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Laser-induced plasma formation in water with up to 400 mJ double-pulse LIBS

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Plasma Science and Technology 2024年第1期26卷 93-100页

作者： Marion HeNKeL Michelle SIeMeNS Ralf MeTHLING Benjamin eMDe Jörg HeRMSDORF Steffen FRANKe Diego GONZALeZ Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology(INP) Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 2Greifswald 17489Germany Laser Zentrum Hannover e.v.(LZH) Hollerithallee 8Hannover 30419Germany

Double-pulse LIBS is a promising technique for deep-sea *** measurements in shallow water with up to 400 mJ each pulse were done to select laser parameters which promote optimized spectral line emission from plasma even at elevated pressures,where line broadening until loss of most of the spectral information can *** emission spectroscopy,using a Czerny-Turner spectrometer,has been applied to investigate the dependence of the emitted radiation on laser parameters and hydrostatic *** has been found,that higher laser pulse energies,especially with short pulse delay as required in high water pressure,can also have an adverse effect on the measured spectrum.

关键词： double-pulse LIBS underwater plasma formation emission spectrosocpy

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Deep learning-based detection of indicator species for monitoring biodiversity in semi-natural grasslands

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e.v.ronmental Science and ecotechnology 2024年第5期21卷 238-247页

作者： Deepak H.Basavegowda Inga Schleip Paul Mosebach Cornelia Weltzien Technische Universitat Berlin Straße des 17.Juni 13510623BerlinGermany Leibniz-Institut für Agrartechnik und Biookonomie e.v.(ATB) Max-Eyth-Allee 10014469PotsdamGermany Hochschule für nachhaltige entwicklung eberswalde Schicklerstraße 516225EberswaldeGermany

Deep learning(DL)has huge potential to provide.v.luable insights into biodiversity changes in speciesrich agricultural ecosystems such as semi-natural grasslands,helping to prioritize and plan conse.v.tion ***,DL has been underexplored in grassland conse.v.tion efforts,hindered by data scarcity,intricate ecosystem interactions,and limited economic ***,we developed a DL-based object-detection model to identify indicator species,a group of vascular plant species that se.v. as surrogates for biodiversity assessment in high nature.v.lue(HNv)*** selected indicator species Armeria maritima,Campanula patula,Cirsium oleraceum,and Daucus *** overcome the hurdle of limited data,we grew indicator plants under controlled greenhouse conditions,generating a sufficient dataset for DL model *** model was initially trained on this greenhouse ***,smaller datasets derived from an experimental grassland plot and natural grasslands were added to the training to facilitate the transition from greenhouse to field *** optimized model achieved remarkable average precision(AP)on test datasets,with 98.6 AP50 on greenhouse data,98.2 AP50 on experimental grassland data,and 96.5 AP50 on semi-natural grassland *** findings highlight the innovative application of greenhouse-grown specimens for the in-situ identification of plants,bolstering biodiversity monitoring in grassland ***,the study illuminates the promising role of DL techniques in conse.v.tion programs,particularly as a monitoring tool to support result-based agrie.v.ronment schemes.

关键词： Species-rich grasslands Biodiversity monitoring Object detection Cross-domain knowledge transfer

From non-carbon host toward carbon-free lithium-sulfur batteries

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Nano Research 2024年第3期17卷 1337-1365页

作者： Yanqi Feng Hui Liu Qiongqiong Lu School of Materials Science and engineering Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Functionalization for Inorganic MaterialsShaanxi University of Science and TechnologyXi’an 710021China Institute of Materials Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Conductor MaterialsHenan Academy of SciencesZhengzhou 450046China Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research(IFW)Dresden e.v. Helmholtzstraβe 2001069 DresdenGermany School of Materials&e.v.ronment engineering Chengdu Technological UniversityChengdu 611730China

Lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries with advantages of high energy densities(2600 Wh·kg^(-1)/2800 Wh·L^(-1))and sulfur abundance are regarded as promising candidates for next-generation high-energy ***,the conventional carbon host used in sulfur cathodes suffers from poor chemical adsorption towards Li-polysulfides(LPS)in liquid electrolyte and sluggish redox kinetics,leading to low capacity and rate ***,carbon host used in Li metal anode with the intrinsic property of poor lithiophilicity and high Li-nucleation barrier gives rise to uncontrollable dendrite growth and further battery ***,non-carbon hosts with chemical adsorption toward LPS and catalytic activity for accelerating LPS redox conversion as well as lithiophilic property for guiding uniform Li deposition are proposed and demonstrated a high efficiency in both sulfur cathodes and Li metal *** this review,the principle and challenges of Li-S batteries are first presented,then recent work using non-carbon hosts in Li-S batteries is summarized comprehensively,and the mechanism of non-carbon host in improving sulfur utilization and stabilizing Li metal anode is discussed in ***,remaining challenges and outlook on the implementation of non-carbon host for practical carbon-free Li-S batteries are also provided.

