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The Arabidopsis DSO/ABCG 11 Transporter Affects Cutin Metabolism in Reproductive Organs and Suberin in Roots

Molecular Plant 2010年第3期3卷 563-575页

作者： David Panikashvili Jian Xin Shi Samuel Bocobza Rochus Benni Franke Lukas Schreiber Asaph Aharoni Department of Plant Sciences Weizrnann Institute of Science PO Box 26 Rehovot 76100 Israel Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany (izmb) Department of Ecophysiology Kirschallee 1 University of Bonn D-53115 Bonn Germany

Apart from its significance in the protection against stress conditions, the cuticular cover is essential for proper development of the diverse surface structures formed on aerial plant organs. This layer mainly consists of a cutin matrix, embedded and overlaid with cuticular waxes, Following their biosynthesis in epidermal cells, cutin and waxes were suggested to be exported across the plasma membrane by ABCG-type transporters such as DSO/ABCG11 to the cell wall and further to extracellular matrix. Here, additional aspects of DSO/ABCG11 function were investigated, predomi- nantly in reproductive organs, which were not revealed in the previous reports. This was facilitated by the generation of a transgenic DSO/ABCG11 silenced line （dso-4） that displayed relatively subtle morphological and chemical phenotypes. These included altered petal and silique morphology, fusion of seeds, and changes in levels of cutin monomers in flowers and siliques. The dso-4 phenotypes corresponded to the strong DSO/ABCG11 gene expression in the embryo epidermis as well as in the endosperm tissues of the developing seeds. Moreover, the DSO/ABCG11 protein displayed polar localization in the embryo protoderm. Transcriptome analysis of the dso-4 mutant leaves and stems showed that reduced DSO/ABCG11 activity suppressed the expression of a large number of cuticle-associated genes, implying that export of cuticular lipids from the plasma membrane is a rate-limiting step in cuticle metabolism. Surprisingly, root suberin composition of dso-4 was altered, as well as root expression of two suberin biosynthetic genes. Taken together, this study provides new insights into cutin and suberin metabolism and their role in reproductive organs and roots development.

关键词： Arabidopsis transporters flower cutin waxes suberin.

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Life is more than a computer running DNA software

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World Journal of Biological Chemistry 2014年第3期5卷 275-278页

作者： Frantiek Baluka Guenther Witzany izmb University of Bonn Telos-Philosophische Praxis

In his recent interview for the Guardian Craig Venter is elaborating about a household appliance for the future, Digital Biological Converter(DBC). Current prototype, which can produce DNA, is a box attached to the computer which receives DNA sequences over the internet to synthesize DNA; later in future also viruses, proteins, and living cells. This would help the household members to produce, e.g., insulin, virus vaccines or phages that fight antibiotic resistant bacteria. In more distant future, Craig Venter's hope is that the DBC will generate living cells via so-called "Universal Recipient Cell". This platform will allow digitally transformed genomes, downloaded from the internet, to form new cells fitted for the particular needs such as therapeutics, food, fuel or cleaning water. In contrast to this, the authors propose that DNA sequences of genomes do not represent 1:1 depictions of unequivocal coding structures such as genes. In light of the variety of epigenetic markings, DNA can store a multitude of further meanings hidden under the superficial grammar of nucleic acid sequences.

关键词： DNA Genome Information Life Non-coding RNA Synthetic biology Virus

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At the dawn of a new revolution in life sciences

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World Journal of Biological Chemistry 2013年第2期4卷 13-15页

作者： Frantiek Baluka Guenther Witzany izmb University of Bonn Telos-Philosophische Praxis

In a recently published article Sydney Brenner argued that the most relevant scientific revolution in biology at his time was the breakthrough of the role of "information" in *** fundamental concept that integrates this new biological "information" with matter and energy is the universal Turing machine and von Neumann's self-reproducing *** this article we demonstrate that in contrast to Turing/von Neumann machines living cells can really reproduce *** current knowledge on the roles of noncoding RNAs indicates a radical violation of the central dogma of molecular biology and opens the way to a new revolution in life sciences.

关键词： History of science Paradigm shift Information Non-coding RNAs

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TOM9.2 Is a Calmodulin-Binding Protein Critical for TOM Complex Assembly but Not for Mitochondrial Protein Import in Arabidopsis thaliana

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Molecular Plant 2017年第4期10卷 575-589页

作者： Nargis Parvin Chris Carrie Isabelle Pabst Antonia Laber Debabrata Laha Melanie V. Paul Peter Geigenberger Ralf Heermann Kirsten Jung Ute C. Vothknecht Fatima Chigri Department Biology I Botany Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich GroBhaderner Stra6e 2-4 82152 Martinsried Germany Department Biology 1 Microbiology Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich Grobhaderner Strabe 2-4 82152 Martinsried Germany Department of Biology Center for Integrated Protein Science (Munich) Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich 81377 Munich Germany Center for Plant Molecular Biology Plant Physiology University of Tuebingen Auf der Morgenstelle 32 72076 Tuebingen Germany present address: Plant Cell Biology IZMB University of Bonn Kirschallee 153115 Bonn Germany Present address: Center for Plant Molecular Biology Developmental Genetics University of Tubingen Auf der Morgenstelle 32 72076 Tubingen Germany

The translocon on the outer membrane of mitochondria （TOM） facilitates the import of nuclear-encoded proteins. The principal machinery of mitochondrial protein transport seems conserved in eukaryotes; however, divergence in the composition and structure of TOM components has been observed between mammals, yeast, and plants. TOM9, the plant homolog of yeast Tom22, is significantly smaller due to a truncation in the cytosolic receptor domain, and its precise function is not understood. Here we provide evidence showing that TOM9.2 from Arabidopsis thaliana is involved in the formation of mature TOM com- plex, most likely by influencing the assembly of the pore-forming subunit TOM40. Dexamethasone- induced RNAi gene silencing of TOM9.2 results in a severe reduction in the mature TOM complex, and the assembly of newly imported TOM40 into the complex is impaired. Nevertheless, mutant plants are fully viable and no obvious downstream effects of the loss of TOM complex, i.e., on mitochondrial import ca- pacity, were observed. Furthermore, we found that TOM9.2 can bind calmodulin （CAM） in vitro and that CaM impairs the assembly of TOM complex in the isolated wild-type mitochondria, suggesting a regula- tory role of TOM9.2 and a possible integration of TOM assembly into the cellular calcium signaling network.

