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recycling of Aluminum from Fibre metal Laminates

Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong university(Science) 2012年第3期17卷 263-267页

作者：祝国梁肖艳萍杨永祥王俊孙宝德 BOOM Rob Department of Materials Science and Engineering Delft University of Technology2628 CD DelftThe Netherlands State Key Laboratory of metal Matrix Composites Shanghai Jiaotong University Department of metallurgical Engineering Anhui University of Technology Institute of Ferrous metallurgy Northeastern University

recycling of aluminum alloy scrap obtained from delaminated fibre metal laminates （FMLs） was studied through high temperature refining in the presence of a salt flux. The aluminum alloy scrap contains approximately mass fraction w（Cu） = 4.4%, w（Mg） = 1.1% and w（Mn） = 0.6% （2024 aluminum alloy）. The main objective of this research is to obtain a high metal yield, while maintaining its original alloy compositions. The work focuses on the metal yield and quality of recycled A1 alloy under different refining conditions. The NaCI-KC1 salt system was selected as the major components of flux in the A1 alloy recycling. Two different flux compositions were employed at NaC1 to KC1 mass ratios of 44：56 and 70：30 respectively, based on either the euteetic composition, or the European preference. Different additives were introduced into the NaCI-KC1 system to study the effect of flux component on recycling result. Although burning and oxidation loss of the alloying elements during re-melting and refining take place as the drawbacks of conventional refining process, the problems can be solved to a large extent by using an appropriate salt flux. Experimental results indicate that Mg in the alloy gets lost when adding cryolite in the NaCI-KC1 salt system, though the metal yield can reach as high as 98%. However, by adding w（MgF2） = 5% into the NaCI-KC1 salt system （instead of using cryolite） all alloying elements were well controlled to its original composition with a metal yield of almost 98%.

关键词： Al-Cu-Mg alloy 2024 A1 recycling cryolite salt flux

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Effects of the precipitation of stabilizers on the mechanism of grain fracturing in a zirconia metering nozzle

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International Journal of Minerals,metallurgy and Materials 2016年第9期23卷 1041-1047页

作者： Liang Zhao Qun-hu Xue Dong-hai Ding College of Materials and Mineral Resources Xi'an University of Architecture and TechnologyXi'an 710055China Shaanxi Techno-institute of recycling Economy Xi'an 710055China

The mechanism of grain fracturing in a zirconia metering nozzle used in the continuous casting process was studied. The phase composition, microstructure, and chemical composition of the residual samples were studied using an X-ray fluorescence analyzer, scanning electron microscope, and electron probe. Results revealed that the composition, structure, and mineral phase of the original layer, transition layer, and affected layer of the metering nozzle differed because of stabilizer precipitation and steel slag permeation. The stabilizer MgO formed low-melting phases with steel slag and impure SiO2 on the boundaries（pores） of zirconia grains; consequently, grain fracturing occurred and accelerated damage to the metering nozzle was observed.

关键词： continuous casting metering nozzle partially stabilized zirconia grains fracture mechanisms electron probe microanalysis

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Preparation and performance of a cold gas dynamic sprayed high-aluminum bronze coating

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International Journal of Minerals,metallurgy and Materials 2018年第11期25卷 1354-1361页

作者： Li Feng Chang Guan Ji-rong Chang Hai-min Zhai Guo-sheng An Wen-sheng Li School of Materials Science and Engineering Lanzhou University of TechnologyLanzhou 730050China State Key Laboratory of Advanced processing and recycling of Nonferrous metals Lanzhou 730050China

By mixing preheated high-aluminum bronze powders with different amounts of Al_2O_3 powder, a low-pressure cold-sprayed coating was prepared and sprayed onto a Cr12MoV steel substrate. The hardness of the coating and the bonding strength between the coating and the substrate were tested with a HV-1000 microhardness tester and a mechanical universal testing machine. The surface microstructure, cross-section and tensile fracture surface of the coating were observed with a scanning electron microscope(SEM). Correspondingly, the influences of the preheat treatment temperature of the bronze powder and the Al_2O_3 content on the coating performance were investigated. The results indicate that the hardness of bronze powders decreased and the coating deposition rate increased after the preheating treatment of the bronze powder. The Al_2O_3 content in the mixed powders contributed to the deformation of bronze powders during the spraying process. This trend resulted in varied performance of the coating.

