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Impacts and risks of“realistic”global warming projections for the 21st century

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Geoscience Frontiers 2024年第2期15卷 392-416页

作者： Nicola scafetta Department of Earth sciences Environment and GeoresourcesUniversity of Naples Federico IIComplesso Universitario di Monte S.AngeloVia Vicinale Cupa Cintia2180126 NaplesNAItaly

The IPCC AR6 assessment of the impacts and risks associated with projected climate changes for the 21st century is both alarming and *** to computer projections,global surface temperature may warm from 1.3℃to 8.0℃by 2100,depending on the global climate model(GCM)and the shared socioeconomic pathway(ssP)scenario used for the *** climate-change hazards are estimated to be high and very high if the global surface temperature rises,respectively,more than 2.0℃and 3.0℃above pre-industrial *** studies,however,showed that a substantial number of CMIP6 GCMs run“too hot”because they appear to be too sensitive to radiative forcing,and that the high/extreme emission scenarios ssP3-7.0 and ssP5-8.5 are to be rejected because judged to be unlikely and highly unlikely,***,the IPCC AR6 mostly focused on such alarmistic scenarios for risk *** paper examines the impacts and risks of“realistic”climate change projections for the 21st century generated by assessing the theoretical models and integrating them with the existing empirical knowledge on global warming and the various natural cycles of climate change that have been recorded by a variety of scientists and *** is achieved by combining the ssP2-4.5 scenario(which is the most likely ssP according to the current policies reported by the International Energy Agency)and empirically optimized climate *** to recent research,the GCM macro-ensemble that best hindcast the global surface warming observed from 1980 to 1990 to 2012–2022 should be made up of models that are characterized by a low equilibrium climate sensitivity(ECs)(1.5℃s≤3.0℃),in contrast to the IPCC AR6 likely and very likely ECs ranges at 2.5–4.0℃and 2.0–5.0℃,respectively.I show that the low-ECs macro-GCM with the ssP2-4.5 scenario projects a global surface temperature warming of 1.68–3.09℃by 2080–2100 instead of 1.98–3.82℃obtained with the GCMs with ECs in the 2.5–4.0℃range.H

关键词： Climate change Climate models shared socioeconomic pathways 21st-century climate projections Impacts and risks assessment

Orbital angular momentum based intra- and interparticle entangled states generated via a quantum dot source

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先进光子学(英文) 2023年第4期5卷 74-84页

作者： Alessia suprano Danilo Zia Mathias Pont Taira Giordani Giovanni Rodari Mauro Valeri Bruno Piccirillo Gonzalo Carvacho Nicolo spagnolo Pascale senellart Lorenzo Marrucci Fabio sciarrino sapienza universitàdi Roma Dipartimento di FisicaRomaItaly universite Paris-saclay UMR 9001Centre for Nanosciences and NanotechnologyCNRSPalaiseauFrance universitàdi napoli Federico II Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant’AngeloDipartimento di Fisica“Ettore Pancini”NapoliItaly infn-sezione di napoli NapoliItaly

Engineering single-photon states endowed with orbital angular momentum (OAM) is a powerful toolfor quantum information photonic implementations. Indeed, due to its unbounded nature, OAM is suitable forencoding qudits, allowing a single carrier to transport a large amount of information. Most of the experimentalplatforms employ spontaneous parametric down-conversion processes to generate single photons, evenif this approach is intrinsically probabilistic, leading to scalability issues for an increasing number of *** quantum dots (QDs) have been used to get over these limitations by producing on-demand pure and indistinguishable single-photon states, although only recently they have been exploitedto create OAM modes. Our work employs a bright QD single-photon source to generate a complete set ofquantum states for information processing with OAM-endowed photons. We first study hybrid intraparticleentanglement between OAM and polarization degrees of freedom of a single photon whose preparationwas certified by means of Hong–Ou–Mandel visibility. Then, we investigate hybrid interparticle OAM-based entanglement by exploiting a probabilistic entangling gate. The performance of our approach isassessed by performing quantum state tomography and violating Bell inequalities. Our results pave theway for the use of deterministic sources for the on-demand generation of photonic high-dimensionalquantum states.