关键词： protein import plant mitochondria TOM complex calmodulin calcium signaling

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The Expansion and Diversification of Pentatricopeptide Repeat RNA-Editing Factors in Plants

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Molecular Plant 2020年第2期13卷 215-230页

作者： Bernard Gutmann Santana Royan Mareike Schallenberg-Rudinger Henning Lenz Ian R.Castleden Rose McDowell Michael AVacher Julian Tonti-Filippini Charles SBond Volker Knoop Ian D.Small Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology The University of Western AustraliaCrawleyPerth 6009WAAustralia School of Molecular Sciences The University of Western AustraliaCrawleyPerth 6009WAAustralia izmb-Institut fur Zellulare und Molekulare Botanik Abteilung Molekulare EvolutionUniversitat BonnKirschallee 153115 BonnGermany Present address:EditForce Inc. West zone#429Kyushu University744 MotookaNishi-KuFukuokaJapan Present address:IBG-2:Plant Sciences Forschungszentrum Jiilich GmbH52425 JulichGermany Present address:Australian eHealth Research Centre Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research OrganisationFloreatPerth 6014WAAustralia

The RNA-binding pentatricopeptide repeat(PPR)family comprises hundreds to thousands of genes in most plants,but only a few dozen in algae,indicating massive gene expansions during land plant *** nature and timing of these expansions has not been well defined due to the sparse sequence data available from early-diverging land plant *** this study,we exploit the comprehensive OneKP datasets of over 1000 transcriptomes from diverse plants and algae toward establishing a clear picture of the evolution of this massive gene family,focusing on the proteins typically associated with RNA editing,which show the most spectacular variation in numbers and domain composition across the plant *** characterize over 2250000 PPR motifs in over 400000 *** lycophytes,polypod ferns,and hornworts,nearly 10%of expressed protein-coding genes encode putative PPR editing factors,whereas they are absent from algae and complex-thalloid *** show that rather than a single expansion,most land plant lineages with high numbers of editing factors have continued to generate novel sequence *** identify sequence variations that imply functional differences between PPR proteins in seed plants versus non-seed plants and variations we propose to be linked to seed-plant-specific editing ***,using the sequence variations across the datasets,we develop a structural model of the catalytic DYW domain associated with C-to-U editing and identify a clade of unique DYW variants that are strong candidates as U-to-C RNA-editing factors,given their phylogenetic distribution and sequence characteristics.

关键词： RNA editing RNA-binding protein organelles

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Arabidopsis Synaptotagmin 2 Participates in Pollen Germination and Tube Growth and Is Delivered to Plasma Membrane via Conventional Secretion

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Molecular Plant 2015年第12期8卷 1737-1750页

作者： Hui Wang Shengcheng Han Wei Siao Chunqing Song Yun Xiang Xiaorong Wu Pengyu Cheng Hongjuan Li JAn Jasik Karol Micieta JAn Turna Boris Voigtt Frantisek Baluska Jin Liu Yingdian Wang Heping Zhao Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development College of Life Science Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China Department of Plant Cell Biology IZMB University of Bonn Kirschallee 153115 Bonn Germany School of Life Science Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China Comenius University Science Park Comenius University Bratislava Mlynska dolina 842 15 Bratislava 4 Slovakia Department of Botany Faculty of Natural Sciences Comenius University Revova 39 811 02 Bratislava 1 SIovakia Department of Botany Faculty of Natural Sciences Comenius University Revova 39 811 02 Bratislava 1 Slovakia Institute of Botany Slovak Academy of Sciences Dubravska cesta 9 SK-84523 Bratislava Slovak Republic These authors contributed equally to this article. present address: Office of Teaching Affairs Handan University Handan 056005 China

Arabidopsis synaptotagmin 2 （SYT2） has been reported to participate in an unconventional secretory pathway in somatic cells. Our results showed that SYT2 was expressed mainly in the pollen ofArabidopsis thaliana. The pollen of syt2 T-DNA and RNA interference mutant lines exhibited reduced total germination and impeded pollen tube growth. Analysis of the expression of SYT2-GFP fusion protein in the pollen tube indicates that SYT2 was localized to distinct, patchy compartments but could co-localize with the Golgi markers, BODIPY TR C5 ceramide and GmManl-mCherry. However, SYT2-DsRed-E5 was localized to the plasma membrane in Arabidopsis suspension cells, in addition to the Golgi apparatus. The localization of SYT2 at the plasma membrane was further supported by immunofluorescence staining in pollen tubes. Moreover, brefeldin A treatment inhibited the transport of SYT2 to the plasma membrane and caused SYT2 to aggregate and form enlarged compartments. Truncation of the SYT2-C2AB domains also resulted in retention of SYT2 in the Golgi apparatus. An in vitro phospholipid-binding assay showed that SYT2-C2AB domains bind to the phospholipid membrane in a calcium-dependent manner. Take together, our results indicated that SYT2 was required for pollen germination and pollen tube growth, and was involved in conventional exocytosis.

关键词： synaptotagmins pollen germination calcium-dependent phospholipid binding C2 domains conventional secretion

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