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Assessment of slow deformations and landslide modelling in the urban area through a multi-methodological approach

Journal of earth Science 2024年

作者： Fabio Ietto Massimo Conforti Cristiano Tolomei Federico Cella Giuseppe Cianflone Università degli Studi della Calabria， dipartimento di Biologia， ecologia e Scienze della Terra (diBeST)， via P.Bucci， Cubo 15B， 87036 Consiglio nazionale Ricerche (CNR)， istituto di Ricerca per la Protezione Idrogeologica (IRPI)， via Cavour ingv-istituto nazionale di geofisica e vulcanologia， via di vigna murata 605 Università di Camerino， Scuola di Scienze e Tecnologia， Sez.Geologia， via Gentile III da Varano 27

Slow-moving landslides are widespread in the Mediterranean area， causing damage to the exposed facilities and economic losses in many countries. The recognition of slow-moving landslides in urban areas is always a difficult task to deal with because the presence of buildings， infrastructures， and human activities usually conceals the morphological signs of these landslide activities. So， in the last decades， numerous researchers have shown new methodologies to deepen the studies of similar instability phenomena. The present research is based on an integrated approach to investigate the landslide boundaries， type of movement， failure surface depth， and vulnerability state of buildings in Rota Greca village (Calabria region， southern Italy) affected by a slow-moving landslide. For this purpose， multi-source data were acquired through geological and geomorphological surveys， recognition of landslide-induced damage on the built environment， subsurface investigations (e.g.， continuous drill boreholes， Standard Penetration Test， Rock Quality Designation index and inclinometer monitoring)， laboratory tests (direct shear tests on undisturbed samples)， geophysical survey， and InSAR-derived map of deformation rates. The complete integration of multi-source data allowed for the construction of reliable landslide modelling with relative geotechnical properties. In addition， the cross-comparison between surface deformation data by SAR images and severity damage level collected on the exposed buildings enabled to obtain the vulnerability map of the built area. In particular， the achieved goals highlighted two failure surfaces at about -13 and -25 m depth， causing a high vulnerability value for the buildings allocated in the central portion of the Rota Greca village. The knowledge acquired by the multi-approach can be used to manage and implement appropriate landslide risk mitigation strategies， providing helpful advice and best practices to state-run organisations and stakeholder

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Tidal drag and westward drift of the lithosphere

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Geoscience Frontiers 2023年第6期14卷 102-116页

作者： Vincenzo Nesi Oscar Bruno Davide Zaccagnino Corrado Mascia Carlo Doglioni dipartimento di Matematica Guido Castelnuovo Piazzale Aldo Moro5Roma 00185Italy istituto nazionale di geofisica e vulcanologia Via di Vigna Murata605Roma 00143Italy Computing and Mathematical Sciences Department Caltech1200 E.California Blvd.MC 305-16Pasadena 91125CAUSA dipartimento di Scienze della Terra Piazzale Aldo Moro5Roma 00185Italy

Tidal forces are generally neglected in the discussion about the mechanisms driving plate tectonics despite a worldwide geodynamic asymmetry also observed at subduction and rift *** tidal drag could theoretically explain the westerly shift of the lithosphere relative to the underlying ***,viscosity in the asthenosphere is apparently too high to allow mechanical decoupling produced by tidal ***,we propose a model for global scale geodynamics accompanied by numerical simulations of the tidal interaction of the earth with the Moon and the *** provide for the first time a theoretical proof that the tidal drag can produce a westerly motion of the lithosphere,also compatible with the slowing of the earth’s rotational *** results suggest a westerly rotation of the lithosphere with a lower bound ofω≈(0.1-0.2)°/Myr in the presence of a basal effective shear viscosityη≈10^(16)Pa-s,but it may rise toω>1°/Myr with a viscosity ofη≈≤3×10^(14)Pa-s within the Low-Velocity Zone(LVZ)atop the *** faster velocity would be more compatible with the mainstream of plate motion and the global asymmetry at plate *** on these computations,we suggest that the super-adiabatic asthenosphere,being vigorously convecting,may further reduce the viscous coupling within the LVZ Therefore,the combination of solid earth tides,ultra-low viscosity LVZ and asthenospheric polarized small-scale convection may mechanically satisfy the large-scale decoupling of the lithosphere relative to the underlying *** plate motions are explained because of lateral viscosity heterogeneities at the base of the lithosphere,which determine variable lithosphere-asthenosphere decoupling and plate interactions,hence plate tectonics.