关键词： low-pressure cold spray high-aluminum bronze preheat treatment coating performance

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Hydration kinetics of cementitious materials composed of red mud and coal gangue

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International Journal of Minerals,metallurgy and Materials 2016年第10期23卷 1215-1224页

作者： Na Zhang Hong-xu Li Xiao-ming Liu School of metallurgical and Ecological Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing Key Laboratory of Rare and Precious metals Green recycling and Extraction University of Science and Technology Beijing

To elucidate the intrinsic reaction mechanism of cementitious materials composed of red mud and coal gangue（RGC）, the hydration kinetics of these cementitious materials at 20°C was investigated on the basis of the Krstulovi？-Dabi？ model. An isothermal calorimeter was used to characterize the hydration heat evolution. The results show that the hydration of RGC is controlled by the processes of nucleation and crystal growth（NG）, interaction at phase boundaries（I）, and diffusion（D） in order, and the pozzolanic reactions of slag and compound-activated red mud-coal gangue are mainly controlled by the I process. Slag accelerates the clinker hydration during NG process, whereas the compound-activated red mud-coal gangue retards the hydration of RGC and the time required for I process increases with increasing dosage of red mud-coal gangue in RGC.

关键词： red mud coal gangue cementitious materials hydration kinetics

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Leaching behavior and microstructure of phosphorus in converter slag

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2024年第7期31卷 1646-1660页

作者： Chao-gang Zhou Jin-yue Li Qing-gong Chen Yin-ye Yang Wei Gong Li-qun Ai Shu-huan Wang Bei-yue Ma College of metallurgy and Energy North China University of Science and TechnologyTangshan 063210HebeiChina Key Laboratory for Ferrous metallurgy and Resources Utilization of Ministry of Education Wuhan University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430081HubeiChina College of Materials Science and Engineering Guizhou Minzu UniversityGuiyang 550025GuizhouChina School of Materials and Architectural Engineering Guizhou Normal UniversityGuiyang 550025GuizhouChina School of metallurgy Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110819LiaoningChina

Converter slag is a by-product of the steelmaking process and contains a large amount of Ca,Fe,P and other *** the phosphorus in the converter slag can be effectively extracted,the resulting phosphorus can be used as a phosphate *** in converter slag is mainly enriched in 2CaO·SiO_(2)-3CaO·P_(2)O_(5)(C_(2)S-C_(3)P)solid solution and is easily dissolved in ***,acid leaching method was used to dissolve the solid solution to extract phosphorus in converter slag,so as to realize the recycling of phosphorus resources in converter *** leaching behavior of three actual converter slags from different steel mills in acid leaching solutions composed of citric acid,sodium hydroxide,hydrochloric acid and deionized water was studied by X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy combined with energy dispersive spectrometry,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy to reveal the change in object image structure as well as SiO_(4) and PO_(4) tetrahedron before and after acid *** results show that only a small amount of phosphorus in converter slag with too low basicity is enriched in C_(2)S-C_(3)P solid solution,resulting in poor leaching *** the converter slag has a high basicity,the removal effect of phosphorus is 70.64%-81.88%.In addition,when the basicity of converter slag is roughly the same,the dephosphorization effect of slag with high FeO content is relatively *** acid leaching will cause depolymerization behavior of SiO_(4) and PO_(4) tetrahedron,so that the mole fraction of Q0(Si)(asymmetric stretching vibration of Si-O bond in SiO_(4) tetrahedron with bridge oxygen number of 0)and NBO/Si(non-bridging oxygen in silicate tetrahedra)will ***-containing solids can be obtained from the solution after acid leaching through static precipitation,and the solids have the potential to make phosphate fertilizers.

