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Population viability analysis: using a modeling tool to assess the viability of tapir populations in fragmented landscapes

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Integrative Zoology 2012年第4期7卷 356-372页

作者： Emília Patrícia MEDICI Arnaud Leonard Jean DESBIEZ Lowland tapir Conservation Initiative IPÊ-Institute for Ecological ResearchNazaréPaulistaSão PauloBrazil iucn/ssc tapir specialist group(TSG) GlandSwitzerland Escola Superior de Conservação Ambiental e Sustentabilidade(ESCAS/IPÊ) NazaréPaulistaSão PauloBrazil iucn/ssc Conservation Breeding specialist group(CBSG) Brazil NetworkCampo GrandeMSBrazil Royal Zoological Society of Scotland EdinburghScotland

A population viability analysis(PVA)was conducted of the lowland tapir populations in the Atlantic Forest of the Pontal do Paranapanema region,Brazil,including Morro do Diabo State Park(MDSP)and surrounding forest *** from the model projected that the population of 126 tapirs in MDSP is likely to per-sist over the next 100 years;however,200 tapirs would be required to maintain a viable ***-ity analysis showed that sub-adult mortality and adult mortality have the strongest influence on the dynamics of lowland tapir *** road-kill has a major impact on the MDSP tapir population and can lead to population *** modeling showed that dispersal of tapirs from MDSP to the surrounding fragments can be detrimental to the overall metapopulation,as fragments act as ***,the model showed that under certain conditions the maintenance of the metapopulation dynamics might be determinant for the persistence of tapirs in the region,particularly in the smaller *** establishment of corridors con-necting MDSP to the forest fragments models resulted in an increase in the stochastic growth rate,making ta-pirs more resilient to threats and catastrophes,but only if rates of mortality were not increased when using *** PVA showed that the conservation of tapirs in the Pontal region depends on:the effective protection of MDSP;maintenance and,whenever possible,enhancement of the functional connectivity of the landscape,reducing mortality during dispersal and threats in the unprotected forest fragments;and neutralization of all threats affecting tapirs in the smaller forest fragments.

关键词： Atlantic Forest fragmentation lowland tapir minimum viable population population viability analysis

The coexistence of Baird’s tapir (tapirus bairdii) and indigenous hunters in northeastern Honduras

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Integrative Zoology 2012年第4期7卷 429-438页

作者： Marc DUNN Nereyda ESTRADA Derek A.SMITH Department of Geography and Environmental Studies Carleton UniversityOttawaOntarioCanada International Union for Conservation of Nature(iucn)Honduras tapir specialist group TegucigalpaHonduras

The Baird’s tapir(tapirus bairdii)is a popular game species throughout Central America,particularly among in-digenous populations,and is currently *** on Miskitu hunting was conducted over 4 months in a remote region in northeastern Honduras that overlaps with the Río Plátano Biosphere *** hunting zone was mapped together with hunters and interviews were conducted with elders and other community mem-bers about tapir *** show that tapir harvesting is targeted toward specific habitats at specific times of *** rates for one year suggest that tapir hunting in the area exceeds estimates of maximum sustain-able ***,field surveys reveal the presence of tapir within 1 km of the community,and its harvest tends to be nearby,in both forested and agricultural landscapes,suggesting that the animal has not been depleted in the *** appears that the existence of forest areas adjacent to the hunting zone that do not experi-ence hunting,together with the anthropogenic habitats created through shifting cultivation,are factors that help explain the presence of tapirs in the *** article concludes with a discussion regarding the potential posi-tive role of indigenous hunters in tapir conservation throughout its distribution range.

关键词： Baird’s tapir Honduras indigenous hunting Miskitu Río Plátano Biosphere Reserve

Alien mammals in Europe:updated numbers and trends,and assessment of the effects on biodiversity

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Integrative Zoology 2012年第3期7卷 247-253页

作者： Piero GENOVESI Lucilla CARNEVALI Anna ALONZI Riccardo SCALERA Institute for Environmental Protection and Research RomeItaly International Union for Conservation of Nature Species Survival CommissionInvasive Species Specialist Group(IUCN/SSC ISSG)ValbyDenmark

This study provides an updated picture of mammal invasions in Europe,based on detailed analysis of information on introductions occurring from the Neolithic to recent *** assessment considered all information on species introductions,known extinctions and successful eradication campaigns,to reconstruct a trend of alien mammals’establishment in the *** a comparative analysis of the data on introduction,with the information on the impact of alien mammals on native and threatened species of Europe,the present study also provides an objective assessment of the overall impact of mammal introductions on European biodiversity,including information on impact *** results of this assessment confirm the constant increase of mammal invasions in Europe,with no indication of a reduction of the rate of *** study also confirms the severe impact of alien mammals,which directly threaten a significant number of native species,including many highly threatened *** results could help to prioritize species for response,as required by international conventions and obligations.