关键词： Tidal drag Plate motions Polarized plate tectonics Lithosphere-asthenosphere interaction

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*** volcano high-resolution topography:airborne LiDAR modelling validated by GPS data

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International Journal of digital earth 2016年第7期9卷 710-732页

作者： Marina Bisson Claudia Spinetti Marco Neri Alessandro Bonforte istituto nazionale di geofisica e vulcanologia via della Faggiola 32PisaItaly istituto nazionale di geofisica e vulcanologia Centro Nazionale Terremotivia di Vigna MurataRomeItaly istituto nazionale di geofisica e vulcanologia Sezione di CataniaOsservatorio EtneoPiazza RomaCataniaItaly

High-resolution digital topography is essential for land management and planning in any type of territory as well as the reproduction of the earth surface in a geocoded digital format that allows several digital earth *** a volcanic environment,digital elevation Models are a valid reference for multi-temporal analyses aimed to observe frequent changes of a volcano edifice and for the relative detailed morphological and structural *** the first time,a DTM(digital Terrain Model)and a DSM(digital Surface Model)covering the entire *** volcano(Italy)derived from the same airborne Light Detection and Ranging(LiDAR)are here *** than 250 million 3D LiDAR points have been processed to distinguish ground elements from natural and anthropic *** end product is the highly accurate representation of *** landscape(DSM)and ground topography(DTM)dated *** models have a high spatial resolution of 2 m and cover an area of 620 *** DTM has been validated by GPS ground control *** vertical accuracy has been evaluated,resulting in a root-mean-square-error of±0.24 *** DTM is available as electronic supplement and represents a valid support for various scientific studies.

关键词： Airborne LiDAR GPS DeM Mt.etna

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Flow Behavior of Clay-Silt to Sand-Silt Water-Rich Suspensions at Low to High Shear Rates: Implications for Slurries, Transitional Flows, and Submarine Debris-Flows

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Acta Geologica Sinica(english edition) 2018年第6期92卷 2395-2404页

作者： Pierdomenico DeL GAUdiO Guido VeNTURA istituto nazionale di geofisica e vulcanologia Via di Vigna Murata 60500143 RomeItaly istituto per l'Ambiente Marino Costiero Consiglio Nazionale delle RicercheNaplesItaly

Water-rich clay to sand suspensions show a shear rate dependent flow behavior and knowledge of the appropriate rheological model is relevant for sedimentological, industrial and hydraulic studies. We present experimental rheological measurements of water-rich(40 to 60 wt%) clay to silt(population A) and silt to sand(population B) suspensions mixed in different proportions. The data evidence a shear rate dependent shear thinning-shear thickening transition. At lower shear rates, the suspensions organize in chains of particles, whereas at higher shear rates, these chains disrupt so increasing the viscosity. The viscosity, consistency and yield stress decrease as the A+B fraction decreases as the content of B particles increases. This behavior reflects the competing effects of the lubrication and frictional processes as a function of particle size and water content. Transitional flows form by the incorporation of small amounts of the finer fraction while ‘oceanic floods’ form at the estuary of rivers and the submarine debris-flows increase their velocity by incorporating water. The critical Reynolds number of the studied suspensions is ～2000±100 suggesting that the grainsize plays a major role in the laminar to turbulent transition. Our results have implications for the modeling of sediment flows and the hazard related to floods.

