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Development of in situ characterization techniques in molecular beam epitaxy

Journal of Semiconductors 2024年第3期45卷 9-32页

作者： Chao Shen Wenkang Zhan Manyang Li Zhenyu Sun Jian Tang Zhaofeng Wu Chi Xu Bo Xu Chao Zhao Zhanguo Wang Laboratory of Solid State Optoelectronics Information technology Institute of SemiconductorsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100083China College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic technology University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 101804China School of Physics Science and technology Xinjiang UniversityUrumqi 830046China School of New Energy and Electronics Yancheng Teachers UniversityYancheng 224002China Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Devices Institute of SemiconductorsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100083China

Ex situ characterization techniques in molecular beam epitaxy(MBE)have inherent limitations,such as being prone to sample contamination and unstable surfaces during sample transfer from the MBE *** recent years,the need for improved accuracy and reliability in measurement has driven the increasing adoption of in situ characterization *** techniques,such as reflection high-energy electron diffraction,scanning tunneling microscopy,and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,allow direct observation of film growth processes in real time without exposing the sample to air,hence offering insights into the growth mechanisms of epitaxial films with controlled *** combining multiple in situ characterization techniques with MBE,researchers can better understand film growth processes,realizing novel materials with customized properties and extensive *** review aims to overview the benefits and achievements of in situ characterization techniques in MBE and their applications for material science *** addition,through further analysis of these techniques regarding their challenges and potential solutions,particularly highlighting the assistance of machine learning to correlate in situ characterization with other material information,we hope to provide a guideline for future efforts in the development of novel monitoring and control schemes for MBE growth processes with improved material properties.

关键词： epitaxial growth thin film in situ characterization molecular beam epitaxy(MBE)

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Discovery of CCDC188 gene as a novel genetic target for human acephalic spermatozoa syndrome

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Protein & Cell 2024年第9期15卷 704-709页

作者： Jing Wang Hui-Juan Jin Yi Lu Zi-Han Wang Teng-Yan Li Lan Xia Hong-Jun Li Bin-Bin Wang Su-Ren Chen Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology School of Basic Medical SciencesCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100069China Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology Ministry of EducationDepartment of BiologyCollege of Life SciencesBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Graduate School Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100005China Department of Urology Peking Union Medical College HospitalBeijing 100005China Center for Genetics National Research Institute of Family PlanningBeijing 100081China NHC Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Engineering technology Research(NRIFP) Beijing 100081China

Dear Editor,Male infertility is a widespread health problem and affects approximately 6%–8%of the male population(Jiao et al.,2021).Acephalic spermatozoa syndrome(ASS),a rare but severe type of teratozoospermia,is ch... 详细信息

关键词： al. infertility finally

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Regulating interfacial stability of SiO_(x) anode with fluoride-abundant solid–electrolyte interphase by fluorine-functionalized additive

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Rare Metals 2024年第2期43卷 671-681页

作者： Subin Lee Taeeun Yim Advanced Batteries Laboratory Department of ChemistryIncheon National UniversityIncheon22012Republic of Korea Research Institute of Basic sciences College of Natural ScienceIncheon National UniversityIncheon22012Republic of Korea

Silicon oxide(SiO_(x))has received remarkable attention as a next-generation battery material;however,the sudden decrease in the cycling retention constitutes a significant challenge in facilitating its ***(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)phosphite(TTFP),which can control parasitic reactions such as the pulverization of SiO_(x)anode materials and electrolyte decomposition,has been proposed to improve the lifespan of the *** electrochemical reduction of TTFP results in solid-electrolyte interphase(SEI)layers that are mainly composed of LiF,which occur at a higher potential than the working potential of the SiO_(x)anode and carbonate-based *** electrolyte with TTFP exhibited a substantial improvement in cycling retention after 100 cycles,whereas the standard electrolyte showed acutely decreased *** thickness of the SiO_(x)anode with TTFP also changed only slightly without any considerable delamination spots,whereas the SiO_(x)anode without TTFP was prominently deformed by an enormous volume expansion with several internal *** cycled SiO_(x)anode with TTFP exhibited less increase in resistance after cycling than that in the absence of TTFP,in addition to fewer decomposition adducts in corresponding X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)analyses between the cycled SiO_(x)*** results demonstrate that TTFP formed SEI layers at the SiO_(x)interface,which substantially reduced the pulverization of the SiO_(x)anode materials;in addition,electrolyte decomposition at the interface decreased,which led to improved cycling retention.

