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Reservoir stress path and induced seismic anisotropy： results from linking coupled fluid-flow/geomechanical simulation with seismic modelling

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Petroleum Science 2016年第4期13卷 669-684页

作者： D.A.Angus Q.J.Fisher J.M.Segura J.P.Verdon J.-M.Kendall M.Dutko A.J.L.Crook School of Earth and Environment University of LeedsLeeds UK Formerly School of Earth and Environment University of Leeds Leeds UK Department of Earth Sciences University of Bristol BristolUK Rockfield Software ltd. Swansea UK Three Cliffs Geomechanics Swansea UK Repsol Madrid Spain ESG Solutions Kingston Canada

We present a workflow linking coupled fluid-flow and geomechanical simulation with seismic modelling to predict seismic anisotropy induced by non-hydrostatic stress changes. We generate seismic models from coupled simulations to examine the relationship between reservoir geometry, stress path and seismic anisotropy. The results indicate that geometry influences the evolution of stress,which leads to stress-induced seismic anisotropy. Although stress anisotropy is high for the small reservoir, the effect of stress arching and the ability of the side-burden to support the excess load limit the overall change in effective stress and hence seismic anisotropy. For the extensive reservoir, stress anisotropy and induced seismic anisotropy are high. The extensive and elongate reservoirs experience significant compaction, where the inefficiency of the developed stress arching in the side-burden cannot support the excess *** elongate reservoir displays significant stress asymmetry,with seismic anisotropy developing predominantly along the long-edge of the reservoir. We show that the link betweenstress path parameters and seismic anisotropy is complex,where the anisotropic symmetry is controlled not only by model geometry but also the nonlinear rock physics model used. Nevertheless, a workflow has been developed to model seismic anisotropy induced by non-hydrostatic stress changes, allowing field observations of anisotropy to be linked with geomechanical models.

关键词： Coupled fluid-flow/geomechanics Reservoir characterization Seismic anisotropy Stress path

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Dielectric behaviours of bio-derived epoxy resins from cashew nutshell liquid

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High Voltage 2021年第2期6卷 255-263页

作者： Mulan Mu Alun Vaughan Department of Electronics and Computer Science Tony Davies High Voltage LaboratoryUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK Novel Polymer Technology Section TWI LtdCambridgeUK

In this study,four commercially available bio-derived epoxy systems(extracted from cashew nutshell liquid)were prepared and *** glass transition temperature(Tg),dielectric spectroscopy,DC conductivity and breakdown properties of these epoxy resins were *** scanning calorimetry(DSC)demonstrated that the T_(g) of the investigated systems ranged from 67 to 122°*** DC conductivity was very low(<10^(-16) S cm^(-1))and comparable to the conventional dielectrics at room temperature(RT).However,all systems showed a strong temperature dependence of the electrical conductivity and exhibited sharp increase around their respective T_(g).Arrhenius analysis led to activation energy,E_(a),values around 1 eV;higher E_(a) values were observed in systems with a lower T_(g).Dielectric spectroscopy revealed a flat and low response at temperature below T_(g).However,both the real and imaginary permittivity increased with decreasing frequency at mid to low frequencies as the temperatures approached T_(g).The variations of AC breakdown strength of all samples were not statistically significant,but the DC breakdown strength of sample 2503Aþ2002B was higher than the others,which might be due to reduced charge transport in this *** results indicate that novel bio-derived epoxy systems from renewable sources are potential alternatives for traditional petroleum-based epoxy systems in certain insulation applications.

关键词： conductivity resins liquid

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Mechanical behavior predictions of additively manufactured microstructures using functional Gaussian process surrogates

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npj Computational Materials 2021年第1期7卷 720-730页

作者： Robert Saunders Celia Butler John Michopoulos Dimitris Lagoudas Alaa Elwany Amit Bagchi US Naval Research Laboratory WashingtonDCUSA Texas A&M University College StationTXUSA Synopsys Northern Europe ltd ExeterUK University of Exeter ExeterUK

Relational linkages connecting process,structure,and properties are some of the most sought after goals in additive manufacturing(AM).This is desired especially because the microstructural grain morphologies of AM components can be vastly different than their conventionally manufactured ***,data collection at the microscale is ***,this work describes and demonstrates a methodology to link microstructure morphology to mechanical properties using functional Gaussian process surrogate models in a directed graphical network capable of achieving near real-time property predictions with single digit error magnitudes when predicting full stress–strain histories of a given *** methodology is presented and demonstrated using computationally generated microstructures and results from crystal plasticity simulations on those *** surrogate model uses grain-level microstructural descriptors rather than whole microstructure descriptors so that properties of new,arbitrary microstructures can be *** developed network has the potential to scale to predict mechanical properties of grain structures that would be infeasible to simulate using finite element methods.

