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Prevalence of Cannabis Use around the World:A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis,2000-2024

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China CDC weekly 2024年第25期6卷 597-604,I0013,I0014页

作者： Qianning Wang Zhen Qin Xing Xing He Zhu Zhongwei Jia national institute of health Data science Center for Drug Abuse Prevention and ControlPeking UniversityBeijingChina School of Public health Peking UniversityBeijingChina

This study aims to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis on the global prevalence of cannabis use to inform drug prevention strategies,policy-making,and resource *** study initially screened 177,843 studies published between January 1,2000,and January 15,2024,using peer-reviewed databases including Web of science,PubMed,Scopus,Embase,and Cochrane ***,595 studies were identified for data extraction,and 39 of these were selected as country-representative *** among the selected studies was assessed using the chi-squared test and I2 statistic,while sensitivity analysis was conducted to evaluate the robustness of the *** prevalence of cannabis use varied between 0.42%and 43.90%across 33 European countries,1.40%to 38.12%across 15 North and South American countries,0.30%to 19.10%across 16 Asian countries,and 1.30%to 48.70%across 18 Oceania and African *** pooled prevalence of cannabis use was 12.0%[95%confidence interval(CI):10.0,14.3]in countries where cannabis is legalized,compared to 5.4%(95%CI:4.3,6.9)in non-legalized *** findings indicate that the prevalence of cannabis use has disproportionately increased in most countries with the implementation of medical or recreational cannabis legalization policies and relevant geographic *** efforts are needed to monitor newly cannabis-legalized countries and prevent initial use.

关键词： prevention legal initially

PENG ZU Study on healthy aging in China(PENG ZU Cohort):Design and Goals

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China CDC weekly 2024年第34期6卷 876-882页

作者： Ju Cui Jing Pang Liqun Zhang Juan Li Xiaolan Wu Xinyi Zhu Wei Ma Senlin Luo Huafang Gao Zhao Wang Jianping Cai Tiemei Zhang The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics Beijing Institute of GeriatricsInstitute of Geriatric MedicineChinese Academy of Medical ScienceBeijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health CommissionBeijingChina Beijing institute of Geriatrics Beijing HospitalBeijingChina institute of Geriatric Medicine Chinese Academy of Medical ScienceBeijing HospitalBeijingChina Center on aging Psychology CAS Key Laboratory of Mental HealthInstitute of PsychologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina institute of healthy Ageing China Research Center on AgeingBeijingChina institute of Statistics and Big Data Renmin University of ChinaBeijingChina Beijing institute of Technology BeijingChina national Human Genetic Resources Center National Research Institute for Family PlanningBeijingChina Department of Pharmacology School of Pharmaceutical SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina

Life expectancy is increasing,leading to the continuous aging of the population in *** the health status of the older population is crucial to achieving healthy *** primary objective of the PENG ZU Study on healthy aging in China(PENG ZU Cohort)is to understand the natural progression of health status among the aging Chinese ***,the PENG ZU cohort aims to identify and validate multidimensional aging markers,uncover the underlying mechanisms of systemic aging and functional decline,and develop novel strategies and measures to delay functional decline and adverse health outcomes,while maintaining overall good *** PENG ZU cohort consists of 26,000 individuals aged 25 to 89 years from seven major geographical regions in *** data and biospecimens are collected according to standardized procedures at baseline and follow-up *** recruitment for the PENG ZU cohort was completed in October *** extensive analysis of multidimensional health-related data and bioresources collected from the cohort is anticipated to develop methods for evaluating functional status and elucidating multilevel,cross-scale interactions and regulatory mechanisms of healthy *** findings from this study will enhance the understanding of health changes due to aging,facilitate efficient and effective interventions to maintain functional ability,and reduce the incidence and severity of age-related diseases,thereby further promoting healthy aging.