关键词： orbital angular momentum quantum dot intraparticle entanglement interparticle entanglement Bell violation

Characterization of Gauss–Markov stochastic sequences for mission analysis

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Astrodynamics 2024年第1期8卷 135-148页

作者： Carmine Giordano Department of Aerospace science and Technology Politecnico di MilanoMilano20156Italy

In real scenarios,the spacecraft deviates from the intended paths owing to uncertainties in dynamics,navigation,and command *** quantifying these uncertainties is crucial for assessing the observability,collision risks,and mission *** issue is further magnified for Cubesats because they have limited control authority and thus require accurate dispersion estimates to avoid rejecting viable trajectories or selecting unviable *** uncertainties arise from random variables(e.g.,measurement errors and drag coefficients)and processes(e.g.,solar radiation pressure and low-thrust acceleration).Although random variables generally present minimal computational complexity,handling stochastic processes can be challenging because of their noisy ***,accurately modeling these processes is essential,as they significantly influence the uncertain propagation of space trajectories,and an inadequate representation can result in either underestimation or overestimation of the stochastic characteristics associated with a given *** study addresses the gap in characterizing process uncertainties,represented as Gauss–Markov processes in mission analysis,by presenting models,evaluating derived quantities,and providing results on the impact of spacecraft *** study emphasizes the importance of accurately modeling random processes to properly characterize stochastic spacecraft paths.

关键词： Gauss-Markov process uncertainty quantification stochastic dynamics monte Carlo simulation

A multi-wavelength study of the gravitational lens COsMOs J095930+023427

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2013年第1期13卷 15-27页

作者： shuo Cao Giovanni Covone Maurizio Paolillo Zong-Hong Zhu Department of Astronomy Beijing Normal University dipartimento di scienze Fisiche Universita` di Napoli "Federico II" Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo infn Sezione di NapoliComplesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo

We present a multi-wavelength study of the gravitational lens COsMOs J095930＋023427 （Zl = 0.892）, together with the associated galaxy group along the line of sight located at z 0.7, and the lensed background galaxy. The source redshift is currently unknown, but estimated to be at zs ~ 2. This analysis is based on publicly available HsT, subaru and Chandra imaging data, as well as VLT spectroscopy. The lensing system is an early-type galaxy showing a strong [OII] emission line, and pro- duces four bright images of the distant background source. It has an Einstein radius of 0.79＂, about four times larger than the effective radius. We perform a lensing anal- ysis using both a singular isothermal ellipsoid and a peudo-isothermal elliptical mass distribution for the lensing galaxy, and find that the final results on the total mass, the dark matter （DM） fraction within the Einstein radius and the external shear due to a foreground galaxy group are robust with respect to the choice of the parametric model and the source redshift （yet unknown）. We measure the luminous mass from the pho- tometric data, and find the DM fraction within the Einstein radius fDM to be between 0.71 ~ 0.13 and 0.79 ~ 0.15, depending on the unknown source redshift. Meanwhile, the non-null external shear found in our lensing models supports the presence and structure of a galaxy group at z ~ 0.7, and an independent measurement of the 0.5- 2 keV X-ray luminosity within 20＂ around the X-ray centroid provides a group mass of M = （3 - 10） x 1013 Mo, in good agreement with the previous estimate derived through weak lensing analysis. Finally, by inverting the HsT/ACs/814 image with the lensing equation, we obtain the reconstructed image of the magnified source galaxy, which has a scale of about 3.3 kpc at z~ = 2 （2.7 kpc at zs = 4） and the typical disturbed disk-like appearance observed in low-mass star-forming galaxies at z ~ 3. However, deep, spatially resolved spectroscopic data for similar lensed sour

关键词： galaxies: individual (COsMOs J095930+023427) -- gravitational lens-ing -- dark matter

Empirical assessment of the role of the sun in climate change using balanced multi-proxy solar records

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Geoscience Frontiers 2023年第6期14卷 191-209页

作者： Nicola scafetta Department of Earth sciences Environment and GeoresourcesUniversity of Naples Federico IIComplesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelovia Cinthia21Naples 80126Italy

