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Integrative Zoology 2024年第3期19卷 458-467页

作者： Roman SHARNUUD Eric I.AMECA MOE Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science&Ecological Engineering College of Life SciencesBeijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina Climate Change Specialist Group Species Survival CommissionInternational Union for Conservation of NatureGlandSwitzerland

A significant research focus is placed on identifying animal species and areas at future risk to human-induced alterations of the environment and long-term changes in climatic ***,the extent to which exposure to extreme climatic events and intense human pressure can increase the risk of harmful impacts on species remains poorly *** on terrestrial mammals in China,one of the world’s megadiverse countries,we investigated patterns of contemporary exposure to floods and human pressures and determined their taxonomic representation and distribution across three major area-based conservation schemes,namely,national nature reserves(NNRs),priority areas for biodiversity conservation(PABCs),and key biodiversity areas(KBAs).Among the 440 species assessed with moderate or high exposure to floods,327(∼75%)also qualified as moderate or high in exposure to intense human *** species mainly belong to the orders Chiroptera,Eulipotyphla,and ***,there were 305,311,and 311 species with moderate or high exposure to flood and intense human pressure represented across NNRs,PABCs,and KBAs,*** findings support the prioritization of KBAs for expansion of site-based protection efforts such as NNRs in China,considering threats to species from exposure to adverse effects from both extreme climate and human pressure.

关键词： conservation floods human pressure mammals taxonomy

Systems or species? Approaches to conservation for the 21st century

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Integrative Zoology 2006年第2期1卷 86-95页

作者： Jeffrey A.McNEELY iucn-The world conservation union GlandSwitzerland

One of the hot debates in the conservation community is whether to focus on individual species(for example,through species recovery plans,or lists of threatened species)or on systems approaches(such as the ecosystem approach advocated by the Convention on Biological Diversity).This paper will discuss some of the various options,before reaching a conclusion that both approaches are valid and mutually reinforcing,and that the dichotomy is a false *** more importantly,no conservation investment is likely to be effective if economic,social,and political factors are driving in the opposite ***,we need multiple approaches that build a stronger political constituency,new ways of providing knowledge for decisions,better ways of mobilizing information and dynamic approaches that enable us to adapt to changing conditions,and new ways to generate funding for conservation.

关键词： biodiversity conservation ecosystem approach protected areas species

A zoological perspective on payments for ecosystem services

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Integrative Zoology 2007年第2期2卷 68-78页

作者： Jeffrey A.McNEELY iucn–The world conservation union GlandSwitzerland

The concept of payments for ecosystem services is being developed as an important means of providing a more diverse flow of benefits to people living in and around habitats valuable for *** Kyoto Protocol,under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change,includes a Clean Development Mechanism to provide for payments for certain forms of carbon sequestration that may benefit animal species(at least as an incidental benefit).Other market-based approaches for paying for carbon sequestration services outside the Kyoto framework are being promoted in various parts of the *** common form of payment for ecosystem services is compensating upstream landowners for managing their land in ways that maintain downstream water quality;this can include habitat management that benefits wild animal *** biodiversity itself is difficult to value,it can be linked to other markets,such as certification in the case of sustainably-produced forest *** paper expands on some of the markets for ecosystem services that also benefit wildlife,identifies relevant sources of information,and highlights some of the initiatives linking such markets to poverty *** markets work for ecosystem services requires an appropriate policy framework,government support,operational institutional support,and innovation at scales from the site level to the national *** have much to contribute to all of these steps.

