetry in the lightlike limit of the operator momentum,which is checked up to four loops.

关键词： S-matrix supersymmetric model perturbative calculations

Impacts of gravitational-wave background from supermassive black hole binaries on the detection of compact binaries by LISA

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Chinese Physics C 2024年第6期48卷 198-203页

作者：黄帆毕研晨曹周键黄庆国 CAS Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics Institute of Theoretical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Physical sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China institute of Applied Mathematics Academy of Mathematics and Systems ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of fundamental Physics and Mathematical sciences Hangzhou Institute for Advanced StudyUCASHangzhou 310024China

In the frequency band of the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna(LISA),extensive research has been conducted on the impact of foreground confusion noise generated by galactic binaries within the Milky Way Galaxy.Additionally,recent evidence of a stochastic signal,announced by the NANOGrav,EPTA,PPTA,CPTA,and InPTA,indicates that the stochastic gravitational-wave background(SGWB)generated by supermassive black hole binaries(SMBHBs)can contribute strong background noise within the LISA band.Given the presence of such strong noise,it is expected to have significant impacts on LISA's scientific missions.In this study,we investigate the impacts of the SGWB generated by SMBHBs on the detection of individual massive black hole binaries,verified galactic binaries,and extreme mass ratio inspirals in the context of LISA.We find it essential to resolve and eliminate the excess noise from the SGWB to guarantee the success of LISA's missions.

关键词： gravitational-wave background supermassive black hole binaries LISA

Time-reversal asymmetries in Λ_(b)→Λ(→pπ^(−))ℓ^(+)ℓ^(−)

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Chinese Physics C 2024年第3期48卷 1-14页

作者：耿朝强刘佳韦魏正乙 School of fundamental Physics and Mathematical sciences Hangzhou Institute for Advanced StudyUCASHangzhou 310024China University of Chinese Academy of sciences Beijing 100190China CAS Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics Institute of Theoretical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

We study the decays ofΛb→Λ(→pπ^(−))ℓ^(+)ℓ^(−)withℓ=(e,μ,τ).We examine the full angular distributions with polarizedΛb,where the T-odd observables are identified.We discuss the possible effects of new physics(NP)and find that the T-odd observables are sensitive to them as they vanish in the standard model.Special attention is given to the interference of(pseudo)scalar operators with(axial)vector operators in polarized Λ_(b)→Λ(→pπ^(−))τ^(+)τ^(−),which are studied for the first time.Their effects are proportional to the lepton masses and therefore may evade the constraint from Λ_(b)→Λ(→pπ^(−))μ^(+)μ^(−) at the LHCb naturally.AsΛ_(b)→Λ(→pπ^(−))τ^(+)τ^(−) is uncontaminated by the charmonia resonance,it provides a clean background to probe NP.In addition,we show that the experimental central value of K10 in Λ_(b)→Λ(→pπ^(−))μ^(+)μ^(−) at the LHCb can be explained by the NP case,which couples to the right-handed quarks and leptons.The polarization fraction of Λ_(b) at the LHCb is found to be consistent with zero regardless of the NP scenarios.

关键词： time reversal asymmetry angular distribution new physics T-odd correlation