关键词： impact indicators invasive species Red List threatened species

Impacts of grassland fence on the behavior and habitat area of the critically endangered Przewalski's gazelle around the Qinghai Lake

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2013年第17期58卷 2262-2268页

作者： YOU ZhangQiang JIANG ZhiGang LI ChunWang MALLON David Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Mianyang Normal University Antelope specialist group SSCIUCN/Dept of BiologyChemistry and Health ScienceManchester Metropolitan UniversityManchester M1 5GDUK

The trend of fencing grassland as livestock paddocks is spreading on the Eurasian steppe,however,its impacts on grassland wildlife are little *** order to explore such impacts,we carried out a field study on how grassland fencing impacts Przewalski's gazelle(Procapra przewalskii),a species listed as EN(Endangered) by ssc/iucn,on the Qinghai-Tibet *** results revealed that(1) in the fenced areas,daily movement distance of Przewalski's gazelle was 5081±1187 m(Hudong-Ketu) and 4110±912 m(Yuanzhe),which was much shorter than the 7223±546 m recorded in an unfenced area(Kuaierma);(2) the feeding bout duration of Przewalski's gazelle was much shorter in the fenced habitat;(3) the frequency of walking along both high or low fence lines reached about 81%;while the frequency of jumping across the low fence line was only about 1.2% and frequency of crawling through the bottom of the high fence lines was about 17.8%;(4) the size of post-fencing habitat decreased to about 20% and 6% of the sizes of pre-fencing habitat in Hudong-Ketu and Yuanzhe areas respectively,but no clear change in the size of habitat area was found in the unfenced Kuaierma area;and(5) the fence lines impaired the possibility of gazelles to escape from predators and occasionally trapped the Przewalski's gazelle which failed to jump over the fence *** occurrence of Przewalski's gazelle in the intensively fenced area,including gazelles strangled by fence lines and predated by wolves,reached 5% of the population size in Yuanzhe and up to 15%-20% in *** study highlights the negative impacts of grassland fencing on Przewalski's gazelle and proposes measures for integrating conservation of this gazelle with livestock management practice.

关键词：草原围栏普氏原羚栖息地面积濒危青海湖行为野生动物

Only Sunda and Chinese pangolin(Pholidota)are naturally distributed in China

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Integrative Zoology 2023年第4期18卷 704-709页

作者： Peng CEN Jiankun SUN Qiaoyan WANG Fuhua ZHANG Lianxian MO Amna MAHMOOD Jiaqi LI Yifu WANG Shibao WU School of Life Science South China Normal UniversityGuangzhouChina Administration of Xishuangbanna National Nature Reserve XishuangbannaChina Administration of Gaoligongshan National Nature Reserve in Baoshan BaoshanChina Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science Ministry of Environmental ProtectionNanjingChina The University of Hong Kong HongkongChina iucn ssc Pangolin specialist group LondonUK

INTRODUCTION Pangolin is the common name for animals in the Family Pholidota,Mammalia,which consists of eight extant *** pangolin species have been listed as critically endangered(CR),endangered(EN),or vulnerable(VU)species in the International Union for Conservation of Nature(iucn)Red List of Threatened Species(Challender et al.2020).In June 2020,the Chinese government upgraded the Chinese pangolin(Manis pentadactyla Linnaeus,1758)from a national second-class protected animal to a national first-class protected *** February 2021,the Sunda pangolin(Manis javanica Desmarest,1822)and the Indian pangolin(Manis crassicaudata Geoffroy,1803)were added to the list of national first-class protected ***,the number of species of pangolins naturally distributed in China varies in the literature:Some sources have recorded only one species,namely the Chinese pangolin(Nowak&Paradiso 1983;Sheng 1999),while most have recorded two species,namely the Chinese pangolin and Indian pangolin(Allen 1938;Zhang 1997;Wang 2003;Wu et al.2005a;Hu&Hu 2017).

关键词： protected Indian listed

Comparative sensitivity to environmental variation and human disturbance of Asian tapirs (tapirus indicus) and other wild ungulates in Thailand

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Integrative Zoology 2012年第4期7卷 389-399页

作者： Antony J.LYNAM Naruemon TANTIPISANUH Wanlop CHUTIPONG Dusit NGOPRASERT Megan C.BAKER Passanan CUTTER George GALE Shumpei KITAMURA Robert STEINMETZ Ronglarp SUKMASUANG Somying THUNHIKORN Global Conservation Program Wildlife Conservation Society(WCS)BronxNYUSA iucn/ssc tapir specialist group BangkokThailand Conservation Ecology Program King Mongkut’s University of Technology ThonburiBangkokThailand Center for Species Survival Smithsonian Conservation Biology InstituteFront RoyalVirginiaUSA Conservation Biology Program University of MinnesotaSt.PaulMinnesotaUSA Museum of Nature and Human Activities SandaJapan WWF Thailand BangkokThailand Department of Forest Biology Kasetsart UniversityBangkokThailand Wildlife Research Division Department of National ParksWildlife and Plants ConservationBangkokThailand