关键词： Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs) Silicon oxide anode Electrolyte Additive Solid-electrolyte interphases(SEI) Tris(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)phosphite

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Development of a single transcript CRISPR/Cas9 toolkit for efficient genome editing in autotetraploid alfalfa

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The Crop Journal 2024年第3期12卷 788-795页

作者： Haixia Zhao Siyi Zhao Yingping Cao Xiping Jiang Lijuan Zhao Zhimeng Li Mengqi Wang Ruijuan Yang Chuanen Zhou Zhaoming Wang Feng Yuan Dongmei Ma Hao Lin Wenwen Liu Chunxiang Fu CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy GeneticsQingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266101ShandongChina Shandong Energy Institute Qingdao 266101ShandongChina Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory Qingdao 266101ShandongChina university of Chinese Academy of sciences Beijing 100049China The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology Ministry of EducationSchool of Life SciencesShandong UniversityQingdao 266101ShandongChina Key Laboratory of Forage Breeding and Seed Production of Inner Mongolia Inner Mongolia M-Grass Ecology and Environment(Group)Co.Ltd.Hohhot 010016Inner MongoliaChina School of Ecology Environment Ningxia UniversityYinchuan 750021NingxiaChina Biotechnology Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China

Alfalfa(Medicago sativa.L.)is a globally significant autotetraploid legume forage ***,despite its importance,establishing efficient gene editing systems for cultivated alfalfa remains a formidable *** this study,we pioneered the development of a highly effective ultrasonic-assisted leaf disc transformation system for Gongnong 1 alfalfa,a variety widely cultivated in Northeast ***,we created a single transcript CRISPR/Cas9(CRISPR_2.0)toolkit,incorporating multiplex gRNAs,designed for gene editing in Gongnong *** Cas9 and gRNA scaffolds were under the control of the Arabidopsis ubiquitin-10 promoter,a widely employed polymeraseⅡconstitutive promoter known for strong transgene expression in *** assess the toolkit’s efficiency,we targeted PALM1,a gene associated with a recognizable multifoliate *** the CRISPR_2.0 toolkit,we directed PALM1 editing at two sites in the wild-type Gongnong *** indicated a 35.1%occurrence of editing events all in target 2 alleles,while no mutations were detected at target 1 in the transgenic-positive *** explore more efficient sgRNAs,we developed a rapid,reliable screening system based on Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated hairy root transformation,incorporating the visible reporter *** screening system demonstrated that most purple visible hairy roots underwent gene ***,sgRNA3,with an 83.0%editing efficiency,was selected using the visible hairy root *** anticipated,tetra-allelic homozygous palm1 mutations exhibited a clear multifoliate *** palm1 lines demonstrated an average crude protein yield increase of 21.5%compared to trifoliolate *** findings highlight the modified CRISPR_2.0 system as a highly efficient and robust gene editing tool for autotetraploid alfalfa.

关键词： Alfalfa Gene editing CRISPR_2.0 toolkit Hairy root system Tetra-allelic homozygous mutants

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Accurate cell type annotation for single-cell chromatin accessibility data via contrastive learning and reference guidance

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Quantitative Biology 2024年第1期12卷 85-99页

作者： Siyu Li Songming Tang Yunchang Wang Sijie Li Yuhang Jia Shengquan Chen School of Statistics and Data Science Nankai UniversityTianjinChina School of Mathematical sciences and LPMC Nankai UniversityTianjinChina