关键词： aging thereby maintain

Mechanism of reduction-diffusion reaction in Sm-Fe binary system at low temperature using molten salts

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第10期42卷 1889-1894页

作者： Jungryang Kim Shusuke Okada Kenta Takagi Kimihiro Ozaki Innovative Functional Materials Research institute National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)

In this study,the mechanism of the reduction-diffusion reaction in a Sm-Fe binary system at low temperature was studied to investigate the possibility of synthesis of a Fe-rich TbCu7-type SmFex（x>9）by the low-temperature diffusion-reduction（LTRD） process using LiCl-KCl eutectic molten ***,the Sm-Fe phase transformation depending on the Sm-Fe composition,the LTRD temperature,and time was investigated,and it is found that the obtained metastable phase is only TbCu7-type SmFe～8.5,which is not a Fe-rich *** Fe content does not change even after an expended LTRD process,and the metastable TbCu7-type SmFe～8.5tends to transform to the stable *** addition,it is found that the Sm-Fe phase starts to synthesize from the Sm-rich phase in the order of SmFe2,SmFe3,and SmFe8.5as the LTRD temperature increases（when the time was 10 h） or the LTRD time increases（when the temperature was 550℃）.Core-shell-like particles are observed in the case of a short LTRD time,and the core and the shell are Fe and the Sm-rich Sm-Fe phase,respectively,indicating that the Sm-rich phase begins to produce on the surface of the Fe *** is difficult to synthesize a Fe-rich TbCu7-type SmFex（x>9） phase with the Sm-Fe binary system,suggesting that a different approach,such as addition of other elements,will be necessary.

关键词： Low-temperature synthesis Molten salts Rare earths Reduction-diffusion process Sm–Fe compounds Synthesis mechanism

Electroluminescence from pure resonant states in hBN-based vertical tunneling junctions

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Light(science & Applications) 2024年第8期13卷 1557-1564页

作者： Magdalena Grzeszczyk Kristina Vaklinova Kenji Watanabe Takashi Taniguchi Konstantin SNovoselov Maciej Koperski institute for Functional Intelligent Materials National University of SingaporeSingapore 117544Singapore Research Center for Functional Materials National Institute for Materials ScienceTsukuba 305-0044Japan International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics National Institute for Materials ScienceTsukuba 305-0044Japan Department of Materials science and Engineering National University of SingaporeSingapore 117575Singapore

Defect centers in wide-band-gap crystals have garnered interest for their potential in applications among optoelectronic and sensor ***,defects embedded in highly insulating crystals,like diamond,silicon carbide,or aluminum oxide,have been notoriously difficult to excite electrically due to their large internal *** address this challenge,we realized a new paradigm of exciting defects in vertical tunneling junctions based on carbon centers in hexagonal boron nitride(hBN).The rational design of the devices via van der Waals technology enabled us to raise and control optical processes related to defect-to-band and intradefect *** fundamental understanding of the tunneling events was based on the transfer of the electronic wave function amplitude between resonant defect states in hBN to the metallic state in graphene,which leads to dramatic changes in the characteristics of electrons due to different band structures of constituent *** our devices,the decay of electrons via tunneling pathways competed with radiative recombination,resulting in an unprecedented degree of tuneability of carrier dynamics due to the significant sensitivity of the characteristic tunneling times on the thickness and structure of the *** enabled us to achieve a high-efficiency electrical excitation of intradefect transitions,exceeding by several orders of magnitude the efficiency of optical excitation in the sub-band-gap *** work represents a significant advancement towards a universal and scalable platform for electrically driven devices utilizing defect centers in wide-band-gap crystals with properties modulated via activation of different tunneling mechanisms at a level of device engineering.