关键词： sulfur cathode Li metal anode polysulfides adsorption catalytic effect Li dendrite carbon-free lithium-sulfur batteries

Minerals in edible insects:a review of content and potential for sustainable sourcing

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年第1期13卷 65-74页

作者： Mingxing Lu Chenxu Zhu Sergiy Smetana Ming Zhao Haibo Zhang Fang Zhang Yuzhou Du College of Plant Protection&Institute of Applied entomology Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009China German Institute of Food Technologies(DIL e.v.) Quakenbrück D-49610Germany Jiangsu Plant Protection and Plant Quarantine Station Nanjing 210036China Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009China

In response to the rapid increase in world population and subsequent demands for food,edible insects represent an alternative food source for humans that is rich in proteins,amino acids and *** is a tradition in many countries including China and Thailand,and edible insects have attracted a lot of attention in Western World due to their suitable nutrient composition,high mineral content(e.g.,Fe,Zn,Ca,Mg)and potential use as a supplement in human *** this study,we surveyed mineral content in seven insect orders and 67 species of mass produced and wild-harvested edible *** total content of essential elements in edible insects was very high in Tenebrio molitor,Bombyx mori,and Zonocerus *** he.v. metal content(summarized for eight species)was below the maximum limit allowed for safe *** supply of minerals derived from insect biomass is complicated due to the high variations of mineral content in insects and the potential of its change due to processing.

关键词： edible insects Minerals Nutrition Food safety Sustainability

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enlarged interlayer of separator coating enabling high-performance lithiumsulfur batteries

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and engineering 2024年第2期18卷 103-112页

作者： Yanqi Feng Hui Liu Xiaoting Liu Qiongqiong Lu School of Materials&e.v.ronment engineering Chengdu Technological UniversityChengdu 611730China School of Materials Science and engineering Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Functionalization for Inorganic MaterialsShaanxi University of Science and TechnologyXi’an 710021China Green Catalysis Center and College of ChemistryZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001China Institute of Materials Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Conductor MaterialsHenan Academy of SciencesZhengzhou 450046China Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research(IFW) Dresden e.V.Dresden 01069Germany

Lithiumsulfur batteries have been intensively studied due to their high theoretical energy density and abundant sulfur resources. However, their commercial application is hindered by the low redox kinetics and high sulfur losses. In principle, in the design of cathodes and separators, the adsorption toward lithium-polysulfides should be enhanced and the conversion of soluble high-order lithium-polysulfides should be catalyzed. Herein, a Kv_(3)O_(8)·0.75H_(2)O separator is designed as an effective lithium-polysulfides mediator in lithiumsulfur batteries. The intercalated K+ would enlarge the interlayer spacing of vanadium oxides, preventing the collapse of the layer structure and improving the electrical/ion conductivity of the interface. More.v.r, the Kv_(3)O_(8)·0.75H_(2)O modified separator possess a prior adsorption and high redox kinetics toward lithium-polysulfides due to the enhanced diffusion kinetics, which guarantees the high-rate capability and efficient utilization of sulfur. As a result, lithiumsulfur batteries exhibit a high capacity of 1362 mAh·g^(-1) and a long lifespan with a low capacity loss of 0.073% per cycle. This work may provide an alternative way to establish a functional separator to balance the adsorption and conversion of polysulfides during the redox back and forth.

关键词： lithium kinetics adsorption

Generation and transformation ofα-oxy carbene intermediates enabled by copper-catalyzed carbonylation

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Green Carbon 2024年第1期2卷 70-80页

作者： Yang Yuan Xiao-Feng Wu Dalian National Laboratory for Clean energy Dalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences116023 DalianLiaoningChina Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.v. Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a18059 RostockGermany

Since the Fischer-Tropsch reaction was discovered by Otto Roelen in 1938,transition metal-catalyzed carbo-nylation reactions come in as one of the most important methods for preparing carbonyl-containing and carbon chain-increased *** a result,the field of carbonylation research has rece.v.d considerable attention over the past decades and continues to *** the continuous development of carbonylation and the in-depth study of the mechanism,more mechanistic details and variations have been revealed,which provide more possibilities for organic ***,copper catalysis has been introduced to the carbonylative functio-nalization of alkenes,thus enabling the rapid assembly of functionalized carbonyl compounds from simple starting *** this Account,we summarize the new findings in the Cu-catalyzed borocarbonylation of alkenes based on the generation and transformation ofα-oxy carbene *** believe that the results presented in this Account will further inspire the design of new carbonylation reactions.

