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Global evolution of Equidae and Gomphotheriidae from South America

Integrative Zoology 2014年第4期9卷 434-443页

作者： JoséL.PRADO María T.ALBERDI incuapa CONICET-UNICENNational University of Central Buenos Aires ProvinceOlavarríaArgentina Department of Paleobiology Museo Nacional de Ciencias NaturalesCSICMadridSpain

The contemporary South American mammalian communities were determined by the emergence of the Isthmus of Panama and by the profound climatic oscillations during the *** and gomphotheres were 2 very conspicuous groups of immigrant mammals from North America that arrived in South America during the *** present study compiles updated data on the phylogeny,systematics and ecology of both groups in South *** horses in South America are represented by 2 genera,Hippidion and Equus,as are the gomphotheres,represented by Cuvieronius and *** genera of horses include small(Hippidion devillei,***,*** and ***)and large forms(Equus neogeus and ***),which dispersed into South America using 2 different *** possible model for this dispersion indicates that the small forms used the Andes corridor,while larger horses dispersed through the eastern route and through some coastal *** the case of gomphotheres,Cuvieronius and Stegomastodon reached South America in 2 independent dispersal events,and Cuvieronius dispersed across the Andean corridor,while large Stegomastodon spread along the eastern *** and gomphotheres present values ofδ^(13)C from woodlands to C4 grass*** present lower values ofδ^(13)C than Equus in the late Pleistocene,whereas the gomphotheres diverge from value ofδ^(18)O,reflecting that Cuvieronius inhabited the Andean corridor and Stegomastodon dispersed through eastern *** gomphothere and horse species recorded in South America became extinct around the time that humans arrived.

关键词： Equidae Gomphotheriidae Plio-Pleistocene South America

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