关键词： Dephosphorization converter slag Acid leaching Phosphorus Solid solution Slag structure

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Iron extraction from lead slag by bath smelting

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Transactions of Nonferrous metals Society of China 2017年第8期27卷 1862-1869页

作者： Yan-chun LI Ying-zhen YUAN Hui LIU Bing PENG Zhi-lou LIU School of metallurgy and Environment Central South University Changsha 410083 China Chinese National Engineering Research Centre for Control and Treatment of Heavy metal Pollution Central South University Changsha 410083 China

A new bath smelting process was proposed to recover iron for solid wastes reduction.99.79%of iron metallization,99.61%of iron recovery,pig iron with93.58%Fe,0.021%S,0.11%P,1.38%C,0.22%Si,0.01%Pb and0.031%Zn were achievedafter the wastes were smelted at1575°C for20min under C/Fe molar ratio of1.6and basicity *** produced pig iron could beused in *** study provides a way for recycling iron from smelting slag and hydrometallurgical residue.

关键词： lead slag iron extraction bath smelting pig iron

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Extraction and recycling technologies of cobalt from primary and secondary resources:A comprehensive review

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International Journal of Minerals,metallurgy and Materials 2024年第4期31卷 628-649页

作者： Yukun Huang Pengxu Chen Xuanzhao Shu Biao Fu Weijun Peng Jiang Liu Yijun Cao Xiaofeng Zhu ZhongYuan Critical metals Laboratory Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001China State Key Laboratory of Advanced processing and recycling of Nonferrous metals Lanzhou University of TechnologyLanzhou 730050China

Cobalt has excellent electrochemical,magnetic,and heat *** a strategic resource,it has been applied in many hightech ***,the recent rapid growth of the battery industry has substantially depleted cobalt resources,leading to a crisis of cobalt resource *** paper examines cobalt ore reserves and distribution,and the recent development and consumption of cobalt resources are summarized as *** addition,the principles,advantages and disadvantages,and research status of various methods are discussed *** can be concluded that the use of diverse sources(Cu-Co ores,Ni-Co ores,zinc plant residues,and waste cobalt products)for cobalt production should be enhanced to meet developmental ***,in recovery technology,the pyro-hydrometallurgical process employs pyrometallurgy as the pretreatment to modify the phase structure of cobalt minerals,enhancing its recovery in the hydrometallurgical stage and facilitating high-purity cobalt ***,it represents a promising technology for future cobalt ***,based on the above conclusions,the prospects for cobalt are assessed regarding cobalt ore processing and sustainable cobalt recycling,for which further study should be conducted.

关键词： cobalt recovery copper-cobalt ore nickel-cobalt ore zinc plant residue waste cobalt products

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Effects of slag composition and additive type on desulfurization of rejected electrolytic manganese metal scrap by Na2O-containing electroslag

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2021年第12期28卷 1515-1529页

作者： Ru Lu Guang-qiang Li Chang Liu Yun-ming Gao Yu-fei Chen Qiang Wang The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and metallurgy Wuhan University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430081HubeiChina Key Laboratory for Ferrous metallurgy and Resources Utilization of Ministry of Education Wuhan University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430081HubeiChina Hubei Rising Technology Co. Ltd.Huangshi435000HubeiChina

