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A convolutional recurrent neural network for strong convective rainfall nowcasting using weather radar data in Southeastern Brazil

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Artificial Intelligence in Geosciences 2022年第1期3卷 8-13页

作者： Angelica N.Caseri Leonardo Bacelar Lima Santos Stephan Stephany CEMADEN-Estrada Dr.Altino Bondensan 500-Eug^enio de MeloS.J.CamposBrazil inpe-av.dos astronautas 1758-Jardim da GranjaS.J.Campos12.227-001Brazil

Strong convective systems and the associated heavy rainfall events can trig-ger floods and landslides with severe detrimental *** events have a high spatio-temporal variability,being difficult to predict by standard meteorological numerical *** work proposes the M5Images method for performing the very short-term prediction(nowcasting)of heavy convective rainfall using weather radar data by means of a convolutional recurrent neural *** recurrent part of it is a Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM)neural *** tests were performed for the city and surroundings of Campinas,located in the Southeastern *** convolutional recurrent neural network was trained using time series of rainfall rate images derived from weather radar data for a selected set of heavy rainfall *** attained pre-diction performance was better than that given by the persistence forecasting method for different prediction times.

关键词： Nowcasting Rainfall Extreme events Weather radar Deep learning

Past,present and future of the Resonant-Mass gravitational wave detectors

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2011年第1期11卷 1-42页

作者： Odylio Denys Aguiar Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais Divisao de Astrofísica Av. dos Astronautas 1758 So José dos Campos 12227-010 SP Brazil

Resonant-mass gravitational wave detectors are reviewed from the concept of gravitational waves and its mathematical derivation, using Einstein＇s general relativity, to the present status of bars and spherical detectors, and their prospects for the future, which include dual detectors and spheres with non-resonant transducers. The review not only covers technical aspects of detectors and sciences that will be done, but also analyzes the subject in a historical perspective, covering the various detection efforts over four decades, starting from Weber＇s pioneering work.

关键词： gravitation -- gravitational waves -- instrumentation: detectors

Spatiotemporal Variability of Methane over the Amazon from Satellite Observations

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2016年第7期33卷 852-864页

作者： Igor Oliveira RIBEIRO] Rodrigo Augusto Ferreira de SOUZA Rita Valeria ANDREOLI Mary Toshie KAYANO Patrfcia dos Santos COSTA Post-Graduate Program in Climate and Environment CLIAMBINPA/UEAAv.Andre Araujo2936Campus 11Aleixo69060-001ManausAMBrasil Amazonas State University Superior School of TechnologyAv.Darcy Vargas1200Parque 10 de Novembro69065-020ManausAMBrasil National Institute for Space Research Center For Weather Forecasting and Climate ResearchAv.dos Astronautas175812227-010Sao Josd dos CamposSPBrasil

The spatiotemporal variability of the greenhouse gas methane （CH4） in the atmosphere over the Amazon is studied using data from the space-borne measurements of the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder on board NASA＇s AQUA satellite for the period 2003-12. The results show a pronounced variability of this gas over the Amazon Basin lowlands region, where wetland areas occur. CH4 has a well-defined seasonal behavior, with a progressive increase of its concentration during the dry season, followed by a decrease during the wet season. Concerning this variability, the present study indicates the important role of ENSO in modulating the variability of CH4 emissions over the northern Amazon, where this association seems to be mostly linked to changes in flooded areas in response to ENSO-related precipitation changes. In this region, a CH4 decrease （increase） is due to the E1 Nifio-related （La Nifia-related） dryness （wetness）. On the other hand, an increase （decrease） in the biomass burning over the southeastern Amazon during very dry （wet） years explains the increase （decrease） in CH4 emissions in this region. The present analysis identifies the two main areas of the Amazon, its northern and southeastern sectors, with remarkable interannual variations of CH4. This result might be useful for future monitoring of the variations in the concentration of CH4, the second-most important greenhouse gas, in this area.