关键词： rheology water-sediment suspensions slurry sludge transitional flows and mud flows volcanogenic sediment-water flows oceanic floods

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Love wave tomography in Italy from seismic ambient noise

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earthquake Science 2010年第5期23卷 487-495页

作者： Hongyi Li Fabrizio Bernardi Alberto Michelini Key Laboratory of Geo-detection (China University ofGeosciences Beijing) Ministry of Education Beijing 100083 China School of Geophysics andlnformation Technology China University of Geosciences Beijing 100083 China istituto nazionale di geofisica e vulcanologia Via di Vigna Murata 605 Rome 00143 Italy

We estimate Love wave empirical Green＇s functions from cross-correlations of ambient seismic noise to study the crust and uppermost mantle structure in Italy. Transverse-component ambient noise data from October 2005 through March 2007 recorded at 114 seismic stations from the istituto nazionale di geofisica e vulcanologia （ingv） national broadband network, the Mediterranean Very Broadband Seismographic Network （MedNet） and the Austrian Central Institute for Meteorology and Geodynamics （ZAMG） yield more than 2 000 Love wave group velocity measurements using the multiple-filter analysis technique. In the short period band （5-20 s）, the cross-correlations show clearly one-sided asymmetric feature due to non-tmiform noise distribution and high local activities, and in the long period band （〉20 s） this feature becomes weak owing to more diffusive noise distribution. Based on these measurements, Love wave group velocity dispersion maps in the 8-34 s period band are constructed, then the SH wave velocity structures from the Love wave dispersions are inverted. The final results obtained from Love wave data are overall in good agreement with those from Rayleigh waves. Both Love and Rayleigh wave inversions all reveal that the Po plain basin is resolved with low velocity at shallow depth, and the Tyrrhenian sea is characterized with higher velocity below 8 km due to its thin oceanic crust.

关键词： ambient noise Love wave tomography crustal structure Italy

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The istituto nazionale di geofisica e vulcanologia Data Management System for the Arctic Sciences

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Journal of environmental Science and engineering(B) 2016年第11期5卷 549-556页

作者： Umberto Apponi Vincenzo Romano Giorgiana De Franceschi Paola Del Carlo Ilaria Isola Patrizia Macri Giovanni Muscari Leonardo Sagnotti Luca Spogli Stefano Urbini Spacearth Technology S.r.l. Via di Vigna Murata 605 00143 Rome Italy lstituto nazionale di geofisica e vulcanologia Environment Department Via di Vigna Murata 605 00148-Rome Italy istituto nazionale di geofisica e vulcanologia Volcanoes Department Via della Faggiola 32-56126 Pisa Italy

The brokering approach can be successfully used to overcome the crucial question of searching among enormous amount of data （raw and/or processed） produced and stored in different information systems. In this paper, authors describe the Data Management System the DMS （Data Management System） developed by ingv （istituto nazionale di geofisica e vulcanologia） to support the brokering system GeOSS （Global earth Observation System of Systems） adopted for the ARCA （Arctic Present Climate Change and Past extreme events） project. This DMS includes heterogeneous data that contributes to the ARCA objective （***） focusing on multi-parametric and multi-disciplinary studies on the mechanism （s） behind the release of large volumes of cold and fresh water from melting of ice caps. The DMS is accessible directly at the ***, or through the IADC （Italian Arctic Data Center） at http：//***/iadc/gi-portal/*** that interoperates with the GeOSS brokering system （http：//***0 making easy and fast the search of specific data set and its URL.

关键词： Brokering ARCA (Arctic Present Climate Change and Past extreme events) IADC (Italian Arctic Data Center) GeOSS(Global earth Observation System of Systems) DMS (Data Management System) data metadata INSPIRe (Infrastructure for SpatialInformation in europe) ISO (International Organization for Standardization) 19115 and 19119.