The recycling rate of rejected electrolytic manganese metal(EMM)scrap can be increased by inhibiting the manganese metal(MM)vaporization during the remelting process with ***,if the latter is achieved by reducing the remelting temperature,the desulfurization behavior will ***,Na_(2)O-containing electroslag and metallic additive were used to increase the rejected EMM scrap recovery *** respective high-temperature experiment was conducted in a MoSi_(2) electrical resistance furnace filled with fluid argon at 1673 K using five different types of electroslag with the Na_(2)O content ranging from 5.81%to 15.71%.High-purity metallic magnesium and magnesium calcium alloy additives were used as *** addition of Na_(2)O and metallic additives effectively promoted the desulfurization and deoxidization of *** removal of sulfur and oxygen by the interaction between Na_(2)O-containing electroslag melt and molten MM with metallic additive was analyzed from the thermodynamic and kinetic *** effect of Na_(2)O-containing electroslag volatilization on desulfurization and deoxidization was *** an increase in Na_(2)O content in the slag,the mass loss rates of Na_(2)O and electroslag rose,as well as the final sulfur partition *** the Na_(2)O content volatilized in the slag melt did not exceed 10.44%,the sulfur removal ratio was increased by high sulfide capacity and CaO activity in all slags due to the addition of Na_(2)*** rejected EMM scrap deoxidization ratio grew with the increased activity of CaO and reduced activity of Al_(2)O_(3) in the molten slag,caused by the increased Na_(2)O content in the molten *** addition of metallic Mg and Mg-Ca alloy indirectly promoted desulfurization and deoxidization by reducing the MnO content in the rejected EMM scrap and growing slag *** Mg-Ca alloy could also react with dissolved sulfur and oxygen,directly promoting desulfurization and deoxidiza

关键词： Rejected electrolytic manganese metal Desulfurization Deoxidization Additive Na2O content Thermodynamic

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Recovery of rare earth elements from permanent magnet scraps by pyrometallurgical process

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Rare metals 2022年第5期41卷 1697-1702页

作者： Yu-Yang Bian Shu-Qiang Guo Yu-Ling Xu Kai Tang Xiong-Gang Lu Wei-Zhong Ding Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern metallurgy and Materials processing Shanghai UniversityShanghai 200072China SINTEF Materials and Chemistry 7465 TrondheimNorway

In order to recover valuable rare earth elements from Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet scraps, a high-temperature pyrometallurgical process was developed in this work. The magnet scraps were first pulverized and oxidized at 1000℃ in normal atmosphere. The oxidized mixtures were then selectively reduced by carbon in the temperature range of 1400-1550℃. In this way, the rare earth elements were extracted to the form of oxides, whereas Fe and B were separated to metal phase. For improving the purity of rare earth oxides, the effects of temperature and reaction time on the reduction of B_(2)O_(3) in oxide phase were investigated. It is found that increasing reaction temperature and extending reaction time will help the reduction of B_(2)O_(3) contents in rare earth oxide phase. Almost all rare earth elements can be enriched in the oxide phase with the highest purity of 95 %.

关键词： Rare earth Permanent magnet recycling

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Effective regeneration of high-performance anode material recycled from the whole electrodes in spent lithium-ion batteries via a simplified approach

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Green Energy & Environment 2021年第5期6卷 725-733页

作者： Long Ye Chunhui Wang Liang Cao Hougui Xiao Jiafeng Zhang Bao Zhang Xing Ou National Engineering Laboratory for High Efficiency Recovery of Refractory Nonferrous metals School of Metallurgy and EnvironmentCentral South UniversityChangsha410083China

Along with the extensive application of energy storage devices,the spent lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)are unquestionably classified into the secondary resources due to its high content of several valuable ***,current recycling methods have the main drawback to their tedious process,especially the purification and separation ***,we propose a simplified process to recycle both cathode(LiCoO_(2))and anode(graphite)in the spent LIBs and regenerate newly high-performance anode material,CoO/CoFe2O4/expanded graphite(EG).This process not only has the advantages of succinct procedure and easy control of reaction conditions,but also effectively separates and recycles lithium from transition *** 98.43%of lithium is recovered from leachate when the solid product CoO/CoFe2O4/EG is synthesized as anode material for *** the product exhibits improved cyclic stability(890 mAh g^(-1) at 1 A g^(-1) after 700 cycles)and superior rate capability(208 mAh g^(-1) at 5 A g^(-1)).The merit of this delicate recycling design can be summarized as three aspects:the utilization of Fe impurity in waste LiCoO_(2),the transformation of waste graphite to EG,and the regeneration of anode *** approach properly recycles the valuable components of spent LIBs,which introduces an insight into the future recycling.

关键词： Spent lithium ion battery Regenerating Anode material Succinct procedure High-added value

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