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Monitoring of the Physicochemical and Bacteriological Quality of the Water of the Gounti-Yéna Basin and Assessment of the Impact on the Health of the Populations

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2022年第7期13卷 459-489页

作者： Halidou Alassane Hado Adamou Mahaman Moustapha Guillaume Favreau Karmadine Hima Ibrahim Dan Dano Abdourhamane Amadou Toure Nafissa Saidou Faculty of Agronomy Abdou Moumouni University of Niamey Niamey Niger Grenoble Alpes University IRD CNRS Grenoble INP IGE Grenoble France Faculty of Science and Technology Abdou Moumouni University of Niamey Niamey Niger Medical and Health Research Center Niamey Niger Quali Control Lab Niamey Niger

The Gounti Yéna valley is the main watercourse that divides the left bank of the city of Niamey into two unequal parts. The area of its watershed is estimated at about 62 km2. The objective of this study is on the one hand to evaluate the current state of the physico-chemical and bacteriological quality of the water of the Gounti Yéna basin and on the other hand to define the risks of water pollution and its origin in the face of the phenomenon of the rise in the water table of this basin by defining some health risks linked to these impacts. In order to properly carry out this work, we carried out a study of the evolution of the physicochemical and bacteriological parameters of the water of the Gounti Yéna basin during the period from November 2020 to October 2021, at three sampling points chosen from upstream to downstream of the basin then entomological surveys and among the health centers of the capital. The results obtained showed that the physico-chemical quality of water in the Gounti Yéna basin is influenced by climatic factors (precipitation and temperature) and anthropogenic actions. This study also highlighted the presence of faecal contamination in the water of the Gounti Yéna basin with a greater degree during the rainy season. This contamination remains worrying and constitutes a health risk causing waterborne diseases. The stagnation of the various bodies of water is also a favorable place for the development and spread of vector-borne diseases.

关键词： Pond Resurgence Point Flooding Health Impact Urban Environment

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The Pliocene-Recent Euphrates river system:Sediment facies and architecture as an analogue for subsurface reservoirs

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能源地球科学(英文) 2020年第3期1卷 174-193页

作者： Dorrik Stow Uisdean Nicholson Samantha Kearsey Dominic Tatum Andy Gardiner Amer Ghabra Mahmoud Jaweesh EGIS-ige Heriot-Watt UniversityEdinburghEH144ASUK Glasgow International College 56 Dumbarton RoadGlasgowG116NUUK Department of Geology and Petroleum Exploration Engineering Faculty of Petroleum EngineeringSyrian Private UniversityDamascusSyria School of Geography University of BirminghamBirminghamB152TTUK

The Tigris-Euphrates is a continental-scale fluvial system,around 2800 km in length,which drains over 1 million km2 of *** system originated in the Late Miocene and developed into the principal axial drainage system of the region,which follows broad regional structural features of the Mesopotamian Foreland *** preservation and outcropping of the Pliocene and Quaternary Euphrates deposits yield a viable local analogue for subsurface fluvial reservoirs in the region,and for other fluvial systems that have developed in foreland basin *** paper documents the first detailed study of the sedimentary characteristics of these Pliocene and Quaternary fluvial deposits along the middle reaches of the present-day Euphrates in *** Euphrates fluvial system developed from small and probably short-lived isolated cut-and-fill channels in the Pliocene,characterised by abundant debrite and slump facies,through to a broad meandering system at *** Quaternary deposits represent a braided to meandering system that was more energetic than that of the modern day *** Quaternary facies include a dominance of gravels,pebbly sands and sands as channel associations,coupled with sands,muds and paleosols representing channel abandonment,overbank and crevasse-splay *** widths,where observed,range from 50 to 500 m,and minimum fill thicknesses range from 3 to 7 *** combined channel-fill for stacked channels is up to 25 m *** correlation of channel elements over at least 1 km of section indicates that rapid and extensive lateral migration has *** splay lobes can be identified in the overbank deposits,with a width of 30e60 m and sand thickness of 0.5e1.5 *** geometry,nature and dimensions of these architectural elements provide a useful analogue for subsurface *** high-energy channel facies of the Quaternary system show very good reservoir attributes,with good correlation and *** the bed-