关键词： climate variability methane satellite data Amazon region

Characteristics of low altitude ionospheric electric field over Hainan Island,China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2017年第4期60卷 770-775页

作者： LI RenKang CHEN Tao MAN Feng JIANG XiuJie LUO Jing HE ZhaoHai ZHANG HuiMing WANG LinFeng LIU Cheng Francisco Carlos de MENESES WANG GuoJun XU JiYao State Key Laboratory of Space Weather National Space Science CenterChinese Academy of Sciences College of Earth Science University of Chinese Academy of Sciences National Institute for Space Research Av dos Astronautas 1758CEP 12227-010 Sao Jose dos Campos

A sounding rocket experiment undertaken by the Chinese Meridian Project from a low latitude station on Hainan Island(19.5°N,109.1°E),China,measured the DC electric field during 05:45-05:52 LT on April 5,*** data observed using a set of electric field double probes,as part of the rocket's scientific payload,revealed the special profile of how the vectors of the DC electric field vary with altitude between 130 and 190 *** the experiment,the vertical electric field was downward,and the maximum vertical electric field was nearly 5.1 mV/m near the altitude of 176 *** zonal electric field was eastward and slightly less than 0.6 mV/*** plasma drift velocity was estimated from the E×B motion,and the zonal drift velocity was eastward and of the order of 100 m/*** zonal wind velocity was also estimated using the drift velocity near the maximum density height in the F1-region,and it was found to be nearly 120 m/*** work constituted the first in situ measurement of the DC electric field conducted within the Fl-region(between 130 and 190 km) in the East Asian Sector.

关键词： Kuroshio intrusion Luzon Strait South China Sea Nonlinear dynamics

Droughts in Homogeneous Areas of South America and Associated Processes during the Months of Austral Spring and Summer

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第12期41卷 2337-2353页

作者： Mariah Sousa GOMES Iracema Fonseca de Albuquerque CavALCANTI Gabriela V.MULLER General Coordination of Earth Science(CGCT) National Institute for Space Research(INPE)Avenida dos Astronautas1758CEP:12227-010Sao Josédos CamposSPBrasil National Scientific and Technical Research Council(CONICET) Argentina -Santa Fe Argentina

Droughts that occurred in selected areas located in homogeneous regions of South America during the austral springs(SON)and summers(DJF)from 1982 to 2019 are identified using the Standard Precipitation Index(SPI).Four areas were analyzed for droughts in SON,and three areas were analyzed for droughts in *** areas in the Amazon suffered from the majority of their droughts during El Niño years,while most of the droughts in the areas of southern Brazil,Uruguay,and North Argentina occurred during La Niña *** southeastern and central-western parts of Brazil,droughts occurred during both phases of El Nino-Southern Oscillation(ENSO)and also during neutral ***,other processes besides ENSO are likely related to the observed *** droughts were investigated for each area and month,and composites of atmospheric and oceanic variables during both seasons were analyzed for the selected *** and large-scale field composites were examined to identify the main processes associated with dry conditions in the different *** features were related to the influence of high pressure over southern and southeastern areas and the divergence of moisture flux in all *** circulations contributed to subsidence over the dry *** large-scale influential features include SST anomalies,wavetrains over the South Pacific Ocean with centers of action over South America that produced subsidence in the study areas,and convection anomalies in the Maritime continent and surrounding ***,the droughts were associated with a combination of regional and large-scale features that produced subsidence over the analyzed regions.

关键词： droughts South America regional features large-scale features

Mapping data gaps to estimate biomass across Brazilian Amazon forests

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Forest Ecosystems 2020年第3期7卷 334-348页

作者： Graciela Tejada Eric Bastos Görgens Alex Ovando Jean Pierre Ometto Earth System Science Center(CCST) National Institute for Space Research(INPE)Av dos Astronautas 1758São Josédos CamposSP12227-010Brazil Department of Forestry Engineering Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e MucuriCampus JKRod.MGT 367km 5835000Alto do JacubaDiamantinaMG39100-000Brazil National Center for Monitoring and Early Warning of Natural Disasters(CEMADEN) Estrada Doutor Alino Bondesani 500São Josédos CamposSP12247-016Brazil