关键词： biodiversity carbon trading ecosystem services payments watersheds

Using economic instruments to overcome obstacles to in situ conservation of biodiversity

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Integrative Zoology 2006年第1期1卷 25-31页

作者： Jeffrey A.McNEELY iucn-The world conservation union GlandSwitzerland

The leading direct cause of the loss of biodiversity is habitat alteration and *** we are to address this cause directly,we need to find ways of changing the behavior of rural *** has shown that this is done most effectively through the use of economic instruments,ranging from taxes that discourage over-exploitation,to direct payments for conservation activities carried out by rural land-owners or those occupying the *** many parts of the world,governments provide incentives such as tax breaks to private *** countries recognize specific use rights on particular parts of the land,enabling the land-owners to earn appropriate *** many protected areas have resident human populations,it is especially important that they be encouraged to contribute to the objectives of the protected area,and economic incentives offer an important way of doing so;they might,for example,be given employment in the protected area or in associated tourism *** payments to farmers for conserving watersheds is becoming increasingly popular,in both developed and developing *** conservation will require both removing perverse subsidies and developing a wide range of approaches for rewarding land-owners for biodiversity conservation activities.

关键词： ecosystem services incentives indigenous peoples protected areas resource rights

Climate change and invasive species:double jeopardy

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Integrative Zoology 2010年第2期5卷 102-111页

作者： Susan A.MAINKA Geoffrey W.HOWARD Science and Learning Unit International Union for Conservation of NatureGlandSwitzerland Regional Office for Eastern and Southern Africa International Union for Conservation of NatureNairobiKenya

Two of the key drivers of biodiversity loss today are climate change and invasive *** change is already having a measurable impact on species distributions,reproduction and behavior,and all evidence suggests that things will get worse even if we act tomorrow to mitigate any future increases in greenhouse gas emissions:temperature will increase,precipitation will change,sea level will rise and ocean chemistry will *** the same time,biological invasions remain an important threat to biodiversity,causing species loss,changes in distribution and habitat *** together,the impacts of each of these drivers of change are compounded and interactions between these two threats present even greater challenges to field conservationists as well as ***,the social and economic impacts of climate change and invasive species,already substantial,will be *** of the links between the two should underpin all biodiversity management planning and policy.

关键词： climate change ecosystem management invasive species

Tapir health and conservation medicine

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Integrative Zoology 2012年第4期7卷 331-345页

作者： Paulo Rogerio MANGINI Emilia Patrícia MEDICI Renata Carolina FERNANDES-SANTOS Lowland Tapir conservation Initiative IPÊ-Institute for Ecological ResearchNazaréPaulistaSão PauloBrazil Brazilian Institute for conservation Medicine-TRÍADE RecifePernambucoBrazil iucn/SSC Tapir Specialist Group(TSG) GlandSwitzerland iucn/SSC Wildlife Health Specialist Group(WHSG) New YorkNYUSA iucn/SSC Peccary Specialist Group(PSG) GlandSwitzerland Escola Superior de Conservação Ambiental e Sustentabilidade(ESCAS/IPÊ) NazaréPaulistaSão PauloBrazil iucn/SSC conservation Breeding Specialist Group(CBSG) Brazil NetworkCampo GrandeBrazil

Tapirs have unique nutritional needs,as well as anatomical,physiological,behavioral and ecological adapta-tions that must be considered when managing their health,both in the wild and in *** about how tapirs live in their natural habitats can provide crucial knowledge to prevent many of the health problems found in captivity such as infectious and parasitic diseases,reproductive issues and nutritional and behavior-al ***,proper management in captivity can significantly contribute to in situ conservation *** medicine is a science created to address the global health crisis that jeopardizes biodiver-sity causing imbalances among ecosystem,human,animal and vegetal *** this context,common threats to tapir health and conservation,such as isolated and small populations surrounded by human activity,chemical pollution,domestic animals and their pathogenic agents,need to be better *** manuscript provides information about the health of tapirs both in captivity and in the wild and aims to encourage tapir conservation-ists worldwide to gather information about pathogen and disease dynamics and manifestation,as well as impli-cations for tapir conservation.