The role of the sun in climate change is hotly *** studies suggest its impact is significant,while others suggest it is *** Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC)supports the latter view and suggests that nearly 100%of the observed surface warming from 1850–1900 to 2020 is due to anthropogenic ***,the IPCC’s conclusions are based solely on computer simulations made with global climate models(GCMs)forced with a total solar irradiance(TsI)record showing a low multi-decadal and secular *** same models also assume that the sun affects the climate system only through radiative forcing–such as TsI–even though the climate could also be affected by other solar *** this paper I propose three“balanced”multi-proxy models of total solar activity(TsA)that consider all main solar proxies proposed in scientific *** optimal signature on global and sea surface temperature records is assessed together with those produced by the anthropogenic and volcanic radiative forcing functions adopted by the CMIP6 *** is done by using a basic energy balance model calibrated with a differential multi-linear regression methodology,which allows the climate system to respond to the solar input differently than to radiative forcings alone,and to evaluate the climate’s characteristic time-response as *** proposed methodology reproduces the results of the CMIP6 GCMs when their original forcing functions are applied under similar physical conditions,indicating that,in such a scenario,the likely range of the equilibrium climate sensitivity(ECs)could be 1.4℃to 2.8℃,with a mean of 2.1℃(using the HadCRUT5 temperature record),which is compatible with the low-ECs CMIP6 GCM ***,if the proposed solar records are used as TsA proxies and the climatic sensitivity to them is allowed to differ from the climatic sensitivity to radiative forcings,a much greater solar impact on climate change is found,along with a significant

关键词： solar activity changes solar variability climatic impact Global climate change and modeling Equilibrium climate sensitivity

Interplay between the glass and the gel transition

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science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2019年第10期62卷 45-50页

作者： Annalisa Fierro Antonio de Candia Antonio Coniglio CNR-sPIN c/o Complesso di Monte S.AngeloNapoli 80126Italy dipartimento di Fisica"Pancini" Universita di Napoli"FedericoⅡ"Complesso di Monte S.AngeloNapoli 80126Italy

By changing the control parameters, many physical systems reach a slow dynamics regime followed by an arrested or a quasiarrested state. Examples, among others, are gels and glasses. In this paper, we discuss some experimental and theoretical results in polymer and colloidal systems, where gel and glass transitions interfere, and use models from Mode Coupling Theory（MCT）to illustrate the rich phenomenology observed. The continuous and the discontinuous transition lines, found in the MCT models,are considered suitable to describe respectively the gel and the glass transitions, so we suggest that the interplay between gel and glass may be interpreted in terms of the F13 MCT model, clarifying also the origin of logarithmic decays often observed in such systems. In particular, the theoretical predictions of the MCT in the F13 model are compared with Molecular Dynamics simulations in model systems for chemical gels and charged colloids.

关键词： glass gel and sol colloid

Flexible fully organic indirect detector for megaelectronvolts proton beams

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npj Flexible Electronics 2023年第1期7卷 513-523页

作者： sabrina Calvi Laura Basiricò sara M.Carturan Ilaria Fratelli Antonio Valletta Alberto Aloisio stefania De Rosa Felix Pino Marcello Campajola Andrea Ciavatti Luca Tortora Matteo Rapisarda sandra Moretto Matteo Verdi stefano Bertoldo Olivia Cesarini Paolo di Meo Massimo Chiari Francesco Tommasino Ettore sarnelli Luigi Mariucci Paolo Branchini Alberto Quaranta Beatrice Fraboni infn Sezione di RomaTreVia Della Vasca Navale 8400146 RomaItaly CNR-Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems(IMM)Via Del Fosso Del Cavaliere 10000133 RomeItaly Department of Physics and Astronomy University of BolognaViale C.Berti Pichat 6/240127 BolognaItaly infn Sezione di BolognaViale C.Berti Pichat 6/240127 BolognaItaly Department of Physics and Astronomy University of PadovaVia Marzolo 8PadovaItaly infn-Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro Viale dell’Università2LegnaroItaly university of Naples Federico II Department of PhysicsComplesso Univ.di Monte S.AngeloEdificio GVia Cintia80126 NapoliItaly infn-sezione di napoli-complesso univ.di monte s.angelo Edificio GVia Cintia80126 NapoliItaly CNR-sPIN Via Campi Flegrei3480078 PozzuoliNAItaly Task Force di Bioelettronica University of Naples Federico IINapoliItaly Department of sciences Roma Tre UniversityVia della Vasca Navale 8400146 RomaItaly infn Sezione di PadovaVia Marzolo 8PadovaItaly infn Sezione di FirenzeVia G.Sansone 150019 Sesto FiorentinoFlorenceItaly Department of Physics University of TrentoVia Sommarive 1438123 TrentoPovoItaly infn-TIFPA Via Sommarive 1438123 TrentoPovoItaly Department of Industrial Engineering University of TrentoVia Sommarive 938123 TrentoPovoItaly