关键词： grain microstructure additive

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Measurement and quantification of caking in excipients and food products with emphasis on the non-homogeneous interaction with ambient moisture

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Particuology 2021年第3期19卷 75-83页

作者： Katrina Brockbank Brian Armstrong Jamie Clayton Freeman Technology ltd 1 Miller CourtSevern DriveTewkesburyGloucestershireGL208DNUK

Whilst caking occurs via several different mechanisms,absorption and migration of moisture is frequently the most dominant mechanism within the food and pharmaceutical *** understanding the propensity to cake is important for minimising down-stream process issues,however most characterisation techniques assume that moisture induced caking occurs homogenously through the sample resulting in a uniformly caked powder *** this study,the effect of moisture induced caking on powder flowability was investigated using powder *** materials,including skimmed milk powder(SMP)and sulphated methyl ester(SME)were stored for several days under controlled humidity *** flow energies,a measure of the resistance to flow,were measured at 24 h intervals using an FT4 Powder *** the energy is measured as a function of the bed height,variations in the powder bed are also *** results demonstrated that caking does not always occur uniformly,instead a caked region(or crust)forms at the air-powder interface and then progresses through the powder ***,the strength of this caked region was shown to increase over several days before stabilising.

关键词： Powder Caking Crust formation Powder rheometry Relative humidity

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Evaluating data-driven algorithms for predicting mechanical properties with small datasets:A case study on gear steel hardenability

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2022年第4期29卷 836-847页

作者： Bogdan Nenchev Qing Tao Zihui Dong Chinnapat Panwisawas Haiyang Li Biao Tao Hongbiao Dong NISCO uk Research Centre School of EngineeringUniversity of LeicesterLeicester LE17RHUK Nanjing Iron&Steel United Co. Ltd.Nanjing 210044China

Data-driven algorithms for predicting mechanical properties with small datasets are evaluated in a case study on gear steel *** limitations of current data-driven algorithms and empirical models are *** in analysing small datasets are discussed,and solution is proposed to handle small datasets with multiple *** methods in combination with novel predictive algorithms are utilized to overcome the challenges in analysing gear steel hardenability data and to gain insight into alloying elements interaction and structure *** gained fundamental knowledge integrated with machine learning is shown to be superior to the empirical equations in predicting ***-property relationships between chemistry,sample size,and hardness are predicted via two optimized machine learning algorithms:neural networks(NNs)and extreme gradient boosting(XGboost).A comparison is drawn between all algorithms,evaluating their performance based on small data *** results reveal that XGboost has the highest potential for predicting hardenability using small datasets with class imbalance and large inhomogeneity issues.

关键词： machine learning small dataset XGboost hardenability gear steel

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Encapsulated peracetic acid as a valid broad‑spectrum antimicrobial alternative,leading to beneficial microbiota compositional changes and enhanced performance in broiler chickens

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畜牧与生物技术杂志:英文版 2023年第5期14卷 2128-2142页

作者： Salvatore Galgano Leah Conway Nikki Dalby Adrian Fellows Jos G.MHoudijk Monogastric Science Research Centre Scotland’s Rural CollegeWest Mains RoadEdinburgh EH93JGScotlandUK Aga2tech ltd HalifaxUK Centre for Innovation Excellence in Livestock YorkUK