关键词： captive management conservation medicine tapirs wildlife health

Biodiversity, conservation and Protected Areas can Contribute to Development in Asia： how Local Communities

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生物多样性 1994年第B11期2卷 75-87页

作者： JEFFREY A. McNEELY Chief Biodiversity Officer iucn 1196 gland Swizerland

Population viability analysis: using a modeling tool to assess the viability of tapir populations in fragmented landscapes

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Integrative Zoology 2012年第4期7卷 356-372页

作者： Emília Patrícia MEDICI Arnaud Leonard Jean DESBIEZ Lowland Tapir conservation Initiative IPÊ-Institute for Ecological ResearchNazaréPaulistaSão PauloBrazil iucn/SSC Tapir Specialist Group(TSG) GlandSwitzerland Escola Superior de Conservação Ambiental e Sustentabilidade(ESCAS/IPÊ) NazaréPaulistaSão PauloBrazil iucn/SSC conservation Breeding Specialist Group(CBSG) Brazil NetworkCampo GrandeMSBrazil Royal Zoological Society of Scotland EdinburghScotland

A population viability analysis(PVA)was conducted of the lowland tapir populations in the Atlantic Forest of the Pontal do Paranapanema region,Brazil,including Morro do Diabo State Park(MDSP)and surrounding forest *** from the model projected that the population of 126 tapirs in MDSP is likely to per-sist over the next 100 years;however,200 tapirs would be required to maintain a viable ***-ity analysis showed that sub-adult mortality and adult mortality have the strongest influence on the dynamics of lowland tapir *** road-kill has a major impact on the MDSP tapir population and can lead to population *** modeling showed that dispersal of tapirs from MDSP to the surrounding fragments can be detrimental to the overall metapopulation,as fragments act as ***,the model showed that under certain conditions the maintenance of the metapopulation dynamics might be determinant for the persistence of tapirs in the region,particularly in the smaller *** establishment of corridors con-necting MDSP to the forest fragments models resulted in an increase in the stochastic growth rate,making ta-pirs more resilient to threats and catastrophes,but only if rates of mortality were not increased when using *** PVA showed that the conservation of tapirs in the Pontal region depends on:the effective protection of MDSP;maintenance and,whenever possible,enhancement of the functional connectivity of the landscape,reducing mortality during dispersal and threats in the unprotected forest fragments;and neutralization of all threats affecting tapirs in the smaller forest fragments.

关键词： Atlantic Forest fragmentation lowland tapir minimum viable population population viability analysis

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水坝与自然:为生命调剂充足的水

产业与环境 2005年第1期27卷 28-31页

作者： Achim Steiner Ger Bergkamp 杨洋 Director General iucn-The world conservation union and Co-ordinator Water and Nature Initiative iucn-The world conservation union Rue Mauverney 281196 GlandSwitzerland

世界水坝委员会已经提议未来的决策要立足于5个核心价值取向:公平、效率、参与决策、可持续与负责任.它还提议了7项战略优先措施.本文针对焦点在"持续的河流与生计"的战略优先措施进行审查.该战略的一个关键元素是"环境流"的建立,所谓... 详细信息

世界水坝委员会已经提议未来的决策要立足于5个核心价值取向:公平、效率、参与决策、可持续与负责任.它还提议了7项战略优先措施.本文针对焦点在"持续的河流与生计"的战略优先措施进行审查.该战略的一个关键元素是"环境流"的建立,所谓环境流就是为下游的社会、经济利益和生态系统留下充分的水.只有当科学信息与透明的协商过程结合在一起的时候,环境流才能够建立起来.适用的立法与激励机制也需要到位.

关键词：水坝调剂生命价值取向关键元素生态系统经济利益协商过程科学信息激励机制委员会可持续对焦点环境决策优先社会

亚洲的生物多样性及竹类遗传资源：就地保护,社区保护和易地保护

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生物多样性 1999年第1期7卷 38-51页

作者： Mcve.,JA iucn-the world conservation union gland 瑞典

'Their strength, lightness, smoothness, straightness, roundness, and hollowness, the facility and regularity with which they can be split, their many different sizes, the varying length of their joints, the ease with which they can be cut and with which holes can be made through them, their hardness outside, their freedom from any pronounced taste or smell,their great abundance, and the rapidity of their growth and increase, are all qualities which render them useful for a hundred different purposes, to serve with other materials which require much more labour and preparation. The bamboo is one of the most wonderful and most beautiful productions of the tropics.' (Alfred Russel Wallace, 1869).

关键词：生物多样性竹遗传资源保护