关键词： Euphrates river Fluvial facies Fluvial architecture Reservoir analogue

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Groundwater Monitoring with Passive Seismic Interferometry

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2017年第12期9卷 1414-1427页

作者： Christophe Voisin Maira Alejandra Romero Guzmán Aurore Réfloch Marco Taruselli Stéphane Garambois Université Grenoble-Alpes CNRS ISTerre Grenoble France Université Grenoble-Alpes CNRS IGE Grenoble France Politecnico di Lecco Lecco Italy

Passive seismic interferometry takes advantage of natural ambient seismic noise generated by the wind, the storms and the human activities (e.g. cars, trains and hereafter pumps) to recover the slight variations of the seismic wave velocity induced by changes in the groundwater level. Here we compare the seismic measurements with actual piezometric data acquired on the Crépieux-Charmy (Lyon, France) groundwater exploitation field. We show the excellent correspondance between variations in the groundwater level and seismic velocity variations. We present hereafter the time and space monitoring of an hydraulic dome formed to prevent biological and chemical pollutions to enter the exploitation field. The horizontal resolution is solely limited by the number of seismic stations used, and is about 30 m in the present study. The vertical resolution of seismic measurement is impaired by spurious artifacts linked to the intermittent sources of noise. In average, the sensitivity of the seismic velocity change corresponds to a 50 cm change of waterlevel. This study confirms the possibility of groundwater monitoring in an industrial context with ambient seismic noise.

关键词： Groundwater Water Table Seismic Interferometry Piezometer

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创业企业的风险管理探究

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商场现代化 2016年第23期 100-101页

作者：张月天津市ige点燃教育

随着我国综合国力的快速提升,使得我国的经济得到快速的发展,到目前为止,我国已经成为世界上第二大经济体,受到了世界上各个国家的广泛关注,即使中国的发展已经取得了突飞猛进的进步,但是中国的发展潜力仍然是巨大的。随着经济的快速发... 详细信息

随着我国综合国力的快速提升,使得我国的经济得到快速的发展,到目前为止,我国已经成为世界上第二大经济体,受到了世界上各个国家的广泛关注,即使中国的发展已经取得了突飞猛进的进步,但是中国的发展潜力仍然是巨大的。随着经济的快速发展,虽然从整体上提高了我国的综合国力,但是也掩盖不了一些突出的问题,比如说失业率有所增高和通货膨胀等问题。那么如何解决这些问题,使得我国的经济发展步入正轨,就像李克强总理所说的那样,"全民创新,人人创业",为了有效地解决经济问题,不断地发展创业型经济,是解决我国现阶段经济问题的根本途径。本文就是探究创业企业如何应对创业道路当中的各种风险,实现创业企业更好更快的发展。

关键词：创业企业风险管理研究方法

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Sensitivity Study of the RegCM4’s Surface Schemes in the Simulations of West Africa Climate

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Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2022年第1期12卷 86-104页

作者： Adjon Anderson Kouassi Brahima Kone Siélé Silue Alima Dajuma Toure E. N’datchoh Marcellin Adon Arona Diedhiou Véronique Yoboue Laboratoire des Sciences et Technologie de l’Environnement (LSTE) Université Jean Lorougnon Guédé Daloa C&#244 te d’Ivoire Laboratoire des Sciences de la Matière de l’Environnement et de l’Energie Solaire (LASMES) Université Félix Houphou&#235 t-Boigny Abidjan C&#244 te d’Ivoire Université Péléforo Gon Coulibaly Korhogo C&#244 te d’Ivoire Université Grenoble Alpes IRD CNRS Grenoble INP IGE Grenoble France