Background Antimicrobial alternatives are urgently needed,including for poultry production *** this study,we tested the potential broad-range antimicrobial alternative peracetic acid,delivered in feed via the hydrolysis of encapsulated precursors through a 28-day study using 375 Ross 308 broiler *** tested two peracetic acid concentrations,30 and 80 mg/kg on birds housed on re-used litter,and we evaluated the impact of both levels on gut microbial communities,bacterial concentration,antimicrobial resistance genes relative abundance and growth performance when compared to control birds housed on either clean or re-used *** Body weight gain and feed conversion ratio improved in peracetic acid fed *** d 28,birds given 30 mg/kg of peracetic acid had a decreased Firmicutes and an increased Proteobacteria abundance in the jejunum,accompanied by an increase in Bacillus,Flavonifractor and Rombustia in the caeca,and a decreased abundance of tetracycline resistance *** given 80 mg/kg of peracetic acid had greater caecal abundance of macrolides lincosamides and streptogramins resistance *** performance on clean litter was reduced compared to reused litter,which concurred with increased caecal abundance of Blautia,decreased caecal abundance of Escherichia/Shigella,Anaerostipes and Jeotgalicoccus,and greater gene abundance of vancomycin,tetracycline,and macrolides resistance *** Peracetic acid could be used as a safe broad-spectrum antimicrobial alternative in *** precursors were able to reduce the bacterial concentration in the jejunum whilst promoting the proliferation of probiotic genera in the caeca,especially at the low peracetic acid concentrations tested,and improve growth ***,our findings offer further insights on potential benefits of rearing birds on re-used litter,suggesting that the latter could be associated with better performance and reduced antimicrobial resistance

关键词： Antimicrobial alternative Antimicrobial resistance Broiler chicken Microbiota Peracetic acid Performance 16S rRNA gene

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An Advanced Prediction Mechanism to Analyse Pore Geometry Shapes and Identification of Blocking Effect in VRLA Battery System

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International Journal of Automation and computing 2017年第1期14卷 21-32页

作者： Alessandro Mariani Kary Thanapalan Peter Stevenson Jonathan Williams Faculty of Computing Engineering and Science University of South Wales Pontypridd CF37 1DL UK Yuasa Battery (uk) ltd Rassau Industrial Estate Ebbw Vale NP23 5SD UK

The aim of this investigation is to define a model of an alternating current impedance response that can identify the state of health of a porous electrode due to the blocked diffusion effect. To identify and simulate different pore geometries, an analytical differential equations system was studied. Standard and low performance battery products were simulated by the model and validated with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy （EIS） experimental data. The correlation between pore structure geometries and the related battery efficiency is also addressed. This investigation may clarify the possible reasons for low performance batteries. Identifying the benchmark pore geometry, parameters may be useful for the battery producers to improve the efficiency of their products. Various recovery methods are also included in this investigation to disperse the build-up of lead sulphate crystal that limits the electrolysis process in the low performance batteries.

关键词： Positive active material crystal structure valve regulated lead acid (VRLA) batteries modelling estimation and recoverytechniques.

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Experimental research on kinematics of breaking waves

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2018年第3期30卷 390-394页

作者： De Wang Chia Longbin Tao Xin Wang Yali Zhang Arun Kr Dev Lloyd's Register Singapore Pte ltd Singapore Faculty of Science Agriculture and EngineeringNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK Naval Architecture Ocean and Marine EngineeringUniversity of StrathclydeUK

One important kinematic propertie of breaking waves is the wave celerity. Constant wave celerity has been used for the wave breaking criterion by many researchers. However, this approach does not consider the variation of wave celerity at different phases before breaking. Hence, this article examines the aspects of the wave breaking criterion and dynamics of wave celerity before wave breaking. Breaking waves were generated using the JONSWAP focused spectrum and a semi-empirical formula for the wave celerity estimation was established.

关键词： Plunging wave wave breaking wave celerity wave tank wave kinematics

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A history of high-power laser research and development in the United Kingdom