Background: Tropical forests play a fundamental role in the provision of diverse ecosystem services, such as biodiversity,climate and air quality regulation, freshwater provision, carbon cycling, agricultural support and culture. To understand the role of forests in the carbon balance, aboveground biomass(AGB) estimates are needed. Given the importance of Brazilian tropical forests, there is an urgent need to improve AGB estimates to support the Brazilian commitments under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(UNFCCC). Many AGB maps and datasets exist, varying in availability, scale and coverage. Thus, stakeholders, policy makers and scientists must decide which AGB product, dataset or combination of data to use for their particular goals. In this study, we assessed the gaps in the spatial AGB data across the Brazilian Amazon forests not only to orient the decision makers about the data that are currently available but also to provide a guide for future ***: We obtained a map of the gaps in the forest AGB spatial data for the Brazilian Amazon using statistics and differences between AGB maps and a spatial multicriteria evaluation that considered the current AGB datasets. The AGB spatial data gap map represents areas with good coverage of AGB data and, consequently, the main gaps or priority areas where further biomass assessments should focus, including the northeast of Amazon State, Amapá and northeast of Pará. Additional y, by quantifying the variability in both the AGB maps and field data on multiple environmental factors,we provide valuable elements for understanding the current AGB data as a function of climate, soil, vegetation and ***: The map of AGB data gaps could become a useful tool for policy makers and different stakeholders working on National Communications, Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation(REDD+), or carbon emissions modeling to prioritize places to implement further AGB a

关键词： Amazon Tropical forest Carbon Aboveground biomass Data gaps REDD+ Environmental factors

Deforestation in Latin America in the 2000s predominantly occurred outside of typical mature forests

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The Innovation 2024年第3期5卷 88-98页

作者： Zhiyu Zhang Wenjian Ni Shaun Quegan Jingming Chen Peng Gong Luiz Carlos Estraviz Rodriguez Huadong Guo Jiancheng Shi Liangyun Liu Zengyuan Li Yating He Qinhuo Liu Yosio Shimabukuro Guoqing Sun Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Shijingshan DistrictBeijing 100049China Chinal of Mathematics and Statistics University of SheffieldSheffield S37RHUK Department of Geography and Program in Planning University of TorontoTorontoON M5S 3G3Canada Department of Earth Sciences and Department of Geography University of Hong KongHong KongChina Forest Science Department Luiz de Queiroz College of AgricultureUniversity of São PauloAv.Pádua Dias11Piracicaba 13418-900Brazil National Space Science Center Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Institute of Forest Resource Information Techniques Chinese Academy of ForestryBeijing 100091China Research Institute of Forest Policy and Information Chinese Academy of ForestryBeijing 100091China Remote Sensing Department National Institute for Space Research(INPE)Av.dos Astronautas 1758São Josédos Campos 12227-010Brazil Department of Geographical Sciences University of MarylandCollege ParkMD 20742USA

The role of tropical forests in the global carbon budget remains controversial,as carbon emissions from deforestation are highly *** high uncertainty arises from the use of either fixed forest carbon stock density or maps generated from satellite-based optical reflectance with limited sensitivity to biomass to generate accurate estimates of emissions from *** space missions aiming to accurately map the carbon stock density rely on direct measurements of the spatial structures of forests using lidar and *** found that lost forests are special cases,and their spatial structures can be directly measured by combining archived data acquired before and after deforestation by space missions principally aimed at measuring ***,using biomass mapping,we obtained new estimates of carbon loss from deforestation ahead of forthcoming space ***,using a high-resolution map of forest loss and the synergy of radar and lidar to estimate the aboveground biomass density of forests,we found that deforestation in the 2000s in Latin America,one of the severely deforested regions,mainly occurred in forests with a significantly lower carbon stock density than typical mature forests.