Recent advances in single-cell chromatin accessibility sequencing(scCAS)technologies have resulted in new insights into the characterization of epigenomic heterogeneity and have increased the need for automatic cell type ***,existing automatic annotation methods for scCAS data fail to incorporate the reference data and neglect novel cell types,which only exist in a test ***,we propose RAINBOW,a reference-guided automatic annotation method based on the contrastive learning framework,which is capable of effectively identifying novel cell types in a test *** utilizing contrastive learning and incorporating reference data,RAINBOW can effectively characterize the heterogeneity of cell types,thereby facilitating more accurate *** extensive experiments on multiple scCAS datasets,we show the advantages of RAINBOW over state-of-the-art methods in known and novel cell type *** also verify the effectiveness of incorporating reference data during the training *** addition,we demonstrate the robustness of RAINBOW to data sparsity and number of cell ***,RAINBOW provides superior performance in newly sequenced data and can reveal biological implication in downstream *** the results demonstrate the superior performance of RAINBOW in cell type annotation for scCAS *** anticipate that RAINBOW will offer essential guidance and great assistance in scCAS data *** source codes are available at the GitHub website(BioX-NKU/RAINBOW).

关键词： cell type annotation chromatin accessibility novel type reference-guided single-cell

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Physical properties and maximum allowable mass-radius relation of complexity-free compact stellar objects within modified f(R,T)gravity formalism

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Chinese Physics C 2024年第7期48卷 273-288页

作者： M.K.Jasim S.K.Maurya Abdelghani Errehymy Ali Khalid Jassim Kottakkaran Sooppy Nisar Abdel-Haleem Abdel-Aty Department of Mathematical and Physical sciences College of Arts and SciencesUniversity of NizwaNizwa 616Sultanate of Oman Astrophysics Research Centre School of MathematicsStatistics and Computer ScienceUniversity of KwaZulu-NatalPrivate Bag X54001Durban 4000South Africa Electrical Engineering Department College of EngineeringMustansiriyah UniversityBaghdadIraq Department of Mathematics College of Science and Humanities in AlkharjPrince Sattam bin Abdulaziz UniversityAl KharjSaudi Arabia Department of Physics College of SciencesUniversity of BishaP.O.Box 344Bisha 61922Saudi Arabia

This paper investigates the physical properties and predicted radii of compact stars generated by the Tolman-IV complexity-free model within the background of modified gravity theory,particularly the f(R,T)-gravity theory,under complexity formalism for a spherically symmetric spacetime proposed by ***[Phys Rev D 97:044010,2018].By solving the resulting set of differential equations,we obtain the explicit forms of the energy-momentum(EM)tensor components,including the density,radial pressure,and tangential *** influence of the parameterχon various physical properties of the star is thoroughly *** model undergoes a series of rigorous tests to determine its physical *** findings indicate that the model exhibits regularity,stability,and a surface with vanishing *** boundary of this surface is determined by carefully selecting the parameter *** complexity method employed in f(R,T)gravity offers an interesting approach for developing astrophysical models that are consistent with observable events as demonstrated by recent *** this regard,we use observational data from the GW190814 event,detected by the LIGO and Virgo observatories,to investigate the validity of the Tolman-IV model in f(R,T)*** analysis includes comparing the model's predictions with the observed characteristics of the compact object involved in the *** addition,data from two-millisecond pulsars,PSR J1614-2230 and PSR J0952-0607,are incorporated to further constrain the theoretical ***,we present a diagram depicting the relationship between the total mass and radius of the compact object candidates for different values ofχ.