关键词： Carbonylation Copper catalyst Carbene Carbon monoxide Domino reaction

A cross-sectional analysis of the effectiveness of a nutritional support programme for people with tuberculosis in Southern Madagascar using secondary data from a non-governmental organisation

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2024年第1期13卷 101-102页

作者： Mara Anna Franke Julius valentin emmrich Fierenantsoa Ranjaharinony Onja GbrilleRavololohanitra Harizaka emmanuel Andriamasy Samuel Knauss Nadine Muller Global Digital Health Lab at Charité Center for Global Health Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine London UK Ärzte Für Madagaskar e.v. Leipzig Germany Heidelberg Institute of Global Health Heidelberg University Heidelberg Germany Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany Doctors for Madagascar Antananarivo Madagascar Speciality Network: Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany

Background There is a strong,bi-directional link between tuberculosis(TB)and undernutrition:TB often causes undernutrition,and undernourished people are more likely to contract TB and experience worse ***,several TB nutritional support programmes exist;however,evidence on their effectiveness is limited and *** study evaluates the effect of a nutritional support programme implemented for people with TB in the Atsimo-Andrefana region,Madagascar in *** this programme,undernourished people with TB[with a body mass index(BMI)ofece.v. 0.6 L of vegetable oil and 6.0 kg of a soy-wheat blend per month throughout their TB *** We analysed secondary non-governmental organisation data collected between January and Novem-ber 2022 in the Atsimo-Andrefana region,Southern Madagascar,including information on an individual's medical conditions(e.g.,type of TB,treatment outcomes)and nutritional status measured prior to,during,and after comple-tion of treatment(e.g.,height,weight,mid-upper arm circumference).We conducted descriptive analyses of patient baseline characteristics and outcomes to assess the impact of the provided nutritional support on the BMI of people With *** A total of 1310 people with TB were included in the study[9.9%(130)children under the age of 5,32.1%(420)children between 5 and 18 years,58.0%(760)adults].55.4% of children under 5,28.1% of children between ages 5 and 18,and 81.3%of adults were undernourished at treatment initiation.42.3%(55/130)of children under 5 experi-enced severe acute malnutrition at treatment *** the average BMl of adults with TB rece.v.ng food support increased over time,from 17.1 kg/m^(2)(interquartile range:15.8-18.3,range:10.3-22.5)to 17.9 kg/m^(2)(interquartile range:16.6-19.1,range:11.9-24.1),most adults remained undernourished even after completing TB *** The current TB nutritional support programme falls short of sufficiently increasing the BM

关键词： Tuberculosis Sub-Saharan Africa Undernutrition Nutritional support

Palladium-catalyzed oxidative double alkoxycarbonylation of ethylene toward succinic acid derivatives

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Green Carbon 2024年第2期2卷 205-208页

作者： Zhi-Peng Bao Cunyao Li Li Yan Yunjie Ding Xiao-Feng Wu Dalian National Laboratory for Clean energy Dalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalianLiaoning 116023China Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.v. Rostock 18059Germany

employing biodegradable plastics is one of the choices to solve white pollution *** succinate(PBS),as a biodegradable plastic with good stability and heat resistance,is produced by polymerization of succinic acid and butylene ***,inadequate supply of the direct upstream material succinic acid restricts the development of this *** this work,we provide a carbonylative strategy to construct succinic acid derivatives from carbon monoxide(CO),ethylene and *** reaction catalyzed by palladium catalyst under oxidative conditions.

关键词： ethylene Alcohols Palladium Carbonylation Succinic acid derivatives

Defective MnO2 functional separator coating as effective polysulfide mediators for lithium–sulfur batteries

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Tungsten 2024年第3期6卷 536-543页

作者： Yan-Qi Feng Qiong-Qiong Lu Hui Liu School of Materials & e.v.ronment engineering Chengdu Technological University School of Materials Science and engineering Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Functionalization for Inorganic Materials Shaanxi University of Science and Technology Institute of Materials Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Conductor Materials Henan Academy of Sciences Institute of Materials Chemistry Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW) Dresden e.V.

Advanced energy storage systems are in urgent need nowadays due to the rising demand in mobile devices and electric vehicles [1]. Lithium–sulfur（Li–S） batteries are intensively studied due to the high theoretical specific capacity(1675 m Ah·g-1) and energy density(2600 Wh·kg-1), as well as natural abundant and e.v.ronmentally friendly of sulfur.

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