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The Last Pterosaurs: First Record from the Uppermost Maastrichtian of the Tremp Syncline (Northern Spain)

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Acta Geologica Sinica(english edition) 2013年第5期87卷 1198-1227页

作者： DALLA VeCCHIA Fabio M. RIeRA Violeta OMS Josep Oriol diNARS-TUReLL Jaume GAeTe Rodrigo GALOBART Angel Institut Català de Paleontologia "M. Crusafont" (ICP) Grup de Recerca del Mesozoic Escola Industrial 23E-08201 SabadellSpain Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Departament de GeologiaCerdanyola del VallèsBarcelonaE-08193Spain istituto nazionale di geofisica e vulcanologia Laboratorio di PaleomagnetismoVia di Vigna Murata 605I-00143 RomaItaly Museu de la Conca Dellà C/del Museu 4E-25650 IsonaSpain

Pterosaur bones are for the first time reported from the Tremp Syncline （Spain） and the southern Pyrenees. They come from the Torrebilles-2 site （Isona, Lleida Province） in the upper Maastrichtian part of the Tremp Formation, which falls within the C29r magnetochron. Fragmentary long bones are referred to the Pterosauria based on their cortical thinness, micro-architecture, and histological features. They belong to very large to possibly giant individuals. The most complete specimen is possibly a partial right femur. The review of the Maastrichtian pterosaur record shows that only a few specimens can be referred to the C29r （which contains the K/Pg boundary）. The identification of fragmentary remains could improve our knowledge about the abundance and distribution of these flying sauropsids just before the end-Cretaceous mass extinction.

关键词： Pterosauria bone morphology histology latest Maastrichtian european Archipelago,Ibero-Armorican Island Tremp Syncline.

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Measurement and Forecasting of Port Tide Hydrostatic Component in North Tyrrhenian Sea (Italy)

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Open Journal of Marine Science 2020年第2期10卷 52-77页

作者： Osvaldo Faggioni istituto nazionale di geofisica e vulcanologia Via di Vigna Murata Roma Italy Applied Computational Metrology Lab INGV-Università di Genova Via Carducci La Spezia Italy

Starting from the end of the 90s not perodic and unpredictable variations in the depth of harbor waters were observed. Long period (from 24 hours to a few days) and wide amplitude are their main features. experience showed that this phenomenon is a risk for harbor navigation and mooring. It may be a serious obstacle to waterside port activities. The first observation of the data does not link the super-highs and the super-dry tides to the meteorological dynamic of sea-atmosphere interaction (i.e. Storm effect). More, the attempt to compensate for these sea depth fluctuations by means of the well-known offshore hydrobarometric inverse parameter (1 [cm] sea level variation for ǃ [hPa] atmospheric pressure variation) underestimates the amplitude of the phenomenon. In the first years of 2000, the Italian Ministry of Transport launched a national project for the definition of thee-amplitude and time of these tidal anomalous waves. The measure of harbors hydrobarometric inverse factors showed a much more intense value than the theoretical one (computed for the offshore). These amplification factors are characteristic of each harbor and can be double (in exceptional cases even more) than offshore. The delay between the arrival times of these tidal waves (induced phenomenon) respect to the time of arrival of the atmospheric pressure variation (inducing phenomenon) depends on 1) morphology of the port basin sea floor and 2) harbor and off-shre water dynamics relationship (first approximation). For these reasons the hydro barometric inverse parameter is not effectiveness computable but it can be determined statistically.

关键词： Coastal and Port Tides Hydrostatic Component Gravimetric Measurements Safety of Port Navigation and Docking

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The Very-Broad-Band Data Acquisition of the Long-Base Tiltmeters of Grotta Gigante (Trieste, Italy)

The Very-Broad-Band Data Acquisition of the Long-Base Tiltme...