关键词： complexity modified gravity compact Stars

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Dissolved Organic Matter Features of Three Adjacent Eastern Mediterranean Urbanized Watersheds

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Open Journal of Modern Hydrology 2024年第3期14卷 153-173页

作者： Nour Abboud Elias Michel Maatouk Zeinab Matar Veronique Kazpard Research and Analysis Platform for Environmental sciences (PRASE) Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology (EDST) The Lebanese University Rafic Hariri Campus Hadat Lebanon Laboratory of Georessources Geosciences and Environment (L2GE) Faculty of Sciences The Lebanese University Fanar Lebanon Department of Earth and Life sciences Faculty of Sciences The Lebanese University Hadat Lebanon

Landscape urbanization broadly affects ecosystems in coastal watersheds, but, until now, the influence of nonpoint source urban inputs on dissolved organic matter (DOM) amount, composition, and source is poorly understood. To understand how DOM composition varied with urbanization, fluorescence excitation-emission matrices (EEMs) were determined for urban and non-urban waters from upstream to downstream sites along three adjacent coastal watersheds that flow into the Mediterranean Sea. Two humic DOM fluorescent components (humic-like and fulvic-like peaks) and two proteinic components (tyrosine-like and tryptophane-like peaks) were identified by EEM fluorescence. The results indicated that urbanization had an important influence on DOM concentration and composition, with urban waters having a high degree of DOM variation due to different land uses surrounding each body of water. Urban waters show a higher DOM fluorescence index (FI), the highest fluorescence intensity of protein-like manifested also by BIX values, and a lower value of the humification index (HIX) than non-urban waters which were dominated by allochthonous inputs. In addition, the EEM was compared in dry and wet season where higher DOM amounts and FI appeared in summer due to autochthonous production coming from algae growth compared to allochthonous input from rainfall dominated in wet season. The concentration of DOC increased from upstream to downstream for the three rivers, especially Beirut River. The increase in DOC values was observed in both dry and wet seasons by 39 and 19 times respectively compared to upstream (0.93 - 0.91 mgC/L).

关键词： Dissolved Organic Matter DOM EEM Fluorescence Spectroscopy Autochthonous/Allochthonous DOM Urbanization Upstream/Downstream Wet/Dry Season

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Crustal magma oxidation state and endowments in porphyry copper deposits

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Science China Earth sciences 2024年

作者： Yumin AI Massimo CHIARADIA Chao WU Huayong CHEN Key Laboratory of Mineralogy and Metallogeny Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences university of Chinese Academy of sciences Department of Earth sciences University of Geneva Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Physics and Materials

Porphyry copper deposits (PCDs) supply the majority of the world’s copper (Cu) as well as significant amounts of molybdenum (Mo) and gold (Au). The formation of these deposits is controlled by a variety of geological factors, among which the magmatic oxidation is one of the focuses of current research. This study investigates the redox characteristics of arc magmas by analyzing the ratio of vanadium (V) to scandium (Sc) and its correlation with the oxygen fugacity (f O) of magmas from arcs of various crustal thicknesses globally. We compiled an extensive dataset of published V/Sc values and studied the partition coefficients of Vand Sc between minerals and silicate melts across various magmatic environments. The results demonstrate that fractional crystallization of magnetite markedly reduces V/Sc values of the residual melt. Furthermore, magnesium number(Mg#) at the onset of magnetite fractionation is strongly positively correlated with f O of the equilibrium magma. Based on this,the oxidation of arc magmas from different crustal thicknesses can be evaluated. The result suggests that magmas generated in crusts thicker than 20 km tend to be more oxidized with increasing crust thickness. This trend is attributed to enhanced intracrustal differentiation processes involving garnet and amphibole, particularly in mature island and continental arcs. In contrast,magmas in thinner arc crusts (<20 km), which are significantly influenced by subducted slab materials, display higher oxidation states than most of their thicker crust counterparts. These findings suggest that both subduction dynamics and crustal thickness play a vital role in determining the oxidation state of arc magmas and, consequently, their capacity to generate PCDs. Highly oxidized, primitive arc magmas are less favorable for PCD formation due to that they tend to experience magnetite fractionation and thus sulfide saturation in the early stage of magma evolution, a process leading to copper depletion. On th

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Synergistic effects of Pleistocene geological and climatic events on complex phylogeographic history of widespread sympatric species of Megaloptera in East Asia

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Zoological Research 2024年第5期45卷 1131-1146页