Two simulations of five years (2003-2007) were conducted with the Regional Climate models RegCM4, one coupled with Land surface models BATS and the other with CLM4.5 over West Africa, where simulated air temperature and precipitation were analyzed. The purpose of this study is to assess the performance of RegCM4 coupled with the new CLM4.5 Land surface scheme and the standard one named BATS in order to find the best configuration of RegCM4 over West African. This study could improve our understanding of the sensitivity of land surface model in West Africa climate simulation, and provide relevant information to RegCM4 users. The results show fairly realistic restitution of West Africa’s climatology and indicate correlations of 0.60 to 0.82 between the simulated fields (BATS and CLM4.5) for precipitation. The substitution of BATS surface scheme by CLM4.5 in the model configuration, leads mainly to an improvement of precipitation over the Atlantic Ocean, however, the impact is not sufficiently noticeable over the continent. While the CLM4.5 experiment restores the seasonal cycles and spatial distribution, the biases increase for precipitation and temperature. Positive biases already existing with BATS are amplified over some sub-regions. This study concludes that temporal localization (seasonal effect), spatial distribution (grid points) and magnitude of precipitation and temperature (bias) are not simultaneously improved by CLM4.5. The introduction of the new land surface scheme CLM4.5, therefore, leads to a performance of the same order as that of BATS, albeit with a more detailed formulation.

关键词： Regional Climate Model Land Surface Scheme West Africa Climate RegCM Precipitation West African Monsoon Simulated Data

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Iron in the NEEM ice core relative to Asian loess records over the last glacial–interglacial cycle

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National Science Review 2021年第7期8卷 110-123页

作者： Cunde Xiao Zhiheng Du Mike J Handley Paul A Mayewski Junji Cao Simon Schupbach Tong Zhang Jean-Robert Petit Chuanjin Li Yeongcheol Han Yuefang Li Jiawen Ren State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Beijing Normal University State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources Chinese Academy of Sciences Climate Change Institute School of Earth and Climate Sciences University of Maine Key Laboratory of Aerosol Science and Technology SKLLQG Institute of Earth Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Climate and Environmental Physics Physics Institute University of Bern 6. Institute of Tibetan Plateau and Polar Meteorology Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences 7. Institut des Geosciences de I'Environment (IGE) University Grenoble Alpes 8. Korea Polar Research Institute

Mineral dust can indirectly affect the climate by supplying bioavailable iron(Fe) to the ocean. Here, we present the records of dissolved Fe(DFe) and total Fe(TDFe) in North Greenland Eemian Ice Drilling(NEEM) ice core over the past 110 kyr BP. The Fe records are significantly negatively correlated with the carbon-dioxide(CO2) concentrations during cold periods. The results suggest that the changes in Fe fluxes over the past 110 kyr BP in the NEEM ice core are consistent with those in Chinese loess records because the mineral-dust distribution is controlled by the East Asian deserts. Furthermore, the variations in the dust input on a global scale are most likely driven by changes in solar radiation during the last glacial–interglacial cycle in response to Earth’s orbital cycles. In the last glacial–interglacial cycle, the DFe/TDFe ratios were higher during the warm periods(following the post-Industrial Revolution and during the Holocene and last interglacial period) than during the main cold period(i.e. the last glacial maximum(LGM)), indicating that the aeolian input of iron and the iron fertilization effect on the oceans have a non-linear relationship during different periods. Although the burning of biomass aerosols has released large amounts of DFe since the Industrial Revolution, no significant responses are observed in the DFe and TDFe variations during this period, indicating that severe anthropogenic contamination has no significant effect on the DFe(TDFe)release in the NEEM ice core.