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2021年第2期9卷 41-126页

作者： Colin N.Danson Malcolm White John R.M.Barr Thomas Bett Peter Blyth David Bowley Ceri Brenner Robert J.Collins Neal Croxford A.E.Bucker Dangor Laurence Devereux Peter E.Dyer Anthony Dymoke-Bradshaw Christopher B.Edwards Paul Ewart Allister I.Ferguson John M.Girkin Denis R.Hall David C.Hanna Wayne Harris David I.Hillier Christopher J.Hooker Simon M.Hooker Nicholas Hopps Janet Hull David Hunt Dino A.Jaroszynski Mark Kempenaars Helmut Kessler Sir Peter L.Knight Steve Knight Adrian Knowles Ciaran L.S.Lewis Ken S.Lipton Abby Littlechild John Littlechild Peter Maggs Graeme P.A.Malcolm OBE Stuart P.D.Mangles William Martin Paul McKenna Richard O.Moore Clive Morrison Zulfikar Najmudin David Neely Geoff H.C.New Michael J.Norman Ted Paine Anthony W.Parker Rory R.Penman Geoff J.Pert Chris Pietraszewski Andrew Randewich Nadeem H.Rizvi Nigel Seddon MBE Zheng-Ming Sheng David Slater Roland A.Smith Christopher Spindloe Roy Taylor Gary Thomas John W.G.Tisch Justin S.Wark Colin Webb S.Mark Wiggins Dave Willford Trevor Winstone AWE Aldermaston ReadingUK Oxford Centre for High Energy Density Science Department of PhysicsClarendon LaboratoryUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK Centre for Intertial Fusion Studies Blackett LaboratoryImperial College LondonLondonUK Formerly of Electrox LetchworthUK Formerly of Central Laser Facility Rutherford LaboratoryDidcotUK Formerly of Ferranti Defence Systems LincolnUK Leonardo EdinburghUK Retired AWEReadingUK Formerly of AWE ReadingUK Formerly of Laser Lines ltd BanburyUK Formerly of Optilas ltd Milton KeynesUK Retired Pro-Lite TechnologyCranfieldUK Specialised Imaging ltd PitstoneUK Central Laser Facility STFC Rutherford Appleton LaboratoryDidcotUK Magna-Power Electronics ltd ReadingUK DeBe Lasers Needham Laser TechnologiesWhitchurchUK Blackett Laboratory Imperial College LondonLondonUK SPIE Europe CardiffUK Professor Emeritus(Physics) University of HullKingston upon HullUK Kentech Instruments ltd WallingfordUK Department of Physics Clarendon LaboratoryUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK Professor Emeritus Department of PhysicsUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowUK Department of Physics Durham UniversityDurhamUK Professor Emeritus(Photonics) Heriot-Watt UniversityEdinburghUK Professor Emeritus University of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK Optical Surfaces ltd KenleyUK JEH Lasers ltd RugbyUK Scottish Universities Physics Alliance Department of PhysicsUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowUK ITER Organization Saint-Paul-lez-DuranceFrance Manx Precision Optics ltd BallasallaUK Laser Lines ltd BanburyUK Elliot Scientific ltd MetroTest Scientific GroupHarpendenUK Centre for Plasma Physics Queen’s University BelfastBelfastUK Retired Founderand former MDRofin-Sinar UK LtdHullUK Heraeus Noblelight ltd CambridgeUK Mirli Books ChelmsfordUK M Squared Lasers ltd GlasgowUK University of Hertfordshire HatfieldUK E&EO uk ltd Barton-upon-HumberUK Department of Physics University of YorkYorkUK IC Optical Systems ltd BeckenhamUK Laser Micromachining ltd St AsaphUK MBDA uk ltd Brist

The first demonstration of laser action in ruby was made in 1960 by *** of Hughes Research Laboratories,*** laboratories worldwide began the search for lasers using different materials,operating at different *** the uk,academia,industry and the central laboratories took up the challenge from the earliest days to develop these systems for a broad range of *** historical review looks at the contribution the uk has made to the advancement of the technology,the development of systems and components and their exploitation over the last 60 years.

关键词： high-power lasers history United Kingdom

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The Potential of High Power Lasers for Tube Cutting and Concrete Scabbling in Nuclear Decommissioning

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稀有金属材料与工程 2011年第S4期40卷 252-256页

作者： Paul Hilton Ali Khan TWI ltd.Granta Park Cambridge CB21 6ALUK

Contaminated concrete and metal pipework presents a major nuclear decommissioning challenge in terms of the total volumes of material to be treated,the radiation levels present and the number of facilities *** recently,industrial lasers have often been seen as too unreliable for use in nuclear decommissioning environments and hence their usage has been *** advent of solid state 'fibre' lasers has,however,provided a robust and reliable industrial tool,capable of performing not only concrete scabbling but other laser based decommissioning processes,such as *** concrete scabbling has been demonstrated in the laboratory,to date,no representative scale demonstration has been provided which would give industry confidence in the *** paper will describe the development of a laser scabbling process head,equipped with an integrated debris collection device and adaptive control system for automatic maintenance of the attitude and stand off distance of the head from the concrete *** results of using optical fibre delivered laser power to remove the surface of a range of representative and large scale concrete samples will be *** 5kW of laser power,removal rates up to 7000 cc of concrete per hour have been recorded at a removal depth of the order *** paper will also report on the results of using the same laser source,for single-sided cutting of various 304L stainless steel tubes,of diameter up to 170mm and wall thickness up to *** results show that with the right optical configuration,it is entirely possible to laser cut tubes from one side,at extremely long and safe standoff distances,if the main objective is simply to sever the tube.

关键词： lasers concrete scabbling tube cutting.

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