作者： Ai-Li Lin Ming-Ming Zou Li-Jun Cao Fumio Hayashi Ding Yang Xing-Yue Liu Department of Entomology China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Sanya Institute of China Agricultural university SanyaHainan 572025China International Joint Laboratory of Taxonomy and Systematic Evolution of Insecta Henan Institute of Science and TechnologyXinxiangHenan 453003China Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesBeijing 100097China Department of Biology Tokyo Metropolitan UniversityHachioji-shiTokyo 192-0397Japan

Unraveling the phylogeographic histories of species remains a key endeavor for comprehending the evolutionary processes contributing to the rich biodiversity and high endemism found in East *** this study,we explored the phylogeographic patterns and demographic histories of three endemic fishfly and dobsonfly species(Neochauliodes formosanus,Protohermes costalis,and Neoneuromus orientalis)belonging to the holometabolan order *** species,which share a broad and largely overlapping distribution,were analyzed using comprehensive mitogenomic *** findings revealed a consistent influence of vicariance on the population isolation of *** and *** between Hainan,Taiwan,and the East Asian mainland during the early Pleistocene,potentially hindering subsequent colonization of the later diverged *** to these ***,we unveiled the dual function of the major mountain ranges in East Asia,serving both as barriers and conduits,in shaping the population structure of all three ***,we demonstrated that these co-distributed species originated from Southwest,Southern,and eastern Central China,respectively,then subsequently migrated along multi-directional routes,leading to their sympatric distribution on the East Asian ***,our results highlighted the significance of Pleistocene land bridges along the eastern coast of East Asia in facilitating the dispersal of mountain-dwelling insects with low dispersal ***,this study provides novel insight into the synergistic impact of Pleistocene geological and climatic events in shaping the diversity and distribution of aquatic insects in East Asia.

关键词： Comparative phylogeography Island biogeography Pleistocene glaciation Corydalidae East Asia

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Pioneering the direct large-scale laser printing of flexible“graphenic silicon”self-standing thin films as ultrahigh-performance lithium-ion battery anodes

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Carbon Energy 2024年第7期6卷 26-40页

作者： Avinash Kothuru Adam Cohen Gil Daffan Yonatan Juhl Fernando Patolsky School of Chemistry Faculty of Exact SciencesTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael Department of Materials Science and Engineering The Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of EngineeringTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael

Recent technological advancements,such as portable electronics and electric vehicles,have created a pressing need for more efficient energy storage ***-ion batteries(LIBs)have been the preferred choice for these applications,with graphite being the standard anode material due to its ***,graphite falls short of meeting the growing demand for higher energy density,possessing a theoretical capacity that lags *** address this,researchers are actively seeking alternative materials to replace graphite in commercial *** promising avenue involves lithiumalloying materials like silicon and phosphorus,which offer high theoretical ***-silicon composites have emerged as a viable option,showing improved capacity and performance over traditional graphite or pure silicon ***,the existing methods for synthesizing these composites remain complex,energy-intensive,and costly,preventing widespread adoption.A groundbreaking approach is presented here:the use of a laser writing strategy to rapidly transform common organic carbon precursors and silicon blends into efficient“graphenic silicon”composite thin *** films exhibit exceptional structural and energy storage *** resulting three-dimensional porous composite anodes showcase impressive attributes,including ultrahigh silicon content,remarkable cyclic stability(over 4500 cycles with∼40%retention),rapid charging rates(up to 10 A g^(-1)),substantial areal capacity(>5.1 mAh cm^(-2)),and excellent gravimetric capacity(>2400 mAh g^(-1) at 0.2 A g^(-1)).This strategy marks a significant step toward the scalable production of high-performance LIB *** widely available,cost-effective precursors,the laser-printed“graphenic silicon”composites demonstrate unparalleled performance,potentially streamlining anode production while maintaining exceptional *** innovation not only paves the way for advanced LIBs but also sets a precedent for

关键词： 4D printing energy storage fast-charging laser-induced graphene lithium-ion silicon carbon composite anodes

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