关键词： Greenland NEEM ice core iron fertilization carbon dioxide Chinese loess glacial–interglacial cycle

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Climate Impact on the Productivity of Sugarcane Varieties in Ferke1 Industrial Plantations

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Agricultural Sciences 2023年第7期14卷 954-976页

作者： Sinali Dosso Fidèle Yoroba Benjamin Kouassi Kouakou Kouadio Adama Diawara Arsène Kobea Arona Diedhiou LAboratoire des Sciences de la Matière de l’Environnement et de l’Energie Solaire (LASMES) Université Félix Houphou&#235t Boigny Abidjan C&#244te d’Ivoire Laboratoire Mixte International Climat-Eau-Energy-Agriculture Université Félix Houphou&#235t Boigny Abidjan C&#244te d’Ivoire Geophysical Station of Lamto (GSL) N’Douci C&#244te d’Ivoire Université Grenoble Alpes IRD CNRS Grenoble INP IGE Grenoble France

This study assesses the climate impact on the productivity of five sugarcane varieties (R579, SP711406, M2593/92, M1400/86, and SP701006) in the industrial plantations of Ferké 1 sugar complex. It is a contribution to research efforts aimed at increasing the productivity of sugarcane varieties in the sugar fields. Also to support agricultural development and guarantee the income of planters. The sugarcane production data are from 2013 to 2017. Climatological data are measured and calculated continuously daily at the production site. In addition, the CMIP-5 (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project) climate database at 1º × 1º horizontal resolution was used for the predictability of crop yields of the 5 sugarcane varieties in the near future (2021-2050) and far future (2056-2075) to improve the quality of climate services to producers. The statistical methodological approach by multiple linear regression associated with the significativity test shows important and significant coefficients of determination (R2 > 0.90) between the yields of sugarcane varieties with certain climatic parameters such as minimum and maximum temperatures, insolation, global solar radiation, and potential evapotranspiration. The impact of rainfall has not been directly evaluated because the linear models do not explicitly show sensitivities to this parameter and the total water requirements for the plot are completely assured by irrigation. The future climate projections analyzed only from extreme thermal parameters (Tmax and Tmin) highlight their strong sensitivities with yields from an idealized model. In this model, we have assumed that the water supply needed by sugarcane is always met by irrigation on different plots. Moreover, linear models do not evolve fast enough in time and changes due to external environmental constraints are not too important at the plot scale. The projected thermic parameters can thus constitute a limiting factor for the

关键词： Climate Parameters Projections Yield Sugarcane Ferkessédougou

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Impacts of the Sahel-Sahara Interface Reforestation on West African Climate: Intra-Annual Variability and Extreme Temperature Events

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Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2019年第1期9卷 35-61页

作者： Ibrahima Diba Moctar Camara Arona Diedhiou Laboratoire d’Océanographie des Sciences de l’Environnement et du Climat (LOSEC) UFR Sciences et Technologies Université A. SECK de Ziguinchor Ziguinchor Sénégal IRD CNRS Grenoble INP IGE Université Grenoble Alpes Grenoble France

The impacts of the reforestation of the Sahel-Sahara interface on the seasonal distribution of the surface temperature and thermal extremes are studied in the Sahel (West African region lying between 11°N and 18°N). We performed a simulation with the standard version of the RegCM4 model followed by another one using the altered version of the same model taking into account an incorporated forest. The impacts of the vegetation change are assessed by analyzing the difference between the two runs. The reforestation may influence strongly the frequency of warm days (TG90P) and very warm days (TX90P) by decreasing it over the reforested zone from March to May (MAM) and the entire Sahel during the June-August (JJA) period. These TG90P and TX90P indices decrease may be due to the strengthening of the atmospheric moisture content over the whole Sahel region and the weakening of the sensible heat flux over the reforested zone. The analysis also shows a decrease of the TN90P indice (warm nights) over the Sahel during the wet season (JJA) which could be partly associated with the strengthening of the evapotranspiration over the whole Sahel domain. The analysis of additional thermal indices shows an increase of the tropical nights over the entire Sahel from December to February (DJF) and during the warm season (MAM). The strengthening of the tropical night is partly associated with an increase of the surface net downward shortwave flux over the reforested zone. When considering the heat waves, an increase (a decrease) of these events is recorded over the southern Sahel during JJA and SON periods (over the whole Sahelian region during DJF), respectively. Changes in latent heat flux appear to be largely responsible for these extreme temperatures change. This work shows that the vegetation change may impact positively some regions like the reforested area by reducing the occurrence of thermal extremes;while other Sahel regions (eastern part of the central Sahel) could suff