Southeast Asia’s tropical forests suffer the highest rates of deforestation and disturbance of any on Earth,with poorly understood impacts on native *** tapirs(tapirus indicus)are among the least studied of the large mammals in these *** records from 9 camera trap surveys in 7 of the largest(>1000 km2)pro-tected area complexes,we assessed the influence of environmental variation and human-induced disturbance on tapir *** were detected at 13%of locations sampled,significantly associated with evergreen for-est(Ptapir presence 87%of the *** to this model,tapir occurrence was positively influenced by annual rainfall and proximity to the forest ***-er,tapirs may not avoid edges but instead prefer wetter evergreen forest,a habitat type that tended to occur fur-ther from the forest edge at higher elevations in our particular study sites(Ptapirs showed a range of differing *** are expect-ed to be less sensitive to disturbance because they are not targets for hunting and trade,and are almost entire-ly active at night,so avoid peak traffic periods in *** populations in Thailand may be more stable than in other parts of their global range because rates of forest loss have decreased>40%over the past 20 *** recommend surveys to fill gaps in the understanding of the status in lesser-known protected areas,research to better understand the fine-scale environmental influences on behavior and habitats of tapirs,and other forest un-gulates,and continued legal status for tapirs in the highest category of protection.

关键词： Asian tapir camera traps conservation logistic regression ungulates

Conservation of Quiver Trees in Namibia and South Africa under a Changing Climate

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2016年第7期4卷 1-8页

作者： Danni Guo Judith L. Arnolds Guy F. Midgley Wendy B. Foden South African National Biodiversity Institute Kirstenbosch Research Center Claremont South Africa Department of Botany and Zoology Stellenbosch University Cape Town South Africa iucn ssc Climate Change specialist group Stellenbosch University Cape Town South Africa

Aloe dichotoma (Quiver tree) occurs in the arid regions of Namaqualand and Bushman land in South Africa, and in arid regions of southern Namibia. The Quiver trees are not only threatened by agricultural expansion, overgrazing, and mining;but also by climate changes and droughts. Previous studies show that Quiver trees are very sensitive to environmental changes, and do not respond well to extreme hot and dry conditions. This study investigates the current status of the Quiver tree within its existing environment, and also assesses the projected future changes of the Quiver tree habitat under different climatic scenarios. It provided evidence regarding the importance of the study to understanding the climate change impacts on the Quiver tree and its geographical response to climate changes.

关键词： Climate Change Conservation Quiver Tree Aloe Dichotoma Karoo Species Distribution Arid Region Namibia South Africa

An early evaluation of translocation actions for endangered plant species on Mediterranean islands

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Plant Diversity 2019年第2期41卷 94-104页

作者： Giuseppe Fenu Gianluigi Bacchetta S.Christodoulou Charalambos Christini Fournaraki Gian Pietro Giusso del Galdo Panagiota Gotsiou Angelos Kyratzis Carole Piazza Magdalena Vicens Maria Silvia Pinna Bertrand de Montmollin Centro Conservazione Biodiversità (CCB) Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente (DISVA) Università degli Studi di Cagliari Hortus Botanicus Karalitanus (HBK) Università degli Studi di Cagliari Department of Forests Ministry of Agriculture Rural Development and Environment CIHEAM Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania (MAICh) Department of Biological Geological and Environmental Sciences University of Catania Agricultural Research Institute Ministry of Agriculture Rural Development and Environment Office de l’Environnement de la Corse (OEC) Jardí Botànic de Sóller Foundation (JBS) Mediterranean Plant specialist group (iucn/ssc)

In situ conservation is widely considered a primary conservation strategy. Plant translocation, specifically, represents an important tool for reducing the extinction risk of threatened species. However, thus far, few documented translocations have been carried out in the Mediterranean islands. The CareMediflora project, carried out on six Mediterranean islands, tackles both short-and long-term needs for the insular endangered plants through in situ and ex situ conservation actions. The project approach is based on using ex situ activities as a tool to improve in situ conservation of threatened plant *** island plants(representing 45 taxa) were selected for translocations using common *** the translocations, several approaches were used, which differed in site selection method, origin of genetic material, type of propagative material, planting method, and more. Although only preliminary data are available, some general lessons can be learned from the experience of the CareMediflora project. Among the factors restricting the implementation of translocations, limited financial resources appear to be the most important. Specific preliminary management actions, sometimes to be reiterated after translocation, increase the overall cost, but often are necessary for translocation success. Translocation using juvenile/reproductive plants produces better results over the short term,although seeds may provide good results over the long run(to be assessed in the future). Regardless,plant translocation success can only be detected over long periods; therefore, proper evaluation of plant translocations requires a long-term monitoring protocol. Care-Mediflora project represents the first attempt to combine the existing approaches in a common plant conservation strategy specifically focusing on the Mediterranean islands.

关键词： Care-Mediflora project ex situ conservation in situ conservation Insular flora Threatened plant populations

HISTORY AND CURRENT STATUS OF THE CAPTIVE SOUTH CHINA TIGER POPULATION

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HISTORY AND CURRENT STATUS OF THE CAPTIVE SOUTH CHINA TIGER ...