关键词： forest Latin lidar

Study of Reinforcement Distribution,Adhesion between Layers,and Porosity Induced by FDM

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材料科学与工程（中英文A版） 2021年第2期11卷 56-62页

作者： Arthur Wernke Rafael dos Santos Leonardo Santos Manuel Barcelos Jr Emmanuel Lima Laboratório Associado de Sensores e Materiais Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais(INPE)Avenida dos Astronautas 1758São Josédos Campos-SP 12245-970Brazil Faculdade do Gama(FGA) Universidade de Brasília(UnB)St.Leste Projeção AGama-DF 72444-240Brazil

This study aims to understand the distribution of reinforcement material in the matrix,evaluate the adherence between layers,and determine the air gap between printing *** printed the specimen with two different composite materials,Polylactic Acid(PLA)reinforced with acrylic particles,and another filament reinforced with short carbon *** the observations of the samples,we used a Confocal *** estimated the porosity of the material by comparing the expected mass with that achieved after *** pixel count,after binarization,we found the average percentage of acrylate *** showed fair distribution through the PLA matrix even after the manufacturing *** determination of fibers alignment was made by binarization of image,together with k-means and edge *** combination of methods allows estimating the fiber alignment by orientation straight *** manufacturing process did not offer good alignment of the fibers,even with the filament initially well aligned.

关键词： 3D printing porosity in 3D printed parts 3D printed composite materials

Extreme Events Assessment Methodology Coupling Debris Flow,Flooding and Tidal Levels in the Coastal Floodplain of the Sao Paulo North Coast(Brazil)

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International Journal of Geosciences 2013年第5期4卷 30-38页

作者： Rafael de Oliveira Sakai Diego Lourenco Cartacho Emilia Arasaki Paolo Alfredini Alessandro Pezzoli Wilson Cabral de Sousa Junior Maurizio Rosso Luca Magni Polytechnic School of Sao Paulo University Department of Hydraulic and Environmental EngineeringHarbour and Coastal Area of the Hydraulic LaboratoryAvenida Professor Luciano GualbertoTravessa 3n.380Cidade UniversitariaSao PauloBrazil National Institute of for Space Research Av.Dos Astronautas n.1758Sao Jose dos CamposSao PauloBrazil Polytechnic of Torino Engineering FacultyDepartment of EnvironmentLand and Infrastructure EngineeringCorso Duca degli Abruzzi n.24TorinoItaly Technological Institute of Aeronautics Infrastructure Engineering DivisionDepartment of Hydric Resources and Environmental SanitationPraca Marechal Eduardo Gomes n.50ITA-IEISao Jose dos CamposSao PauloBrazil Studio Rosso Ingegneri Associati s.r.l. Corso Principe OddoneTorinoItaly

The North Coastal Region of the State of S?o Paulo, which comprises the Municipalities of Caraguatatuba, S?o Sebasti?o, Ilhabela and Ubatuba, is one of the most prone to flooding and debris flow deposition Brazilian areas, owing to hydrological extreme rainfall events usually coupled with extreme tidal levels. This risk is also high due to human lives and material assets, with increasing population rates and the establishment of large companies such as the Oil industry, with reduced defense/prevention measures and *** catastrophic scenario of the city of Caraguatatuba, in March 1967, resulting from one of the most serious natural disasters in Brazil, fosters discussions about probabilities of heavy rainfall-caused events and rise in the sea level in coastal areas. Hence, this research is a consequence of this reality. The research is founded on an innovative methodology based on the analysis of past data of rainfall and tidal stations, complemented with debris flow registers in the region of the north coastal zone of the State of S?o Paulo (Brazil). The anaysis developed involved the meteorological, hydraulic, geotechnical and statistical knowledge *** results are intended to be used for urban planning, designs of macro-drainage, fluvial, maritime projects and debris flow retention structures. These practical applications will then associate the probability of occurrence of certain types of heavy rainfall-caused events such as flooding or debris flow coupled with a corresponding increase in tidal levels.

关键词： Meteorology Hydrology Maritime Hydraulics Rainfall Tidal Levels Extreme Events Natural Disasters Geomorphology Debris-Flow Flooding