关键词： RegCM4 Reforestation Heat Waves Sahel

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Evidence of Long-Term Trend of Visibility in the Sahel and Coevolution with Meteorological Conditions and Vegetation Cover during the Recent Period

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Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2019年第3期9卷 346-368页

作者： Siélé Silué Touré E. N’Datchoh Arona Diedhiou Emmanuel Quansah Madina Doumbia Université Peleforo Gon Coulibaly Korhogo C&#244 te d’Ivoire LAPA-MF Université Félix Houphou&#235 t-Boigny Abidjan C&#244 te d’Ivoire ige CNRS Grenoble INP IRD Université Grenoble Alpes Grenoble France Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana

In this study, the long term trend of the observed visibility data used directly (without conversion into dust concentrations) over Sahel was investigated between 1957 and 2013. Then, to review the influence of atmospheric factors and land surface conditions on this trend, the coevolution between the visibility and the dust surface mass concentration from MERRA-2 (Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications) reanalysis, the in-situ surface meteorological data (rainfall, relative humidity, wind speed, and air temperature), as well as the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) were analyzed from 2000 to 2013. We showed that the horizontal visibility has significantly decreased since the 1970s. The coevolution between the visibility and the dust surface mass concentration revealed that visibility decreased significantly with increments in dust concentrations. Visibility increases with rainfall and relative humidity. It is greater in areas of high vegetation cover than in deforested areas. Visibility is weakly correlated with wind speed and air temperature but generally, wind leads to a decrease in visibility, while warm air temperature is associated with a clearer sky and hence, high visibility. The worst visibility in the dry season results from high dust concentrations due to warm and dry wind conditions and less vegetation cover. Rainfall, relative humidity and vegetation cover are the dominant factors contributing to the decrease of dust loading in the Sahel.

关键词： Visibility Dust Climate Vegetation Sahel

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Influence of Climate on Sugarcane Yield in Côte d’Ivoire: Case of the Ferkessédougou Region

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Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2023年第4期13卷 565-586页

作者： Sinali Dosso Arsène Kobea Fidèle Yoroba Benjamin Kouassi Kouakou Kouadio Adama Diawara Arona Diedhiou Laboratoire des Sciences de la Matière de l’Environnement et de l’Energie Solaire (LASMES) of Université Félix Houphou&#235t Boigny Abidjan C&#244te d’Ivoire Laboratoire Mixte International Climat-Eau-Energy-Agriculture Université Félix Houphou&#235t Boigny Abidjan C&#244te d’Ivoire Geophysical Station of Lamto (GSL) N’Douci C&#244te d’Ivoire Université de Grenoble Aples (Univ. Grenoble Alpes) Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (Grenoble INP) Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE) Grenoble France

This study aims to understand the current climatic trends and explain the possible losses of agricultural yields. To achieve this objective, this work characterized the evolution of extreme temperature indices in the sugar complexes of Ferké 1 and Ferké 2, two stations located in the northern part of C?te d'Ivoire. The onset and cessation dates of the rainy season and the length of the rainy season were investigated. The agricultural and climatic data were obtained from each sugar complex. The period of study ranges from 2002 to 2019 in Ferké 1 and Ferké 2. The results show significant upward trends in extreme temperature indices. The analysis of sugarcane yield associated with the different climatic parameters shows no significant results in general. However, on the Ferkessédougou sugar complexes, the results highlight that maximum and minimum temperatures could be the variables that influence most yield production. The maximum temperature with coefficients of 1.60 and 0.77 at Ferké 1 and Ferké 2 respectively seems to contribute to an increase in yield while the minimum temperature with coefficients of -0.98 and -0.22 at Ferké 1 and Ferké 2 respectively could lead to a loss in yield. The results obtained with the Single Linear Regression (SLR) and the Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) models also highlight the strong influence of minimum and maximum temperatures.

关键词： Onset and Cessation Dates Duration Rainfall Temperature Climatic Indices Sugarcane Yield Ferké 1 Ferké 2

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