关键词： carbide tunneling defect

Reconstructed parallel sites enhance the reactive oxygen tolerance of non-noble metal catalyst for durable proton exchange membrane fuel cells

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science China Chemistry 2024年第11期67卷 3739-3748页

作者： Wenjie Wang Hui Ding Minghao Wang Han Cheng Xiang Shi Lin Wang Chun Wang Wangsheng Chu Yi Xie Changzheng Wu national Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory University of Science and Technology of China School of Chemistry and Materials science CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience University of Science & Technology of China Zhejiang institute of Photoelectronics institute of Energy Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center

The establishment of reactive oxygen species(ROS) elimination sites in iron-nitrogen-carbon(Fe-N-C) electrocatalysts to achieve durable proton-exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs) performance has attracted broad interest. However, realizing ROS removal efficiency and oxygen reduction reaction(ORR) activity within a single system represents a significant challenge to date. Herein, we demonstrate uniform ROS elimination sites and ORR centers through an electrochemical reconstruction method on the parallel sites of Fe@Ce NC electrocatalyst for durable PEMFC. During the reconstruction process, the Fe sites can retain their original configuration. Meanwhile, the pristine Ce clusters will evolve into more efficient, highly dispersed ***, the reconstructed Fe and Ce sites exhibit favorable energy barriers for the ORR and ROS elimination pathways,respectively, thereby maintaining ORR activity and achieving high ROS tolerance. Consequently, the PEMFC assembled with our catalyst shows only a 2% decay in power density after the accelerated durability test. We anticipate that this parallel structure design will provide new insight into the development of more durable electrocatalysts for PEMFCs.

关键词： parallel reaction pathways sites reconstruction oxygen reduction reaction radical elimination fuel cells

Importance of dietary supplementation of soluble and insoluble fibers to sows subjected to high ambient temperatures during late gestation and effects on lactation performance

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 73-83页

作者： Seung Min Oh Abdolreza Hosseindoust Sang Hun Ha Jun Young Mun Joseph Moturi Habeeb Tajudeen Yo Han Choi Su Hyup Lee Jin Soo Kim Gyeongbuk Livestock Research institute Department of Animal Industry Convergence Kangwon National University Swine Division National Institute of Animal Science Rural Development Administration Department of Swine science Korea National University of Agriculture and Fisheries

Heat stress adversely affects sows' performance, which can be improved by applying proper nutritional strategies. This study was conducted to investigate the interactive effects of dietary fiber levels and sources on sows' reproductive performance, metabolic response during gestation, and the carry-over influence on litter performance in the lactation period during heat stress(average room temperature of 27.1°C). Fifty-four multiparous sows(Landrace × Yorkshire; initial body weight of 236.3 ± 16 kg; 2, 3and 4 parities) at d 90 of gestation were assigned to a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement(9 sows/treatment),involving 2 dietary fiber levels(4.5% and 6% crude fiber) and 3 dietary fiber sources(wheat bran [WB],palm kernel meal [PK], and beet pulp [BP]). Sows fed the BP diet had highest(P < 0.01) feed intake and constipation index and lowest(P < 0.01) farrowing duration. Piglet weight(P = 0.041) and litter weight(P < 0.01) at weaning were higher in sows in the BP treatment compared to PK treatment. Sows in the BP treatment showed the greatest(P < 0.01) digestibility of crude protein and neutral detergent fiber. The fecal concentration of acetate was the lowest(P < 0.01) in the PK treatment. Total short-chain fatty acid production was increased in the WB and BP treatments compared with the PK. Sows in the BP treatment showed the lowest(P = 0.036) hair cortisol. The blood insulin concentration of sows was higher(P = 0.026) in the high fiber(6%) treatment compared with the low fiber(4.5%) treatment at 90 min and120 min after the meal. The concentration of phthalic acid, succinic acid, phenylethylamine, hydrocinnamic acid, iron, linoleic acid, glycerol, ketone, and formamide were increased(P < 0.05) in the BP treatment compared with the WB. The BP treatment with high soluble fiber content improved the constipation index, farrowing duration, and litter performance, while high insoluble fibers increased sows comfort and reduced stress factors including respiratory rate and rectal

关键词： Soluble fiber Insoluble fiber Beet pulp Wheat bran Palm kernel Metabolites

Bioinspired sensing-memory-computing integrated vision systems: biomimetic mechanisms, design principles, and applications

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science China(Information sciences) 2024年第5期67卷 5-27页