A flexible,fully organic detector for proton beams is presented *** detector operates in the indirect mode and is composed of a polysiloxane-based scintillating layer coupled to an organic phototransistor,that is assessed for flexibility and low-voltage operation(V=−1 V),with a limit of detection of 0.026 Gy min^(−1).We present a kinetic model able to precisely reproduce the dynamic response of the device under irradiation and to provide further insight into the physical processes controlling *** detector is designed to target real-time and in-situ dose monitoring during proton therapy and demonstrates mechanical flexibility and low power operation,assessing its potential employment as a personal dosimeter with high comfort and low risk for the *** results show how such a proton detector represents a promising tool for real-time particle detection over a large area and irregular surfaces,suitable for many applications,from experimental scientific research to innovative theranostics.

关键词： fully limit insight

Assessment of earthquake location uncertainties for the design of local seismic networks

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Earthquake science 2024年第5期37卷 415-433页

作者： Antonio Fuggi simone Re Giorgio Tango sergio Del Gaudio Alessandro Brovelli Giorgio Cassiani Isamgeo Italia s.r.l. Gallarate 21013Italy sTOGIT s.p.A. UnitàGiacimentiCrema 26013Italy dipartimento di Geoscienze Universitàdegli Studi di PadovaPadova 35131Italy

The ability to estimate earthquake source locations,along with the appraisal of relevant uncertainties,is paramount in monitoring both natural and human-induced *** this purpose,a monitoring network must be designed to minimize the location errors introduced by geometrically unbalanced *** this study,we first review different sources of errors relevant to the localization of seismic events,how they propagate through localization algorithms,and their impact on *** then propose a quantitative method,based on a monte Carlo approach,to estimate the uncertainty in earthquake locations that is suited to the design,optimization,and assessment of the performance of a local seismic monitoring *** illustrate the performance of the proposed approach,we analyzed the distribution of the localization uncertainties and their related dispersion for a highly dense grid of theoretical hypocenters in both the horizontal and vertical directions using an actual monitoring network *** results expand,quantitatively,the qualitative indications derived from purely geometrical parameters(azimuthal gap(AG))and classical detectability *** proposed method enables the systematic design,optimization,and evaluation of local seismic monitoring networks,enhancing monitoring accuracy in areas proximal to hydrocarbon production,geothermal fields,underground natural gas storage,and other subsurface *** approach aids in the accurate estimation of earthquake source locations and their associated uncertainties,which are crucial for assessing and mitigating seismic risks,thereby enabling the implementation of proactive measures to minimize potential *** an operational perspective,reliably estimating location accuracy is crucial for evaluating the position of seismogenic sources and assessing possible links between well activities and the onset of seismicity.

关键词： network design earthquake localization detectability localization uncertainties local seismic network

Groups with supersoluble Non-normal subgroups

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Algebra Colloquium 2016年第2期23卷 213-218页

作者： Maria De Falco Maria Martusciello Carmela Musella dipartimento di Matematica e Applicazioni Universita di Napoli Federico II Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo Via Cintia 1-80126 Napoli Italy

The structure of groups in which many subgroups have a certain property X has been investigated for several choices of the property χ.In particular, groups whose non-normal subgroups are supersoluble are studied ia t... 详细信息

关键词： supersoluble group polycyclic group normalizer subgroup