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作者： Carla Braitenberg Gianni Romeo Quintilio Taccetti IldikòNagy dipartimento di Scienze della Terra Università di TriesteVia Weiss 1 34100 Trieste istituto nazionale di geofisica e vulcanologia Via di Vigna Murata 605 00143 Roma istituto nazionale di geofisica e vulcanologia Via di Vigna Murata 60500143 Roma

The horizontal pendulums of the Grotta Gigante (Giant Cave) in the Trieste Karst are long-base tiltmeters with Zllner type suspension. The instruments have been continuously recording tilt and shear in the Grotta Gigante since the date of their installation by Prof. Antonio Marussi in 1966. Their setup has been completely overhauled several times since installation, restricting the interruptions of the measurements though to a minimum. The continuous recordings, apart from some interruptions, cover thus almost 40 years of measurements, producing a very noticeable long term tiltmeter record of crustal deformation. The original recording system, still in function, was photographic with a mechanical timing and paper-advancing system, which has never given any problems at all, as it is very stable and not vulnerable by external factors as high humidity, problems in power supply, lightning or similar. In December 2003 a new recording system was installed, based on a solid-state acquisition system intercepting a laser light reflected from a mirror mounted on the horizontal pendulum beam. The acquisition frequency is 30 Hz, which turns the long-base instrument to a very-broad-band tiltmeter, apt to record the tilt signal on a broad band of frequencies, ranging from secular deformation rate through the earth tides to seismic waves. Here we describe the acquisition system, present the up to date long term recording, and the observation of a recent earthquake.

关键词： Geodetic underground measurements Secular crustal deformation Tiltmeter

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Modeling the multi-level plumbing system of the Changbaishan caldera from geochemical, mineralogical, Sr-Nd isotopic and integrated geophysical data

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Geoscience Frontiers 2021年第5期12卷 17-36页

作者： Jian Yi Pujun Wang Xuanlong Shan Guido Ventura Chengzhi Wu Jiannan Guo Pencheng Liu Jiahui Li College of earth Science Jilin UniversityJianshe Street 2199Changchun 130061China Key Laboratory for evolution of Past Life and environment in Northeast Asia(Jilin University) Ministry of EducationChangchun 130026China istituto nazionale di geofisica e vulcanologia Via di Vigna Murata605Roma 00143Italy istituto per lo Studio degli impatti Antropici e Sostenibilitàin ambiente marino(IAS) Capo Granitola(TP)91021Italy Changbai Mountain Tianchi Volcano Observatory Chibei DistrictAntu 133613China

Changbaishan,an intraplate volcano,is characterized by an approximately 6 km wide summit caldera and last erupted in *** experienced a period of unrest between 2002 and *** activity developed in three main stages,including shield volcano(basalts),cone-construction(trachyandesites to trachytes with minor basalts),and caldera-forming stages(trachytes to comendites).This last stage is associated with one of the more energetic eruptions of the last millennium on earth,the 946 Ce,VeI 7 Millennium eruption(Me),which emitted over 100 km^(3) of *** to other active calderas,the plumbing system of Changbaishan and its evolution mechanisms remain poorly ***,we merge new whole-rock,glass,mineral,isotopic,and geobarometry data with geophysical data and present a model of the plumbing *** results show that the volcano is characterized by at least three main magma reservoirs at different depths:a basaltic reservoir at the Moho/lower crust depth,an intermediate reservoir at 10-15 km depth,and a shallower reservoir at 0.5-3 km *** shallower reservoir was involved in the Me eruption,which was triggered by a fresh trachytic melt entering a shallower reservoir where a comenditic magma was *** trachytes and comendites originate from fractional crystallization processes and minor assimilation of upper crust material,while the less evolved melts assimilate lower crust ***-eruptive magma mingling occurred during the Me eruption *** magma reservoirs of the caldera-forming stage partly reactivate those of the cone-construction *** depth of the magma storage zones is controlled by the layering of the *** plumbing system of Changbaishan is vertically extensive,with crystal mush reservoirs renewed by the replenishment of new trachytic to trachyandesitic magma from *** other volcanoes,evidence of a basaltic recharge is *** interpretation of the signals preceding possible future erupt

关键词： Changbaishan volcano Caldera Plumbing system Triggering mechanism Storage depth

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