作者： Yujie HUANG Yinlong TAN Yan KANG Yabo CHEN Yuhua TANG Tian JIANG institute for Quantum Information and State Key Laboratory of High Performance Computing College of Computer National University of Defense Technology College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies National University of Defense Technology institute for Quantum science and Technology College of ScienceNational University of Defense Technology

With the explosion of sensory data in the Internet of Things(Io T) era, conventional machine vision systems are becoming increasingly difficult to meet the requirements of high efficiency, low energy consumption, and low latency due to their inherent shortcomings of separate sensing, memory, and computing units. Inspired by the retina and neuromorphic computing, the sensing-memory-computing integrated vision system(SMCVS) that features low power consumption, low latency, and high parallelism has been considered a promising technology to surpass the von Neumann architecture and realize strong artificial ***, novel materials like two-dimensional semiconductors and quantum dots with novel optoelectronic performance provide hardware carriers for implementing integrated sensing-memory-computing architectures,attracting considerable attention. This paper reviews the recent research progress in bioinspired vision systems in terms of biomimetic mechanisms, design principles, computational architectures, and ***, the biomimetic mechanisms are illustrated to guide the design of high-performance artificial visual perception systems. Then the research progress of optoelectronic-synapse-based bioinspired vision systems in the device principles and applications including image filtering, color recognition, visual adaptation, and motion detection are summarized. Finally, the challenges and future developing directions of the SMCVS are provided regarding bionic application, architecture design, and device fabrication.

关键词： sensing-memory-computing architecture neuromorphic computing retinomorphic device image recognition visual system

Simulating a Chern Insulator with C = ±2 on Synthetic Floquet Lattice

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Chinese Physics Letters 2024年第9期41卷 4-11页

作者：雷凌霄王伟臣黄光耀胡顺曹希张鑫方邓明堂陈平形 institute for Quantum science and Technology College of ScienceNational University of Defense Technology institute for Quantum Information & State Key Laboratory of High Performance Computing College of Computer Science and Technology National University of Defense Technology Greatwall Quantum Laboratory Hefei national Laboratory

The synthetic Floquet lattice, generated by multiple strong drives with mutually incommensurate frequencies,provides a powerful platform for quantum simulation of topological phenomena. In this study, we propose a 4-band tight-binding model of the Chern insulator with a Chern number C = ±2 by coupling two layers of the half Bernevig-Hughes-Zhang lattice and subsequently mapping it onto the Floquet lattice to simulate its topological properties.

关键词： Quantum computers

Progress on early diagnosing Alzheimer’s disease

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Frontiers of Medicine 2024年第3期18卷 446-464页

作者： Yixin Chen Murad Al-Nusaif Song Li Xiang Tan Huijia Yang Huaibin Cai Weidong Le Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalian116021China Transgenic Section Laboratory of NeurogeneticsNational Institute on AgingNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMD20892USA institute of Neurology Sichuan Provincial People’s HospitalUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research HospitalChengdu610072China

Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects both cognition and non-cognition *** disease follows a continuum,starting with preclinical stages,progressing to mild cognitive and behavioral impairment,ultimately leading to *** detection of AD is crucial for better diagnosis and more effective ***,the current AD diagnostic tests of biomarkers using cerebrospinal fluid and/or brain imaging are invasive or expensive,and mostly are still not able to detect early disease ***,there is an urgent need to develop new diagnostic techniques with higher sensitivity and specificity during the preclinical stages of *** non-cognitive manifestations,including behavioral abnormalities,sleep disturbances,sensory dysfunctions,and physical changes,have been observed in the preclinical AD stage before occurrence of notable cognitive *** research advances have identified several biofluid biomarkers as early indicators of *** review focuses on these non-cognitive changes and newly discovered biomarkers in AD,specifically addressing the preclinical stages of the ***,it is of importance to explore the potential for developing a predictive system or network to forecast disease onset and progression at the early stage of AD.

关键词： Alzheimer’s disease early diagnosis non-cognitive symptoms biomarkers